OPERATIONS BULLETIN BOOK fire fighting

Question 1

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 1 JUNE 2007 (Revised)
VEHICLE FIRES
PART 1. FIREFIGHTING
Overview:

Answer 1

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 1 JUNE 2007 (Revised)
VEHICLE FIRES
PART 1. FIREFIGHTING
Overview:

Question 2

. The major components are the fuel injector and lines, the catalytic converter and the fuel evaporation system (which includes the fuel tank).

Answer 2

. The major components are the fuel injector and lines, the catalytic converter and the fuel evaporation system (which includes the fuel tank).

Question 3

1. Catalytic Converter
   The catalytic converter was designed to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions before they reach the atmosphere. Tremendous heat is generated in the converter as the catalytic reaction takes place; normal internal temperatures of the catalytic converter can rise to somewhere between 1300 and 1600 degrees F while normal outside surface generally reaches the neighborhood of about 1000 degrees F.

Answer 3

1. Catalytic Converter
   The catalytic converter was designed to reduce hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions before they reach the atmosphere. Tremendous heat is generated in the converter as the catalytic reaction takes place; normal internal temperatures of the catalytic converter can rise to somewhere between 1300 and 1600 degrees F while normal outside surface generally reaches the neighborhood of about 1000 degrees F.

Question 4

This sealed fuel system concept is the primary design used in vehicles presently being manufactured. The intent of this system is to prevent fuel vapors from leaking from this sealed network. The fuel tank cap is designed to prevent passage of gasoline vapors directly into the atmosphere. It incorporates a vacuum relief set-to operate at approximately 3/8 pounds per square inch and a pressure relief valve set to open at approximately one pound per square inch.

Answer 4

This sealed fuel system concept is the primary design used in vehicles presently being manufactured. The intent of this system is to prevent fuel vapors from leaking from this sealed network. The fuel tank cap is designed to prevent passage of gasoline vapors directly into the atmosphere. It incorporates a vacuum relief set-to operate at approximately 3/8 pounds per square inch and a pressure relief valve set to open at approximately one pound per square inch.

Question 5

Apparatus should be positioned in front of the vehicle that is involved in fire by at least fifty feet, and if possible, by one hundred feet. If apparatus must be positioned to the rear of the involved vehicle, a distance of at least one hundred feet must be maintained.

Answer 5

Apparatus should be positioned in front of the vehicle that is involved in fire by at least fifty feet, and if possible, by one hundred feet. If apparatus must be positioned to the rear of the involved vehicle, a distance of at least one hundred feet must be maintained.

Question 6

vehicle, a distance of at least one hundred feet must be maintained.
If encountering a vehicle model where the fuel tank is known to be other than the rear of the vehicle, adjust your tactics accordingly. Consider positioning the apparatus and the direction of attack from the end opposite the fuel tank, and if possible approach the vehicle from a 45 degree angle.

Answer 6

vehicle, a distance of at least one hundred feet must be maintained.
If encountering a vehicle model where the fuel tank is known to be other than the rear of the vehicle, adjust your tactics accordingly. Consider positioning the apparatus and the direction of attack from the end opposite the fuel tank, and if possible approach the vehicle from a 45 degree angle.

Question 7

If members must approach an extensively involved vehicle from the rear and tank rupture does occur, a fire ball will likely erupt from underneath the back bumper and out the sides of the rear wells and the rear fenders. To protect the firefighters on the first one and one-half inch line in this situation, the second one and one-half Inch line should be deployed to the tank area utilizing a wider fog pattern to offer limited additional protection and allow members the opportunity to back out of immediate danger.

Answer 7

If members must approach an extensively involved vehicle from the rear and tank rupture does occur, a fire ball will likely erupt from underneath the back bumper and out the sides of the rear wells and the rear fenders. To protect the firefighters on the first one and one-half inch line in this situation, the second one and one-half Inch line should be deployed to the tank area utilizing a wider fog pattern to offer limited additional protection and allow members the opportunity to back out of immediate danger.

Question 8

• In cases of a leaking fuel tank, request the Haz Mat unit.

Answer 8

• In cases of a leaking fuel tank, request the Haz Mat unit.

Question 9

Definitions of each of the major electrical systems are as follows:
Charger Mechanism The device used to charge the battery. The style of charging varies with each manufacturer, car, and the amount of voltage used.

Answer 9

Definitions of each of the major electrical systems are as follows:
Charger Mechanism The device used to charge the battery. The style of charging varies with each manufacturer, car, and the amount of voltage used.

Question 10

Motor
During a vehicle fire involving an EV, electrical shock should not occur because the high-voltage of an EV does not use the earth as s ground. A firefighter standing on the ground does not complete a circuit when a stream of water hits an EV. However, there is still a possibility that by touching certain electrical components an electrical shock could occur.

Answer 10

Motor
During a vehicle fire involving an EV, electrical shock should not occur because the high-voltage of an EV does not use the earth as s ground. A firefighter standing on the ground does not complete a circuit when a stream of water hits an EV. However, there is still a possibility that by touching certain electrical components an electrical shock could occur.

Question 11

. A firefighter may encounter the following types of EV fluids at an emergency incident: Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), Marlotherm, and Sulfuric Acid.

Answer 11

. A firefighter may encounter the following types of EV fluids at an emergency incident: Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), Marlotherm, and Sulfuric Acid.

Question 12

A telltale sign of an Electric Vehicle is the international orange color associated with the wiring system that provides the electric power. This wiring is usually bundled and runs along the lower frame or beneath the seats along the floor boards of an Electric Vehicle.

Answer 12

A telltale sign of an Electric Vehicle is the international orange color associated with the wiring system that provides the electric power. This wiring is usually bundled and runs along the lower frame or beneath the seats along the floor boards of an Electric Vehicle.

Question 13

As with any electrical system the capacitors hold stored energy, this energy must be “dumped” for the system to be considered completely de-energized. Because of this there is a delay of between 5 and 10 minutes between the time the power is cut and the system is de-energized. For this reason it is imperative that the power to an electric or hybrid vehicle be cut immediately upon arrival of an accident or vehicle fire.

Answer 13

As with any electrical system the capacitors hold stored energy, this energy must be “dumped” for the system to be considered completely de-energized. Because of this there is a delay of between 5 and 10 minutes between the time the power is cut and the system is de-energized. For this reason it is imperative that the power to an electric or hybrid vehicle be cut immediately upon arrival of an accident or vehicle fire.

Question 14

Always check the cut off switch and disconnect all batteries before attempting rescue operations.
Before starting any cutting operations, firefighters must peel back any insulation or covering, or make a spy cut first.
The battery pack and connected cables remain HOT for several minutes after the power is disconnected.

Answer 14

Always check the cut off switch and disconnect all batteries before attempting rescue operations.
Before starting any cutting operations, firefighters must peel back any insulation or covering, or make a spy cut first.
The battery pack and connected cables remain HOT for several minutes after the power is disconnected.

Question 15

Large EV fires can be safely controlled with water; if the fire involves the batteries and is minor in nature consider utilizing a “type D” dry chemical extinguisher.

Answer 15

Large EV fires can be safely controlled with water; if the fire involves the batteries and is minor in nature consider utilizing a “type D” dry chemical extinguisher.

Question 16

Use a water fog to dilute toxic smoke from a burning sodium and sulfur battery

Answer 16

Use a water fog to dilute toxic smoke from a burning sodium and sulfur battery

Question 17

There is also a growing frend to provide alternative fuel vehicles in order to lower emissions, meeting Government mandates. Investigating vehicle fires has become complex due to:
Light weight material, introducing more plastics into the vehicle — currently there is over 9001bs of combustible material in vehicles.
Combustible and Flammable liquids and solids are present including CNG, propane, hydrogen, gasoline, oils, magnesium, etc.

Answer 17

There is also a growing frend to provide alternative fuel vehicles in order to lower emissions, meeting Government mandates. Investigating vehicle fires has become complex due to:
Light weight material, introducing more plastics into the vehicle — currently there is over 9001bs of combustible material in vehicles.
Combustible and Flammable liquids and solids are present including CNG, propane, hydrogen, gasoline, oils, magnesium, etc.

