Operational Directives Flashcards
1
Q
What are the operational directives designed to establish?
A
A predictable course of action on the emergency scene
2
Q
What are the dispatch call centers and their designation?
A
100 - Fort Collins Dispatch
200 - Loveland Dispatch
500 - CSU Dispatch
900 - Larimer County Dispatch
3
Q
What are the responsibilities of the IC?
Command Basics
A
Establish command Conduct a size-up Develop strategic goals and tactical objectives Communications Engage
4
Q
What are the three command options of the first arriving officer?
A
Investigative option
Fast attack
Command only
5
Q
What are the Incident Priorities?
A
Life safety
Incident stabilization
Property conservation
6
Q
What is a size-up?
A
An evaluation of what has happened, what is happening and what is likely to happen
7
Q
What is the definition of strategy?
A
What needs to be accomplished
8
Q
What is the definition of tactics
A
How things will be accomplished
9
Q
What are PFAs benchmarks?
A
360 Complete Primary All Clear Fire Control Secondary All Clear Loss Stopped
10
Q
What benchmarks are used for vehicle extrications, wildfire, and mass casualties?
A
All patients removed
Fire contained
All patients triaged
11
Q
What is the PFA risk profile?
A
We may risk our lives a lot, in a highly calculated manner, to protect savable lives.
We may risk our lives a little, in a highly calculated manner, to protect savable property.
We will not risk our lives at all to save lives or property that is already lost.
12
Q
Where do units stage on a scene of an incident?
A
Approximately one block away from the scene that provide for maximum tactical options
13
Q
Who become the SAM (Staging Area Manager)
A
The first arriving PFA unit assigned to staging becomes the SAM or the first arriving off-duty PFA member
14
Q
What are the responsibilities of the SAM (Staging Area Manager)?
A
Track personnel checking in or assigned from staging
Assembles firefighters into crews
Ensures staged crews are properly equipped ready for assignment
15
Q
Factors to consider when moving apparatus for system coverage
A
Location of major incidents
Available resources
Anticipated out-of-service time for apparatus already on calls
Volunteer and mutual-aid companies available
Anticipated call types
16
Q
When will level 3 dispatching take place?
A
When upgrading to a 3rd alarm fire
At the request of a BC or Systems Officer
17
Q
How many fire engines are dispatched to a: 2nd Alarm fire 3rd Alarm fire 4th Alarm fire 5th Alarm fire 6th Alarm fire
A
2nd alarm = 5 engines 3rd alarm = 7 engines 4th alarm = 9 engines 5th alarm = 11 engines 6th alarm = 13 engines
18
Q
Where are map books kept for incoming mutual aid apparatus?
A
Stations 5, 10 and 12
19
Q
What information should a captain receive prior to responding to a mutual aid call to another agency?
(5 things)
A
Type of incident Agency requesting mutual aid Incident or staging location Radio frequency assignment Logistical support from PFA BC as needed
20
Q
PFA Captain shall cease company engagement on a mutual aid assignment when:
A
Conditions at the incident do not fit the risk profile
Physical needs and rehab of personnel are not being met
21
Q
Mutual aid request or response should be terminated when what exists?
(4 things)
A
The IC releases the crew
Conditions at the incident continue to subject PFA personnel to situations that do not fit the Risk Profile
PFA needs its personnel and/or equipment in its own jurisdiction
Providing mutual aid and assistance at an emergency scene ends after 12 hours
22
Q
What does a PFA unit need to do while en route to an automatic aid incident?
A
Request a run number from 100
23
Q
Primary objectives for any operation at a roadway incident:
4 things
A
Preserving life
Preventing injury to responders
Protecting property
Restoring traffic flow
24
Q
What are the five areas of a Temporary Traffic Control Zone?
A
Advanced warning Transition Buffer Work Termination
25
What distance should you deploy traffic cones?
1 foot for every 1 mph of posted speed
26
Six locations where an extra engine is dispatched as a blocking engine for MVAs:
```
Hwy 287 from 54G to the north end of the district
Hwy 14 west of Teds Place
Hwy 14 east of Timberline
I-25
College Ave south of Harmony Rd
Harmony Rd east of Ziegler Rd
```
27
All tender responses shall be non-emergent unless one or both of the following occur:
An emergent response is requested by the IC
The tender is responding directly behind an engine that is responding emergent
28
Truck officers should consider the following when placing apparatus:
```
Extent and location of fire
Most dangerous direction of fire spread
Fire confinement
Exposure conditions
Overhead obstructions
Structural conditions
```
29
If a building is 4 stories or less the truck should park:
Further away from the structure. Outside of the engine
30
If a building is 5 or more stories in height the truck should park:
Closer to the building. Inside of the engine
31
On HAZMAT incidents, a first arriving engine should not be driven directly into the without:
The material involved first being identified
32
What four things should an apparatus be aware of when approaching a HAZMAT scene:
Stop well short of the scene so you're not being contaminated
Don't stop or park over manhole covers
Approach from the upwind side
Approach from the uphill side
33
Who is responsible for firefighter accountability?