Question 18

Note:
Company Officers should always check the trunk area of all vehicle fires to ensure that this area does not contain victims of a crime.

Answer 18

Note:
Company Officers should always check the trunk area of all vehicle fires to ensure that this area does not contain victims of a crime.

Question 19

When developing a criminal case that involves automobiles, the first 48 hours is the most critical.

Answer 19

When developing a criminal case that involves automobiles, the first 48 hours is the most critical.

Question 20

FIREFIGHTING TACTICS FOR E85 FUEL

This Bulletin is to alert first responders to the requirements for handling E85 fuel, an alternative fuel composed of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline.

Answer 20

FIREFIGHTING TACTICS FOR E85 FUEL

This Bulletin is to alert first responders to the requirements for handling E85 fuel, an alternative fuel composed of 85 percent ethanol and 15 percent gasoline.

Question 21

According to the ERG2004, public safety should:
• Call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper first.
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.
• Stay upwind.
• Keep out of low areas.
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Answer 21

According to the ERG2004, public safety should:
• Call emergency response telephone number on shipping paper first.
• As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.
• Keep unauthorized personnel away.
• Stay upwind.
• Keep out of low areas.
• Ventilate closed spaces before entering.
• Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA).

Question 22

• For small fires, use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
• For large fires:
o Use water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. o Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

Answer 22

• For small fires, use dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
• For large fires:
o Use water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam. o Use water spray or fog; do not use straight streams.

Question 23

For evacuation, public safety should:
• For a large spill, consider downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1,000 feet). • If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also consider the evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Answer 23

For evacuation, public safety should:
• For a large spill, consider downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1,000 feet). • If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also consider the evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Question 24

For first aid, public safety should:
• Move victim to fresh air.
• Give artificial respiration if victim not breathing.
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. • In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes; wash skin with soap and water. • In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water.

Answer 24

For first aid, public safety should:
• Move victim to fresh air.
• Give artificial respiration if victim not breathing.
• Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
• Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. • In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes; wash skin with soap and water. • In case of burns, immediately cool affected skin for as long as possible with cold water.

Question 25

Tanks

• The buses in the Metro fleet contain 7 CNG tanks that operate at 3600 PSI. The range of the pressure can vary depending the ambient temperature, from 3400 PSI (cold) to 4000 PSI (warm).
• Tanks are located on the roof. Knowing that CNG is lighter than air and will dissipate easily when released influenced Metro’s decision to purchase this style of bus over the other choice which was an under the floor mounted system.
• Each tank is 120” long and 15.9” in diameter and weighs 269lbs.

Answer 25

Tanks

• The buses in the Metro fleet contain 7 CNG tanks that operate at 3600 PSI. The range of the pressure can vary depending the ambient temperature, from 3400 PSI (cold) to 4000 PSI (warm).
• Tanks are located on the roof. Knowing that CNG is lighter than air and will dissipate easily when released influenced Metro’s decision to purchase this style of bus over the other choice which was an under the floor mounted system.
• Each tank is 120” long and 15.9” in diameter and weighs 269lbs.

Question 26

• There are 8 PRD’s (pressure relief devices) located in the roof area.
• The device will activate at 5400 PSI or when the tank is heated to 220 degrees (f).

Answer 26

• There are 8 PRD’s (pressure relief devices) located in the roof area.
• The device will activate at 5400 PSI or when the tank is heated to 220 degrees (f).

Question 27

Section 3. Fires & Extinguisher System

• The most practical method of extinguishing a CNG fire is to shut off the gas at its source. Even if the fire has been extinguished, until this is done there is a possibility of re-ignition.
• CNG burns with an orange flame.
• Normally, a high-pressure leak will not ignite because it is too rich to burn.
• Temperature sensors are also located on the bus and release an extinguishing agent when reaching a temperature of 280 degrees (f).

Answer 27

Section 3. Fires & Extinguisher System

• The most practical method of extinguishing a CNG fire is to shut off the gas at its source. Even if the fire has been extinguished, until this is done there is a possibility of re-ignition.
• CNG burns with an orange flame.
• Normally, a high-pressure leak will not ignite because it is too rich to burn.
• Temperature sensors are also located on the bus and release an extinguishing agent when reaching a temperature of 280 degrees (f).

Question 28

Section 4. CNG Fuel

• The 7 tanks are filled with a compressed natural gas that is mostly made up of Methane. Mercaptan is added to give it a distinct odor.

Answer 28

Section 4. CNG Fuel

• The 7 tanks are filled with a compressed natural gas that is mostly made up of Methane. Mercaptan is added to give it a distinct odor.

Question 29

• CNG has a flash point of 560 degrees (f). For minor leaks remove ignition sources 100 feet and 300 feet for major leaks.
• CNG is non-toxic, however in large volumes and in confined spaces the oxygen will be displaced and cause asphyxiation.
• Low-pressure leaks will first be noticed by their odor. High pressure leaks will be noticed the sound.

Answer 29

• CNG has a flash point of 560 degrees (f). For minor leaks remove ignition sources 100 feet and 300 feet for major leaks.
• CNG is non-toxic, however in large volumes and in confined spaces the oxygen will be displaced and cause asphyxiation.
• Low-pressure leaks will first be noticed by their odor. High pressure leaks will be noticed the sound.

Question 30

PROPANE GAS HAZARDS

The following basic information is provided to advise personnel of propane gas hazards.

Answer 30

PROPANE GAS HAZARDS

The following basic information is provided to advise personnel of propane gas hazards.

Question 31

Propane gas is a heavier than air flammable gas with a vapor density of 1.6. which causes it to seek low spots as it moves across the ground. With an expansion rate of 270 to 1 propane gas spills and leaks produce a large vapor cloud that should be contained quickly.

Answer 31

Propane gas is a heavier than air flammable gas with a vapor density of 1.6. which causes it to seek low spots as it moves across the ground. With an expansion rate of 270 to 1 propane gas spills and leaks produce a large vapor cloud that should be contained quickly.

Question 32

HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS
. All onlookers should be kept a minimum of 1500 feet from the crash scene. Most aircraft carry only enough fuel for their particular mission plus a slight reserve. Members should expect a potential 100 gallons of fuel on board the aircraft at any crash scene.

Answer 32

HELICOPTERS – SPECIAL HAZARDS
. All onlookers should be kept a minimum of 1500 feet from the crash scene. Most aircraft carry only enough fuel for their particular mission plus a slight reserve. Members should expect a potential 100 gallons of fuel on board the aircraft at any crash scene.

Question 33

As a rule of thumb, the safest area of a crash is inside the helicopter.

Answer 33

As a rule of thumb, the safest area of a crash is inside the helicopter.

Question 34

If the landing area will involve a street or thoroughfare it is important to stop all traffic in both directions 150 feet from the landing site. The lead cars in each direction should turn off vehicle lights. If the landing zone is in a field or park, a minimum diameter of 100 feet is preferred.

Answer 34

If the landing area will involve a street or thoroughfare it is important to stop all traffic in both directions 150 feet from the landing site. The lead cars in each direction should turn off vehicle lights. If the landing zone is in a field or park, a minimum diameter of 100 feet is preferred.

Question 35

Always establish radio contact utilizing the proper tact channel or an alternative 800 frequency through (OUC). This procedure can be accomplished while operating with most agencies.

Answer 35

Always establish radio contact utilizing the proper tact channel or an alternative 800 frequency through (OUC). This procedure can be accomplished while operating with most agencies.

Question 36

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 7 March 2021

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS
, the TIC operates based on an object’s temperature- the cooler the object’s surface, the darker the image on the TIC screen; the warmer the surface area, the whiter the image on the TIC screen. On most TIC’s, an object’s color will be displayed to reflect the temperature range as temperatures increase. On the TIC, cooler temperatures are BLUE, warmer are WHITE

Answer 36

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 7 March 2021

THERMAL IMAGING CAMERAS
, the TIC operates based on an object’s temperature- the cooler the object’s surface, the darker the image on the TIC screen; the warmer the surface area, the whiter the image on the TIC screen. On most TIC’s, an object’s color will be displayed to reflect the temperature range as temperatures increase. On the TIC, cooler temperatures are BLUE, warmer are WHITE

Question 37

and, as temperatures increase, images are shown in YELLOW and RED.
In order to produce images that better distinguish between objects in the overall temperature range, the TIC will automatically operate between what’s called LOW and HIGH sensitivity modes. The HIGH sensitivity mode operates up to approximately 300°F. When temperatures rise above 300°F, the TIC will automatically switch to the LOW sensitivity mode, allowing a better image to be produced.

Answer 37

and, as temperatures increase, images are shown in YELLOW and RED.
In order to produce images that better distinguish between objects in the overall temperature range, the TIC will automatically operate between what’s called LOW and HIGH sensitivity modes. The HIGH sensitivity mode operates up to approximately 300°F. When temperatures rise above 300°F, the TIC will automatically switch to the LOW sensitivity mode, allowing a better image to be produced.

Question 38

. This change from high to low sensitivity is necessary because the screen would “white out” if the unit was to remain in HIGH sensitivity mode while temperatures were above 300°F.

Answer 38

. This change from high to low sensitivity is necessary because the screen would “white out” if the unit was to remain in HIGH sensitivity mode while temperatures were above 300°F.

Question 39

When the TIC changes to the Low sensitivity mode, you may not see Red until the Temperatures reach 900°F.

Answer 39

When the TIC changes to the Low sensitivity mode, you may not see Red until the Temperatures reach 900°F.

Question 40

The TIC’s image may freeze on screen at times. This function of the TIC is known as “shuttering” and it is the TIC refreshing the focal plane in order to operate properly. This function is normal. Some TIC’s will do this more often than others, especially in the LOW sensitivity mode.

Answer 40

The TIC’s image may freeze on screen at times. This function of the TIC is known as “shuttering” and it is the TIC refreshing the focal plane in order to operate properly. This function is normal. Some TIC’s will do this more often than others, especially in the LOW sensitivity mode.

Question 41

With the general understanding that flashover is forthcoming at or around 1100° F, an interesting conclusion was found.

Answer 41

With the general understanding that flashover is forthcoming at or around 1100° F, an interesting conclusion was found.

Question 42

With all three cameras, the temperature range of 400° F to 450° F was displayed before a rapid increase of temperature and subsequant flashover.

Answer 42

With all three cameras, the temperature range of 400° F to 450° F was displayed before a rapid increase of temperature and subsequant flashover.

Question 43

Disadvantages:
• Does not transmit through glass. The user’s image will be reflected.
• May reflect off smooth surfaces.
• Not able to view objects through dense material such as carpets, blankets, mattresses, etc.
• In extremely dense smoke, visibility may be obscured to the point where the TIC screen itself cannot be clearly seen, which will render the TIC ineffective.
• Will not define a hole in the floor, image may not show as a darkened area.
• Will not transmit through water.
• Image may be affected by two-way radios, in that the image may be distorted.

Answer 43

Disadvantages:
• Does not transmit through glass. The user’s image will be reflected.
• May reflect off smooth surfaces.
• Not able to view objects through dense material such as carpets, blankets, mattresses, etc.
• In extremely dense smoke, visibility may be obscured to the point where the TIC screen itself cannot be clearly seen, which will render the TIC ineffective.
• Will not define a hole in the floor, image may not show as a darkened area.
• Will not transmit through water.
• Image may be affected by two-way radios, in that the image may be distorted.

Question 44

The TIC will be utilized on all structure fire incidents. TIC operators must use good basic fire ground techniques when operating the camera, such as: staying in contact with a wall, hose line or tag line; staying low and feeling for holes in the floor and other obstructions; etc. Imagers do not “see” heat through any object.

Answer 44

The TIC will be utilized on all structure fire incidents. TIC operators must use good basic fire ground techniques when operating the camera, such as: staying in contact with a wall, hose line or tag line; staying low and feeling for holes in the floor and other obstructions; etc. Imagers do not “see” heat through any object.

Question 45

. TIC operators should first scan the ceiling area and end the room scan on the floor. The TIC operator should use caution when standing and walking in low visibility conditions. It should be noted that when utilizing the TIC for search and rescue operations in an area with increased temperatures, the surface temperature of the victim could be lower then the ambient temperature of the room and thus the victim would appear darker in the image then the rest of the room.

Answer 45

. TIC operators should first scan the ceiling area and end the room scan on the floor. The TIC operator should use caution when standing and walking in low visibility conditions. It should be noted that when utilizing the TIC for search and rescue operations in an area with increased temperatures, the surface temperature of the victim could be lower then the ambient temperature of the room and thus the victim would appear darker in the image then the rest of the room.

Question 46

All rescue squad A and B team members shall carry their assigned TIC on all structure fire assignments. All basic principles of search still must be adhered to (i.e., teams, “pattern”, etc.). Members must always keep in mind that the camera can’t see through objects and members must physically search under beds, in closets, behind doors, etc. Caution must be exercised when operating without a hose line.

Answer 46

All rescue squad A and B team members shall carry their assigned TIC on all structure fire assignments. All basic principles of search still must be adhered to (i.e., teams, “pattern”, etc.). Members must always keep in mind that the camera can’t see through objects and members must physically search under beds, in closets, behind doors, etc. Caution must be exercised when operating without a hose line.

Question 47

The second due Battalion Fire Chief and the Safety Officer shall carry and operate their assigned TIC on all structure fire incidents.

Answer 47

The second due Battalion Fire Chief and the Safety Officer shall carry and operate their assigned TIC on all structure fire incidents.

Question 48

Focus Range
The camera has an approximate focus range of 3 ft. (1.0 meter) to infinity. This means that objects that are imaged from less than 3 ft. away may appear slightly on the display.

Answer 48

Focus Range
The camera has an approximate focus range of 3 ft. (1.0 meter) to infinity. This means that objects that are imaged from less than 3 ft. away may appear slightly on the display.

Question 49

Optional Quick Temp Indicator- On screen operating Quick
Temp spotter and vertical bar gauge spans temperatures from 0°F to 300°F in high sensitivity mode and 0° to 1000°F in low sensitivity mode. The digital temperature feature displays the approximate temperature value.

Answer 49

Optional Quick Temp Indicator- On screen operating Quick
Temp spotter and vertical bar gauge spans temperatures from 0°F to 300°F in high sensitivity mode and 0° to 1000°F in low sensitivity mode. The digital temperature feature displays the approximate temperature value.

Question 50

• Battery status- The battery status indicator is in the lower right corner and consists of three LED’s in a row.
GREEN– indicates full battery power
YELLOW- indicates marginal power left
RED- indicated 15 minutes of battery power left Red Flashing- indicates battery power shut down, about one minute of power left.

Answer 50

• Battery status- The battery status indicator is in the lower right corner and consists of three LED’s in a row.
GREEN– indicates full battery power
YELLOW- indicates marginal power left
RED- indicated 15 minutes of battery power left Red Flashing- indicates battery power shut down, about one minute of power left.

Question 51

Scott ISG X380 Thermal Imaging Camera 
Specifications  	 	 
•	Weight : 	 	2.5 pounds  
•	Power Source:  	Lithium battery pack 
•	Operating Time:   	4 hours 
•	Intrinsically Safe:  	No

Answer 51

Scott ISG X380 Thermal Imaging Camera 
Specifications  	 	 
•	Weight : 	 	2.5 pounds  
•	Power Source:  	Lithium battery pack 
•	Operating Time:   	4 hours 
•	Intrinsically Safe:  	No

Question 52

Focus Range
The camera has an approximate focus range of 3 ft. (1.0 meter) to infinity. This means that objects that are imaged from less than 3 ft. away may appear slightly on the display.

Answer 52

Focus Range
The camera has an approximate focus range of 3 ft. (1.0 meter) to infinity. This means that objects that are imaged from less than 3 ft. away may appear slightly on the display.

Question 53

The Reveal FirePRO has three different modes that have been optimized for First Responders.
• Fire – Displays an image in shades of BLACK and GRAY which turn bright ORANGE/RED when areas of extreme heat are present. This mode is specifically designed for location HOTSPOTS in fire during 360 size – ups and overhaul.
• Survey – Is optimal for helping locate downed firefighters or victims during search and rescue. This mode has a monochromatic filter of different shades of BLUE which turn WHITE around warmer areas.