All personnel beginning with the individual firefighter and ending with the IC
34
What three aspects does the PFA accountability system include?
Chain of command
Accountability system
Procedures for accountability
35
What is unity of command?
Each responder is under the direct supervision of one supervisor
36
What four basic components make up the PFA accountability system?
Tactical worksheets
Tracking of elapsed time
Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)
Emergency traffic
37
PARs shall be performed when?
Lost or trapped firefighter
After reports of building collapse
When changing operations from offensive or defensive
As determined by the IC
38
Emergency traffic shall be used when:
A firefighter is lost or trapped
A confirmed or threatened building collapse
When changing strategies
39
The four elements of accountability include:
Defined crew size. 2-4
Crew identification
Crew staging
Emergency scene tracking
40
When shall crews communicate to command when making entry or egress within a structure?
Any time a SCBA must be worn into an IDLH
41
Group/Division supervisors should know:
Position, progress and needs of the crews
Stay within visual or radio contact with crews assigned to them
42
Captain and crew leaders should stay within:
Visual, voice, touch or radio contact with crew members
43
What does an emergency scene perimeter do?
It establishes an area of safety for our firefighters and our customers. It separates areas of danger and relative safety
44
Once an area scene perimeter is established, all personnel entering the area shall:
```
Wear pipe
Have crew intact with a portable radio
Be assigned to a group or division
Have an assignment or directive
Have a safety officer watching personnel working
```
45
When shall an emergency evacuation notification be made?
Whenever deteriorating conditions, imminent structural collapse or similar conditions endanger firefighters working in or around the emergency scene perimeter
46
What are the emergency evacuation signals for the PFA?
Emergency traffic notification over the radio and three short blasts with the air horn
47
What are the Emergency Evacuation Procedures
Command broadcasts the emergency tones over the pertinent frequencies
Command announces need for immediate evacuation
3 short air horn blasts
All supervisors immediately evacuate their crews from the structure or area of danger
Conduct and report your PARs
48
Whose responsibility is it that proper PPE is worn during an emergency operation?
Each firefighter along with his/her supervisor
49
SCBAs reduces the risk of injury from contact with:
Products of combustion, superheated gases, toxic products and other hazardous contaminants
50
SCBAs shall be worn when:
In an active fire area
Directly above an active fire area
In a potentially explosive or fire area, gas leaks and fuel spills
Where combustible products are visible, i.e. Vehicle and dumpster fires
Where invisible contaminants are present: CO or HCN
Where toxic products are present
In any confined space
51
Respiratory protection shall be worn until:
Air monitor readings are 0 ppm
52
PFA firefighters shall be required to meet these criteria for SCBA use:
Personnel are to be trained and certified in the use, care and maintenance of the SCBA
Undergo a department fitness exam at least every four years
Facial hair that interferes with the face-piece seal shall not be allowed
Only approved eyewear and eyeglass mounts are to be worn inside the face-piece
53
What section of ICS oversees rehab?
Logistics. If it is not set up yet then the SAM directs the rehab area
54
The location of rehab should provide:
Physical rest
An area where PPE can be removed
Protection from the elements
Water and other fluid to rehydrate personnel
EMS personnel and equipment to monitor PFA crews
55
Rehab guidelines:
| 4 items
Rehab should be set up away from staging
Personnel sent to rehab enter and exit as a crew
Food should be provided at incidents where work is being done for 3 or more hrs
Firefighters should go to rehab after 45 minutes of work or whenever two air bottles are depleted
56
What is the responsibility of the Incident Safety Officer?
To focus on the safety of emergency operations and provide the IC with needed safety information and recommendations
57
The following conditions require an Incident Safety Officer to be assigned:
Second or greater alarm incident
A firefighter injury requires transport or a line-of-duty-death occurs
Whenever firefighters must take extreme risks or the IC wants
58
If the Incident Safety Officer finds activities falling outside the Risk Profile:
He has the authority to terminate or suspend the actions via face to face or radio communications
59
The Incident Safety Officer should review the IAP and provide a risk assessment based on the plan. Additionally, the ISO ensures or evaluates the following:
Provides the IC with reports on conditions, hazards, risks
Makes sure an accountability system is in place
Determines the need for collapse zones, hot zones, and/or safety zones
Ensures a RIC is in place
Advises the IC on potential building collapse, fire extension, rapid fire progress, and access and egress
Ensures rehab is set up
Monitors vehicle traffic near the incident
60
What are the three Code Numbers where clear speech may not be appropriate over the radio?