• Auto – Also referred to as color-mode, this is the TIC’s demonstration mode and is bestsuited for classroom use. It highlights areas of heat in RED with colorful borders as the temperature decreases. It is present simply to demo thermal imaging to third party observers and is seldom used in the field.

Answer 53

The Reveal FirePRO has three different modes that have been optimized for First Responders.
• Fire – Displays an image in shades of BLACK and GRAY which turn bright ORANGE/RED when areas of extreme heat are present. This mode is specifically designed for location HOTSPOTS in fire during 360 size – ups and overhaul.
• Survey – Is optimal for helping locate downed firefighters or victims during search and rescue. This mode has a monochromatic filter of different shades of BLUE which turn WHITE around warmer areas.

• Auto – Also referred to as color-mode, this is the TIC’s demonstration mode and is bestsuited for classroom use. It highlights areas of heat in RED with colorful borders as the temperature decreases. It is present simply to demo thermal imaging to third party observers and is seldom used in the field.

Question 54

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 8 JUNE 2007 (New)

HYBRID VEHICLE WARNING

Answer 54

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 8 JUNE 2007 (New)

HYBRID VEHICLE WARNING

Question 55

If the “Ready” light on the dash is illuminated, then there is a possibility that the converter will supply power to the high voltage control module and high voltage power will still be running through the orange cables. This makes it mandatory to check the ready light on the dash to ensure that the high voltage is shut down. Cutting the battery cable alone will not ensure that the vehicle is safe from high voltage hazards.

Answer 55

If the “Ready” light on the dash is illuminated, then there is a possibility that the converter will supply power to the high voltage control module and high voltage power will still be running through the orange cables. This makes it mandatory to check the ready light on the dash to ensure that the high voltage is shut down. Cutting the battery cable alone will not ensure that the vehicle is safe from high voltage hazards.

Question 56

Almost all new Hybrid vehicles are also being equipped with the “Smart Key” system where the key does not need to be in the ignition, only within 10-15 feet of the vehicle to energize all systems. The Automakers have removed the switch from under the dash that disables this keyless system on most of the new vehicles. This means that the vehicle may be fully energized without the key in the ignition.

Answer 56

Almost all new Hybrid vehicles are also being equipped with the “Smart Key” system where the key does not need to be in the ignition, only within 10-15 feet of the vehicle to energize all systems. The Automakers have removed the switch from under the dash that disables this keyless system on most of the new vehicles. This means that the vehicle may be fully energized without the key in the ignition.

Question 57

1. Turn off Ignition and remove key from vehicle.
   This will shut down the high voltage system, airbag system and fuel system.
   Note: Some vehicles will maintain power in the airbag system for a few minutes after the battery is disconnected.

Answer 57

1. Turn off Ignition and remove key from vehicle.
   This will shut down the high voltage system, airbag system and fuel system.
   Note: Some vehicles will maintain power in the airbag system for a few minutes after the battery is disconnected.

Question 58

2. Turn ON emergency flashers.

This will give a visible warning to everyone in the area that the vehicle still has electrical power

Answer 58

2. Turn ON emergency flashers.

This will give a visible warning to everyone in the area that the vehicle still has electrical power

Question 59

3. Disconnect or cut 12 volt battery cables.
   This will ensure that starting and charging systems are not accidentally activated when wires are cut or pinched. This will also help to prevent the possibility of fire.

Answer 59

3. Disconnect or cut 12 volt battery cables.
   This will ensure that starting and charging systems are not accidentally activated when wires are cut or pinched. This will also help to prevent the possibility of fire.

Question 60

4. Verify electrical system shut-down.
   Check the dash for lights and make sure that the emergency flashers go out. Some vehicles are equipped with a second power source such as a second battery.

Answer 60

4. Verify electrical system shut-down.
   Check the dash for lights and make sure that the emergency flashers go out. Some vehicles are equipped with a second power source such as a second battery.

Question 61

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 9 June 2008 (New)

The following Fire Marshal’s Directive is issued for procedures to be followed in the event of a Fire Watch implementation after normal business hours.

Answer 61

Firefighting Operations Bulletin No. 9 June 2008 (New)

The following Fire Marshal’s Directive is issued for procedures to be followed in the event of a Fire Watch implementation after normal business hours.

Question 62

Definition:
A fire watch is a short-term, emergency measure to provide an acceptable level of life safety in an unsafe or hazardous condition(s) existing in a building(s) or structure(s). A fire watch is a compensatory measure only. It is intended to allow continued occupancy of a building or facility that may not be safe to be occupied during the time period required for implementing appropriate changes or repairs. The purpose of the fire watch is to check ALL areas of the building on a regular basis to detect fire /life safety emergencies and providing prompt notification to 911 along with the building occupants of the appropriate actions to be taken.

Answer 62

Definition:
A fire watch is a short-term, emergency measure to provide an acceptable level of life safety in an unsafe or hazardous condition(s) existing in a building(s) or structure(s). A fire watch is a compensatory measure only. It is intended to allow continued occupancy of a building or facility that may not be safe to be occupied during the time period required for implementing appropriate changes or repairs. The purpose of the fire watch is to check ALL areas of the building on a regular basis to detect fire /life safety emergencies and providing prompt notification to 911 along with the building occupants of the appropriate actions to be taken.

Question 63

Required:
A fire watch is required to be implemented immediately when certain conditions are discovered, either by the facility manager or by the Fire Marshal. Examples of when a

Answer 63

Required:
A fire watch is required to be implemented immediately when certain conditions are discovered, either by the facility manager or by the Fire Marshal. Examples of when a

Question 64

System outages for maintenance (four hours or longer), significant impairment of, or out of service alarm system.

Outages for maintenance (four hours or longer) ,significant impairment of, or out of service for suppression system.

Blocked or locked means of egress and/or exit.

Answer 64

System outages for maintenance (four hours or longer), significant impairment of, or out of service alarm system.

Outages for maintenance (four hours or longer) ,significant impairment of, or out of service for suppression system.

Blocked or locked means of egress and/or exit.

Question 65

If a fire watch cannot be implemented within one hour (60 minutes) or the problem mitigated, it will be the responsibility of the Fire Marshal’s Office representative to remain on the scene and institute a call back for Fire Prevention personnel to institute a fire watch.

Answer 65

If a fire watch cannot be implemented within one hour (60 minutes) or the problem mitigated, it will be the responsibility of the Fire Marshal’s Office representative to remain on the scene and institute a call back for Fire Prevention personnel to institute a fire watch.

Question 66

Cancellation of Fire Watch:
It is the owner’s responsibility to request the “fire watch” be discontinued once the fire protection system has been fully restored or the hazardous situation has been abated. If the

Answer 66

Cancellation of Fire Watch:
It is the owner’s responsibility to request the “fire watch” be discontinued once the fire protection system has been fully restored or the hazardous situation has been abated. If the

Question 67

The DC Fire and EMS Department, Office of the Fire Marshal recognizes NFPA 25, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, and does not consider the testing and maintenance of fire protection system’s to be an “outage” if the system is restored within four (4) hours

Answer 67

The DC Fire and EMS Department, Office of the Fire Marshal recognizes NFPA 25, Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water-Based Fire Protection Systems, and does not consider the testing and maintenance of fire protection system’s to be an “outage” if the system is restored within four (4) hours

Question 68

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL EMERGENCIES

Emergencies involving electrical utility service shall be classified according to the degree of hazard.

Priority One: Life Threatening

Priority One incidents would include anything considered life threatening, including:

• Any vehicle accident in which a rescue cannot be safely initiated because of downed power line;
• Any electrical problem that has a potential to be life threatening;
• Any structure fire that has an electrical problem that prohibits a rescue or fire suppression and cannot be controlled by shutting off the structure’s main electrical switch to interrupt electric service.

Answer 68

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICAL EMERGENCIES

Emergencies involving electrical utility service shall be classified according to the degree of hazard.