Code 4 - All clear, scene is secure
Code 6 - Request for PD assistance. Law enforcement is dispatched without further information asked from 100
Code 8 - Crazy person
61
```
After action reviews are training tools to discuss and learn from incidents. The responsibility for conducting them are as follows:
Company level-
Shift level-
Multiple alarm-
Firefighter LODD or serious injury-
```
Company level - Discretion of Captain
Shift level - Discretion of BC
Multiple Alarm Incident (3rd or greater) - Required
LODD or serious injury - Required
62
First arriving PFA unit is responsible for what initial operations?
(6 things)
Establish command
Conduct a Size-Up
Develop strategic goals and tactical objectives
Communicate IAP to other units
Ensure orders and assignments are understood
Engage
63
Structure Fire initial arrival report consists of:
Size (small, medium, large)
Height (2 or 3 story with the garden level being floor 1)
Occupancy type or common name
Conditions (nothing showing, light smoke, smoke showing, working fire)
360
Alpha side
Command
64
Wildland fire initial arrival report consists of:
```
Size
Behavior
Fuels
Rate of spread
Direction of spread
Threats
Actions
Command
```
65
Structure fire follow up report:
```
360 complete
Update description (basement, fire location)
Update actions
Update needs
Determine strategy
```
66
Wildland fire follow up report:
Update changes or corrections to size, fire conditions, exposures
Determine strategy
Assignments
67
What are the 5 structure fire benchmarks?
```
360 Complete
Primary All Clear
Fire Control
Secondary All Clear
Loss Stopped
```
68
What are the two offensive strategy options available for the IC?
Initiating an aggressive interior attack
| Resetting the fire from the exterior followed by an interior attack
69
Second arriving engine's responsibilities may include:
```
Performing a reset
Deploying a primary attack line
Water supply
Supplying standpipes, sprinkler systems, or master streams
Two-out
Performing door control
```
70
Third arriving engine company's assignments may include:
```
Resetting the fire
Deploying an attack line
Two-out
Water Supply
Door Control
Supplying standpipes, sprinkler systems, or master streams
Rapid Intervention Crew RIC
```
71
Support Company functions at a fire may include:
```
Forcible entry
Search and Rescue
Anti-ventilation and/or door control
Laddering the building
Ventilation
Salvage and overhaul
Assisting with fire cause determination
```
72
What is Two-in/Two-out?
Requires a minimum of a two person crew, to be positioned inside the emergency scene perimeter, properly equipped and ready to make entry. This crew is prepositioned outside the structure in the non IDLH area.
73
When are exceptions allowed for not having a Two Out in place?
Structure fires in the incipient stage
Structure fires involving a known rescue
Structure fires that may be fought from a non IDLH
74
What is the definition of VEIS?
Venting or opening up a smaller room or tenable area of the structure, allowing the smoke to vent and entering to isolate the room and quickly performing a search.
75
How long should a Two-out be in place?
Until Incident Stabilization is achieved
76
Ventilation provides the following benefits:
Increases the chance of victim survival
Increases firefighter safety
Improves visibility and increases the effectiveness of interior operations
77
What is a ventilation limited fire?
A fire which the heat release rate and fire growth are regulated by the available oxygen within the space
78
What is flow path?
Is the movement of heat and smoke from the higher pressure within the fire area toward the lower pressure areas accessible by doors, window openings, and roof structures. Unless the thermal layering is disturbed, hot air travels out from the top and cool air travels in at the bottom. (Uni-directional or Bi-directional)
79
What are actions firefighters can perform to prevent a rapid fire progression?
Maintain door control by reducing air flow
Control ventilation of windows
Get sufficient water on the fire as quickly as possible or into the gas layers
80
What 7 considerations should be considered in a ventilation size-up?
What is the purpose of the opening?
Wind direction
Location of fire and smoke. Is this a vent limited fire?
Is ventilation needed?
Where are the victims most likely located?
Where is the attack line located?
Where are firefighters on the interior located and are they ready for ventilation?
81
What are the 3 Cs of ventilation?
Controlled
Coordinated
Communicated
82
When is anti-ventilation the optimum strategy?
| 4 items
A charged hose line is not in place to attack the fire
Vent opening may spread the fire into roof spaces
A vent limited fire might advance towards a rapid fire progression event
A clear objective or reason to create an opening has yet to be identified
83
What are the five types of hose lines used at the PFA?