Priority One: Life Threatening

Priority One incidents would include anything considered life threatening, including:

• Any vehicle accident in which a rescue cannot be safely initiated because of downed power line;
• Any electrical problem that has a potential to be life threatening;
• Any structure fire that has an electrical problem that prohibits a rescue or fire suppression and cannot be controlled by shutting off the structure’s main electrical switch to interrupt electric service.

Question 69

Considerations include:

(1) Type of structure or situation i.e., residential structure, apartment building, commercial warehouse, field fire, etc.
(2) Electric meter accessibility
(3) Type of electrical equipment involved (poles, transformers, etc.).

Answer 69

Considerations include:

(1) Type of structure or situation i.e., residential structure, apartment building, commercial warehouse, field fire, etc.
(2) Electric meter accessibility
(3) Type of electrical equipment involved (poles, transformers, etc.).

Question 70

Manhole and substation emergencies require extreme caution. Arriving units should establish a safe perimeter for first responders and the public. Avoid entry into manholes and substations until an authorized representative is on-scene. Electrical equipment involved in fires is usually damaged beyond repair and will need to be replaced. Let it burn. Protect exposures and wait for authorized personnel to assist you. Under extreme emergencies when life threatening conditions exist, a fog pattern is recommended when fire suppression activities are in the vicinity of electrical equipment.

Answer 70

Manhole and substation emergencies require extreme caution. Arriving units should establish a safe perimeter for first responders and the public. Avoid entry into manholes and substations until an authorized representative is on-scene. Electrical equipment involved in fires is usually damaged beyond repair and will need to be replaced. Let it burn. Protect exposures and wait for authorized personnel to assist you. Under extreme emergencies when life threatening conditions exist, a fog pattern is recommended when fire suppression activities are in the vicinity of electrical equipment.

Question 71

Priority Two: Prohibits Resolution and Could Escalate If Not Controlled

Priority Two incidents include:
• Any electrical problem in a structure that prohibits “fire overhaul” because the main electrical switch cannot be controlled to interrupt power to that location.
• Any vehicle accident that has a downed power line or power pole, but does not hinder rescue or emergency care.

Answer 71

Priority Two: Prohibits Resolution and Could Escalate If Not Controlled

Priority Two incidents include:
• Any electrical problem in a structure that prohibits “fire overhaul” because the main electrical switch cannot be controlled to interrupt power to that location.
• Any vehicle accident that has a downed power line or power pole, but does not hinder rescue or emergency care.

Question 72

Priority Three: Investigations

Priority Three incidents include:

Power outages because of blown fuses, tripped transformer, tree limbs on wires or loose guy wire.

Downed power lines that are not life threatening. Always assume downed lines are energized. Barricades should be placed in a position to protect first responders and the public from electrical contact.

Answer 72

Priority Three: Investigations

Priority Three incidents include:

Power outages because of blown fuses, tripped transformer, tree limbs on wires or loose guy wire.

Downed power lines that are not life threatening. Always assume downed lines are energized. Barricades should be placed in a position to protect first responders and the public from electrical contact.

Question 73

When companies of the Department respond to locations where electrical wires are down or arcing, the Office of Unified Communications shall be notified immediately of the condition found.

If the wire is found already down upon arrival and no fire has resulted, or is likely to result, companies may report in service, provided a member of the Police Department is at the scene to warn persons of the danger.

Answer 73

When companies of the Department respond to locations where electrical wires are down or arcing, the Office of Unified Communications shall be notified immediately of the condition found.

If the wire is found already down upon arrival and no fire has resulted, or is likely to result, companies may report in service, provided a member of the Police Department is at the scene to warn persons of the danger.

Question 74

When a wire is arcing along its length or in the trees, there is a possibility that the wire may fall and ignite a building or other object. If such a condition exists, at least one (1) engine company shall remain at the scene until the arrival of a responsible repair crew. If the location of the wire is such that there is nothing around to ignite and there is a member of the Police Department at the scene to warn persons of the danger, all companies may report in service.

Answer 74

When a wire is arcing along its length or in the trees, there is a possibility that the wire may fall and ignite a building or other object. If such a condition exists, at least one (1) engine company shall remain at the scene until the arrival of a responsible repair crew. If the location of the wire is such that there is nothing around to ignite and there is a member of the Police Department at the scene to warn persons of the danger, all companies may report in service.

Question 75

General Information That Will Assist Pepco Operations Center

Units investigating electrical emergencies are to be mindful of information that will assist Pepco:

• The 10 digit number assigned to the pole closest to the equipment involved or house meter number;
• Street address and development, including cross streets, intersections, roads or landmarks;
• Law enforcement assistance for response through traffic.
• Best route for vehicle to access the scene (any road blocks, traffic conditions);
• Established perimeter; • Any necessary evacuations.

Answer 75

General Information That Will Assist Pepco Operations Center

Units investigating electrical emergencies are to be mindful of information that will assist Pepco:

• The 10 digit number assigned to the pole closest to the equipment involved or house meter number;
• Street address and development, including cross streets, intersections, roads or landmarks;
• Law enforcement assistance for response through traffic.
• Best route for vehicle to access the scene (any road blocks, traffic conditions);
• Established perimeter; • Any necessary evacuations.

Question 76

Water Supply Contingency Plan Utilizing LDH Relays
DCFD Water Supply Engine Company Standard Operating Guidelines

Scope
The following procedures are guidelines for the Water Supply Engine (WSE) when the WSE is dispatched on a Box Alarm or the Water Supply Task Force. The WSEs are assigned to supply the fire ground with an ample supply of water from a location determined based on information available.

Answer 76

Water Supply Contingency Plan Utilizing LDH Relays
DCFD Water Supply Engine Company Standard Operating Guidelines

Scope
The following procedures are guidelines for the Water Supply Engine (WSE) when the WSE is dispatched on a Box Alarm or the Water Supply Task Force. The WSEs are assigned to supply the fire ground with an ample supply of water from a location determined based on information available.

Question 77

Definitions
Water Supply Engine (WSE) - An engine with a supply of LDH hose staffed with a minimum of a Driver
Water Supply Engine Company (WSEC) - a WSE in tandem with shared house Engine Company (E-54 & E-11)
Water Supply Task Force – (3) Water Supply Engine Companies and a Battalion Fire Chief

Answer 77

Definitions
Water Supply Engine (WSE) - An engine with a supply of LDH hose staffed with a minimum of a Driver
Water Supply Engine Company (WSEC) - a WSE in tandem with shared house Engine Company (E-54 & E-11)
Water Supply Task Force – (3) Water Supply Engine Companies and a Battalion Fire Chief

Question 78

Staffing Policy
If extra personnel are available, the Water Supply Engines (WSE) may be staffed as driver only or fully staffed depending on the needs of the Department. Water Supply Engines (WSE) with no assigned staff will operate as a two-piece Engine Company in cooperation with the Engine Company in that station

Answer 78

Staffing Policy
If extra personnel are available, the Water Supply Engines (WSE) may be staffed as driver only or fully staffed depending on the needs of the Department. Water Supply Engines (WSE) with no assigned staff will operate as a two-piece Engine Company in cooperation with the Engine Company in that station

Question 79

Water Supply Task Force

Dispatch

The Water Supply Task Force will be dispatched on all 2nd Alarm incidents or when specifically requested by the Incident Command. This Task Force will be made up of the three closest Water Supply Engines and a BFC.

Answer 79

Water Supply Task Force

Dispatch

The Water Supply Task Force will be dispatched on all 2nd Alarm incidents or when specifically requested by the Incident Command. This Task Force will be made up of the three closest Water Supply Engines and a BFC.

Question 80

• WSE will verbally acknowledge to the Task Force Leader (Note – this is always dispatched as Task Force initially – the IC may designate a Logistics Section Chief later if required or desired under the ICS).
• Radio channel 0A-13 will be the designated channel for the Task Force to operate. The Task Force Leader will communicate with Operations on the Fire Ground Tactical Channel (or the Logistic Chief will communicate with the Incident Commander) to assure the needs of the incident are completed when it concerns Water Supply. The WS Task Force operational channel shall be a different channel, not in the specific Talk Group of the fire ground operational Tactical channel.

Answer 80

• WSE will verbally acknowledge to the Task Force Leader (Note – this is always dispatched as Task Force initially – the IC may designate a Logistics Section Chief later if required or desired under the ICS).
• Radio channel 0A-13 will be the designated channel for the Task Force to operate. The Task Force Leader will communicate with Operations on the Fire Ground Tactical Channel (or the Logistic Chief will communicate with the Incident Commander) to assure the needs of the incident are completed when it concerns Water Supply. The WS Task Force operational channel shall be a different channel, not in the specific Talk Group of the fire ground operational Tactical channel.

Question 81

The following outlines the actions taken by the WSE, WSEC, or the Task Force Leader, depending on the dispatch in establishing a Water Supply on an incident.

Responding
Respond on the Box Alarm: Status I-mobile and acknowledge to the IC on the Tactical channel that the WSE or WSEC is Responding;
• WSE Driver; “Water Supply Engine 54 to Battalion 4, responding with one person ” (or driver only)
• The Engine OIC; “Engine 11 to Battalion 4 responding with Water Supply Engine 54 as the
Water Supply Company”
• Water Supply Task Force Companies will acknowledge the Task Force Leader (BFC) on 0A-13.
• Any WSE on the initial assignment will stay alert for the WS Task force being assigned and then operate on 0A-13.

Answer 81

The following outlines the actions taken by the WSE, WSEC, or the Task Force Leader, depending on the dispatch in establishing a Water Supply on an incident.

Responding
Respond on the Box Alarm: Status I-mobile and acknowledge to the IC on the Tactical channel that the WSE or WSEC is Responding;
• WSE Driver; “Water Supply Engine 54 to Battalion 4, responding with one person ” (or driver only)
• The Engine OIC; “Engine 11 to Battalion 4 responding with Water Supply Engine 54 as the
Water Supply Company”
• Water Supply Task Force Companies will acknowledge the Task Force Leader (BFC) on 0A-13.
• Any WSE on the initial assignment will stay alert for the WS Task force being assigned and then operate on 0A-13.

Question 82

When arriving on Scene
Status I-mobile (arrived) and stage 2 blocks away to allow access to the 3rd and 4th due Engine Company’s position, or the Engines on the outskirt of the incident. Doing so will allow greater flexibility to supply the incident while at the same time not becoming trapped within the incident. While in staging the following should accomplished:

• Identify a water source ideally greater than 1,500 gpm in the area. This can be accomplished in several ways: Initially by contacting the Fire Liaison Officer on Channel C-16 and requesting assistance in locating a high flow hydrant connection or by utilizing the Google Earth on the MDC.

Answer 82

When arriving on Scene
Status I-mobile (arrived) and stage 2 blocks away to allow access to the 3rd and 4th due Engine Company’s position, or the Engines on the outskirt of the incident. Doing so will allow greater flexibility to supply the incident while at the same time not becoming trapped within the incident. While in staging the following should accomplished:

• Identify a water source ideally greater than 1,500 gpm in the area. This can be accomplished in several ways: Initially by contacting the Fire Liaison Officer on Channel C-16 and requesting assistance in locating a high flow hydrant connection or by utilizing the Google Earth on the MDC.

Question 83

• In identifying a water source, obtain the closest high flow hydrant connection (check available flow rates on hydrants, select those greater than 1,000 gpm, yellow or blue marked hydrant) and note the distance, ideally within 1,000 feet or roughly 2 city blocks but not more than the hose bed capacity (1,500ft.).

Answer 83

• In identifying a water source, obtain the closest high flow hydrant connection (check available flow rates on hydrants, select those greater than 1,000 gpm, yellow or blue marked hydrant) and note the distance, ideally within 1,000 feet or roughly 2 city blocks but not more than the hose bed capacity (1,500ft.).

Question 84

When the Incident is declared a Working Fire by the IC.
• The WSE, WSEC or WS Task Force will move to the position of the 3rd or 4th due Engine (or closest Engine on the outer perimeter of the incident) and position to reverse lay from the fireground to the selected water supply that was pre-selected while in staging.
• Whenever a reverse layout is not practicable due to incident geography, a Hydrant to Fire layout will be utilized, consider placement of apparatus.

Answer 84

When the Incident is declared a Working Fire by the IC.
• The WSE, WSEC or WS Task Force will move to the position of the 3rd or 4th due Engine (or closest Engine on the outer perimeter of the incident) and position to reverse lay from the fireground to the selected water supply that was pre-selected while in staging.
• Whenever a reverse layout is not practicable due to incident geography, a Hydrant to Fire layout will be utilized, consider placement of apparatus.

Question 85

• Utilizing 5” LDH allows a minimal flow of 1000 GPM’s depending on the source. Flow can be adjusted up or down as required.

Answer 85

• Utilizing 5” LDH allows a minimal flow of 1000 GPM’s depending on the source. Flow can be adjusted up or down as required.

Question 86

The WSE Driver will remain at the pump panel, monitor the pumps and observe the following for changes and make corrections if needed.

• Intake pressure- Maintain no less than 20 psi. (anything less than 20 psi may cause damage to the water mains)
• Discharge pressure- Calculate to allow 20 psi at the portable hydrant, plus friction loss and elevation differences. If relaying water, figure 20 psi at the next pump the WS relay.
• Maintain Flow- Ensure a constant flow is maintained in the relay to prevent pump damage and the overheating of the pumps in the relay.

Answer 86

The WSE Driver will remain at the pump panel, monitor the pumps and observe the following for changes and make corrections if needed.

• Intake pressure- Maintain no less than 20 psi. (anything less than 20 psi may cause damage to the water mains)
• Discharge pressure- Calculate to allow 20 psi at the portable hydrant, plus friction loss and elevation differences. If relaying water, figure 20 psi at the next pump the WS relay.
• Maintain Flow- Ensure a constant flow is maintained in the relay to prevent pump damage and the overheating of the pumps in the relay.

Question 87

Tower Ladder Operations
Platform is rated at 1000 pounds, at any angle or extension, even while flowing water at maximum capacity.
Capable of flowing 1000 GPM with a full 1000-pound bucket load.

Answer 87

Platform is rated at 1000 pounds, at any angle or extension, even while flowing water at maximum capacity.
Capable of flowing 1000 GPM with a full 1000-pound bucket load.

Question 88

Situations to Request Tower 3

2. 12.1 Working fires in large or commercial buildings
3. 12.2 All 2nd Alarm fires (Automatic in CAD)
4. 12.3 Anticipated heavy-duty operations
5. 12.4 Roof top fires
6. 12.5 Horizontal ventilation or egress challenges
7. 12.6 Attic fires with a steep pitched truss roof
8. 12.7 Proactive RIT or Mayday
9. 12.8 Special Operation alarms including high angle, collapse, and Metro incidents

Answer 88

Situations to Request Tower 3

2. 12.1 Working fires in large or commercial buildings
3. 12.2 All 2nd Alarm fires (Automatic in CAD)
4. 12.3 Anticipated heavy-duty operations
5. 12.4 Roof top fires
6. 12.5 Horizontal ventilation or egress challenges
7. 12.6 Attic fires with a steep pitched truss roof
8. 12.7 Proactive RIT or Mayday
9. 12.8 Special Operation alarms including high angle, collapse, and Metro incidents

Question 89

FIRST RESPONSE TO WATER AND ICE RESCUE INCIDENTS
2. All members operating within ten (10) feet of the edge of a body of water, or anywhere accidental entry is possible, must wear a proper fitting U.S. Coast Guard approved personal flotation device (PFD) or ice rescue suit.

3. All members working within ten (10) feet of the edge of a body of water, or anywhere accidental entry is possible, will work in teams of at least two persons.

Answer 89

FIRST RESPONSE TO WATER AND ICE RESCUE INCIDENTS
2. All members operating within ten (10) feet of the edge of a body of water, or anywhere accidental entry is possible, must wear a proper fitting U.S. Coast Guard approved personal flotation device (PFD) or ice rescue suit.

3. All members working within ten (10) feet of the edge of a body of water, or anywhere accidental entry is possible, will work in teams of at least two persons.

Question 90

4. Turnout gear/PPE, including firefighting helmets, will not be worn within twenty (20) feet of a body of water, even if the member is wearing a personal flotation device (PFD), during a Water and Ice Rescue Incident.

Answer 90

4. Turnout gear/PPE, including firefighting helmets, will not be worn within twenty (20) feet of a body of water, even if the member is wearing a personal flotation device (PFD), during a Water and Ice Rescue Incident.

Question 91

Throw a “throw bag” line to the victim utilizing an under-hand throw aimed at the victim’s chest area. This method is effective up to approximately sixty (60) feet.

Answer 91

Throw a “throw bag” line to the victim utilizing an under-hand throw aimed at the victim’s chest area. This method is effective up to approximately sixty (60) feet.

Question 92

GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSE TO WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION INCIDENTS
Command, Control, and Communications:

1. Establish a command post upwind/uphill from the incident in an area that does not interfere with the operational aspects of the incident.
2. Place Level III Accountability in effect.
3. Utilize specially trained/equipped companies/units where appropriate (First Battalion companies, Rescue Squads, and Rapid Response units have been equipped with chemical/biological personal protective equipment (PPE)

Answer 92

GUIDELINES FOR RESPONSE TO WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION INCIDENTS
Command, Control, and Communications:

1. Establish a command post upwind/uphill from the incident in an area that does not interfere with the operational aspects of the incident.
2. Place Level III Accountability in effect.
3. Utilize specially trained/equipped companies/units where appropriate (First Battalion companies, Rescue Squads, and Rapid Response units have been equipped with chemical/biological personal protective equipment (PPE)

Question 93

Staging:

With the exception of the First Due Engine Company, all other units dispatched on a WMD incident should initially stage at one location a minimum of 2 blocks upwind and uphill of the reported incident. If explosive material is involved, units should stage a minimum of 1500 feet from the incident. Units should not stage in direct line of sight of the incident and should position their apparatus behind buildings or natural barriers and away from glass windows.

Answer 93

Staging:

With the exception of the First Due Engine Company, all other units dispatched on a WMD incident should initially stage at one location a minimum of 2 blocks upwind and uphill of the reported incident. If explosive material is involved, units should stage a minimum of 1500 feet from the incident. Units should not stage in direct line of sight of the incident and should position their apparatus behind buildings or natural barriers and away from glass windows.

Question 94

MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS
A Mass Casualty Incident (MCI), as defined in this Bulletin, is any ülcident:
A. With nüle (9) or neore patients.
B. Must be declared as a Mass Casualty Incident.

Answer 94

MASS CASUALTY INCIDENTS
A Mass Casualty Incident (MCI), as defined in this Bulletin, is any ülcident:
A. With nüle (9) or neore patients.
B. Must be declared as a Mass Casualty Incident.

Question 95

Mass Casualty Support Units: Supplies to treat up to 50-victims.
Ambulance Buses: Can transport 8-stretchers & 12-ambulatory pts.

Answer 95

Mass Casualty Support Units: Supplies to treat up to 50-victims.
Ambulance Buses: Can transport 8-stretchers & 12-ambulatory pts.

Question 96

** Hospitals located inside the Beltway can accommodate approximately 125 patients.”

Answer 96

** Hospitals located inside the Beltway can accommodate approximately 125 patients.”

Question 97

STANDARD OPERATION GUIDELINES FOR AIR BAG-EQUIPPED VEHICLES
2. The sensor, which is the device that tells the air bag to inflate. The air bag inflates at a collision force equal to running into a brick wall at 10-14 miles per hour.

Answer 97

STANDARD OPERATION GUIDELINES FOR AIR BAG-EQUIPPED VEHICLES
2. The sensor, which is the device that tells the air bag to inflate. The air bag inflates at a collision force equal to running into a brick wall at 10-14 miles per hour.

Question 98

he bag then literally bursts from its storage site at up a speed of up to 200 miles per hour.

Answer 98

he bag then literally bursts from its storage site at up a speed of up to 200 miles per hour.

Question 99

Q3. Is there any sodium azide in the residue? Is it harmful?

There is no detectable amount of sodium azide residue present in the passenger compartment after an air bag deployment.

Answer 99

Q3. Is there any sodium azide in the residue? Is it harmful?

There is no detectable amount of sodium azide residue present in the passenger compartment after an air bag deployment.

Question 100

FIRST RESPONSE TO STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE INCIDENTS

1. Units, with the exception of the first due Engine Company, shall initially stage at one location a minimum of 1500 feet from the incident.

Answer 100

FIRST RESPONSE TO STRUCTURAL COLLAPSE INCIDENTS

1. Units, with the exception of the first due Engine Company, shall initially stage at one location a minimum of 1500 feet from the incident.

Question 101

l . First Arriving Engine Company: Shall secure the scene and perform initial Size-up.

(a) The first due engine company shall cautiously approach the area and shall stop a minimum of 500 feet from the incident scene or where debris/damage is first encountered and a size-up report shall be given from this location on the tactical channel per current radio procedures. If the incident can not be viewed from this location, personnel will proceed cautiously on foot.
(b) Gather and direct ambulatory victims to treatment and triage areas outside of the collapse zone.

Answer 101

l . First Arriving Engine Company: Shall secure the scene and perform initial Size-up.

(a) The first due engine company shall cautiously approach the area and shall stop a minimum of 500 feet from the incident scene or where debris/damage is first encountered and a size-up report shall be given from this location on the tactical channel per current radio procedures. If the incident can not be viewed from this location, personnel will proceed cautiously on foot.
(b) Gather and direct ambulatory victims to treatment and triage areas outside of the collapse zone.

Question 102

ruck Company: Shall be responsible for safety.

(a) Establish Level Ill Accountability.
(b) Establish exclusionary zone around and adjacent to the affected area to prevent entry and remove civilians from the immediate area.
(c) Establish a “collapse zone” at least I and 1/2 times the total height of the structure.
(d) Eliminate sources of vibration at least 500 feet in all directions initially. Restrict traffic, commercial rail lines, METRO, construction work, etc., as needed.

Answer 102

ruck Company: Shall be responsible for safety.

(a) Establish Level Ill Accountability.
(b) Establish exclusionary zone around and adjacent to the affected area to prevent entry and remove civilians from the immediate area.
(c) Establish a “collapse zone” at least I and 1/2 times the total height of the structure.
(d) Eliminate sources of vibration at least 500 feet in all directions initially. Restrict traffic, commercial rail lines, METRO, construction work, etc., as needed.

Question 103

(e) Shut-off gas, electric, and water to affected structures if it can be accomplished safely prior to the arrival of collapse rescue team personnel.

Answer 103

(e) Shut-off gas, electric, and water to affected structures if it can be accomplished safely prior to the arrival of collapse rescue team personnel.

Question 104

FIRST RESPONSE TO CONFINED SPACE EMERGENCIES

• Position apparatus no closer than 100 feet. Shut down vehicle engines.

Answer 104

FIRST RESPONSE TO CONFINED SPACE EMERGENCIES

• Position apparatus no closer than 100 feet. Shut down vehicle engines.

Question 105

1. Engine Company: Shall secure the scene and perform initial Size-up.

(a) Establish Level III accountability.
(b) Establish exclusionary zone around and adjacent to the entry portal until a hazard assessment and atmospheric monitoring have been completed.
(c) Locate and secure the job site foreman and/or reliable witnesses.

Answer 105

1. Engine Company: Shall secure the scene and perform initial Size-up.

(a) Establish Level III accountability.
(b) Establish exclusionary zone around and adjacent to the entry portal until a hazard assessment and atmospheric monitoring have been completed.
(c) Locate and secure the job site foreman and/or reliable witnesses.

Question 106

2. Truck Company: Shall be responsible for removal of electric power, ventilation, and safety.
   (a) Remove electrical power and place all fixed mechanical devices and equipment capable of causing injury in a “zero mechanical state” if this can be done without entering the space.

Answer 106

2. Truck Company: Shall be responsible for removal of electric power, ventilation, and safety.
   (a) Remove electrical power and place all fixed mechanical devices and equipment capable of causing injury in a “zero mechanical state” if this can be done without entering the space.

Question 107

Non Permit Required Confined Space - after the procedures established above have been completed, and if it can be absolutely determined that the space is not a “permit” required space (i.e., presents no atmospheric or physical hazards), entry by non-confined space certified personnel can be approved by the Incident Commander under the following conditions:

1. The victim must be visible from the entrance to the confined space and no more than 25 feet in any direction from the entrance to the space.
2. Specialized rescue equipment and/or procedures will not be required to gain access or egress to or from the space.

Answer 107

Non Permit Required Confined Space - after the procedures established above have been completed, and if it can be absolutely determined that the space is not a “permit” required space (i.e., presents no atmospheric or physical hazards), entry by non-confined space certified personnel can be approved by the Incident Commander under the following conditions:

1. The victim must be visible from the entrance to the confined space and no more than 25 feet in any direction from the entrance to the space.
2. Specialized rescue equipment and/or procedures will not be required to gain access or egress to or from the space.

Question 108

Closest Engine Company
• Positions apparatus at pre-designated hydrant.
• Positions crew at brass board.
• Establishes Level III accountability.
• Records position of brass tags on brass board.

Answer 108

Closest Engine Company
• Positions apparatus at pre-designated hydrant.
• Positions crew at brass board.
• Establishes Level III accountability.
• Records position of brass tags on brass board.

Question 109

Closest Truck Company
• Locates Foreman and Safety Manager.
• Works with Haz-Mat and confirms the vent systems are operating.
• Determine direction of air movement

Answer 109

Closest Truck Company
• Locates Foreman and Safety Manager.
• Works with Haz-Mat and confirms the vent systems are operating.
• Determine direction of air movement

Question 110

FIRST RESPONSE TO TRENCH/EXCAVATION COLLAPSE INCIDENTS
1. Responding companies shall position apparatus no closer than 200’ to the trench/excavation.

2. All apparatus shall be shut down. All construction equipment on the site shall be left in position and shut down.

Answer 110

FIRST RESPONSE TO TRENCH/EXCAVATION COLLAPSE INCIDENTS
1. Responding companies shall position apparatus no closer than 200’ to the trench/excavation.

2. All apparatus shall be shut down. All construction equipment on the site shall be left in position and shut down.

Question 111

Standard Operating Guidelines for Response to Incidents Involving Streetcars

Traction power sub-stations (TPSS) supply the catenary system. They take in 13,000v AC from PEPCO, step it down to 750 volts and covert it to DC voltage. The catenary lines are supported over the rails by catenary poles at a height of approximately 20 feet from grade.

Answer 111

Standard Operating Guidelines for Response to Incidents Involving Streetcars

Traction power sub-stations (TPSS) supply the catenary system. They take in 13,000v AC from PEPCO, step it down to 750 volts and covert it to DC voltage. The catenary lines are supported over the rails by catenary poles at a height of approximately 20 feet from grade.

Question 112

**As with any high voltage power line, personnel (and equipment) must maintain a safe distance of a minimum of 10’ away from the catenary power lines at all times when energized.

Answer 112

**As with any high voltage power line, personnel (and equipment) must maintain a safe distance of a minimum of 10’ away from the catenary power lines at all times when energized.

Question 113

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 11 June 2021

RESPONSE TO MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS WITH ENTRAPMENT

engine noise.

2. 16 At least one charged 1 ½” hose line shall be placed in-service to protect victims and rescuers during any extrication procedure.
3. 17 At least one charged 1 ½” hose line shall be placed in-service at any incident where flammable liquids have been released or there is a potential for release.
4. 18 A dry chemical extinguisher shall be made available in a conspicuous location outside the inner circle at all times.

Answer 113

Rescue Operations Bulletin No. 11 June 2021

RESPONSE TO MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS WITH ENTRAPMENT
engine noise.
2.16 At least one charged 1 ½” hose line shall be placed in-service to protect victims and rescuers during any extrication procedure.
2.17 At least one charged 1 ½” hose line shall be placed in-service at any incident where flammable liquids have been released or there is a potential for release.
2.18 A dry chemical extinguisher shall be made available in a conspicuous location outside the inner circle at all times.

Question 114

Inner Circle – A work area established around the vehicle(s), extending at least ten to fifteen feet in all directions.

3. 6 Motor Vehicle Rescue Assignment (MVR) – The computer-based dispatch code assigned for reported motor vehicle accidents with entrapment, a rollover, or an ejection.
4. 8 Pinned – When a patient is entangled in or impinged upon by displaced metal or wreckage.
5. 9 Trapped – When an occupant is confined within a vehicle because of damage to the vehicle or when something blocks the means of egress.

Answer 114

Inner Circle – A work area established around the vehicle(s), extending at least ten to fifteen feet in all directions.

3. 6 Motor Vehicle Rescue Assignment (MVR) – The computer-based dispatch code assigned for reported motor vehicle accidents with entrapment, a rollover, or an ejection.
4. 8 Pinned – When a patient is entangled in or impinged upon by displaced metal or wreckage.
5. 9 Trapped – When an occupant is confined within a vehicle because of damage to the vehicle or when something blocks the means of egress.

Question 115

4. 2 Engine Company
5. 2.1 Positions apparatus upstream of the incident to create a safe operating area. Positioning should take into account traffic flow, rescue squad access, pump panel location, accident scene hazards, possible runoff, and line deployment.
   
   4. 2.2 Ensures water supply as needed.
   5. 2.3 Provides adequate access and egress from the scene for emergency vehicles.
   6. 2.4 Initiates patient care and triage.
   7. 2.5 Ensures fire suppression equipment is in place.
6. 2.5.1 During any extrication procedure, at least one charged hose line must be in place to protect victims and rescuers.
7. 2.6 Immediately identifies and mitigates life safety hazards and secures minor hazards.
   
   4. 2.7 Mitigates fuel and other hazardous fluid spills.

Answer 115

4. 2 Engine Company
5. 2.1 Positions apparatus upstream of the incident to create a safe operating area. Positioning should take into account traffic flow, rescue squad access, pump panel location, accident scene hazards, possible runoff, and line deployment.
   
   4. 2.2 Ensures water supply as needed.
   5. 2.3 Provides adequate access and egress from the scene for emergency vehicles.
   6. 2.4 Initiates patient care and triage.
   7. 2.5 Ensures fire suppression equipment is in place.
6. 2.5.1 During any extrication procedure, at least one charged hose line must be in place to protect victims and rescuers.
7. 2.6 Immediately identifies and mitigates life safety hazards and secures minor hazards.
   
   4. 2.7 Mitigates fuel and other hazardous fluid spills.

Question 116

4. 2 Engine Company
5. 2.1 Positions apparatus upstream of the incident to create a safe operating area. Positioning should take into account traffic flow, rescue squad access, pump panel location, accident scene hazards, possible runoff, and line deployment.
   
   4. 2.2 Ensures water supply as needed.
   5. 2.3 Provides adequate access and egress from the scene for emergency vehicles.
   6. 2.4 Initiates patient care and triage.
   7. 2.5 Ensures fire suppression equipment is in place.
6. 2.5.1 During any extrication procedure, at least one charged hose line must be in place to protect victims and rescuers.
7. 2.6 Immediately identifies and mitigates life safety hazards and secures minor hazards.
   
   4. 2.7 Mitigates fuel and other hazardous fluid spills.

Answer 116

4. 2 Engine Company
5. 2.1 Positions apparatus upstream of the incident to create a safe operating area. Positioning should take into account traffic flow, rescue squad access, pump panel location, accident scene hazards, possible runoff, and line deployment.
   
   4. 2.2 Ensures water supply as needed.
   5. 2.3 Provides adequate access and egress from the scene for emergency vehicles.
   6. 2.4 Initiates patient care and triage.
   7. 2.5 Ensures fire suppression equipment is in place.
6. 2.5.1 During any extrication procedure, at least one charged hose line must be in place to protect victims and rescuers.
7. 2.6 Immediately identifies and mitigates life safety hazards and secures minor hazards.
   
   4. 2.7 Mitigates fuel and other hazardous fluid spills.