```
Attack line
Two-Out line
Exposure line
Back-up line
Overhaul line
```
84
What hoseline placements are utilized in the offensive strategy?
Hoselines are utilized and advanced to "reset" the fire when vent limited conditions exist and when a fire has self-vented
Hoselines control and extinguish the fire
Hoselines are placed between the the fire and exposed occupants
Hoselines control the means of egress such as hallways and stairways
85
Hoseline placement for Defensive strategy fires
Hoseline size and location depend on available water supply
Hoselines protect exposures and limit fire spread
Hoselines confine and extinguish the fire to the building of origin
86
The decision to advance a Two-Out line can be made by who?
The officer on the attack hoseline
Group or Division Supt
The IC
The officer in charge of the Two-Out
87
What size should back-up and two-out line be?
Equal or greater size than the attack line.
88
What are the five types of hose lines used at the PFA?
```
Attack line
Two-Out line
Exposure line
Back-up line
Overhaul line
```
89
What hoseline placements are utilized in the offensive strategy?
Hoselines are utilized and advanced to "reset" the fire when vent limited conditions exist and when a fire has self-vented
Hoselines control and extinguish the fire
Hoselines are placed between the the fire and exposed occupants
Hoselines control the means of egress such as hallways and stairways
90
Hoseline placement for Defensive strategy fires
Hoseline size and location depend on available water supply
Hoselines protect exposures and limit fire spread
Hoselines confine and extinguish the fire to the building of origin
91
The decision to advance a Two-Out line can be made by who?
The officer on the attack hoseline
Group or Division Supt
The IC
The officer in charge of the Two-Out
92
What size should back-up and two-out line be?
Equal or greater size than the attack line.
93
Methods of protecting search crews include:
| 5 items
Recognition and mitigation of vent limited conditions (resetting the fire)
Identifying and controlling flow paths
Positioning of hoselines to protect search crews
Establishing a two-out crew as soon as possible
Identifying and hardening alternate means of egress
94
A primary search is completed when:
All occupants are found and removed from the structure
No occupants are found during the search
95
What is a primary search?
A rapid search of all involved and exposed areas of a fire building. It shall be conducted in all tenable areas of the building.
96
What is a RIC (Rapid Intervention Crew)?
A properly equipped crew that is immediately deplorable for life-safety emergencies. Rescue of an injured, trapped or lost firefighter, or to another situation as determined by the IC
97
How many people make up a RIC?
At least 3
98
Who does the RIC operate under?
Command.
99
What types of incidents shall a RIC be required?
```
Structure fires
HAZMAT incidents
Trench rescue
Confined space
Any other incidents having significant risk to firefighters
```
100
What critical safety tasks does a RIC do during their size-up?
6 things
Ensure egress means are established and maintained
Secondary means of egress are identified
Ground ladders are placed to windows above the first story
An adequate "two-out" is in place
A second ladder is placed to the roof
Utilities are secured
101
Who and what radio channels should be monitored by the RIC crew?
The captain should monitor the incident's tactical talk group
One crew member should monitor LC Mayday talk group
102
What are some ways to reduce the chances of being lost or trapped?
(5 things)
Be assigned to a Group or Division
Have an assignment or objective from command
Keep crew intact and have at least one radio
Wear protective gear and practice air management
Keep crews in visual, voice or touch contact
103
What is the ESCAPE acronym?
```
Emergency reverse
Secondary egress
Call a MAYDAY
Activate PASS
Perform breach
Easy breathe
```
104
What is the procedure when activating a MAYDAY?
```
Press the big orange button BOB
Say "Mayday" 3 times
Give a NUCAN
Command should repeat NUCAN
Emergency tone generator should transmit w/ brief situation descript.
RIC is deployed
```
105
What is the "NUCAN"?
```
Name
Unit
Conditions
Actions/Air
Needs
```
106
What two things should a Captain consider when being assigned water supply?
Radio hydrant location and direction of of lay
Consider doing a reverse lay to reduce fire scene congestion
107
Water tender operations should have enough space for what?
```
Supply engine
Portable water tanks
Tender approach
Tender off-loading
Tender departure
```
108
Supply engine Captain should assume the role of Water Supply Officer. What factors should be considered?
5 things
Sustained flow of 200-300 gpm
Will it be a nursing operation from a tender or a porta tank op
For extended ops, a minimum of three tenders required
Assign water supply engine FF to set up and manage refill site
Consider using a static water source to draft from to shorten refill time
Calculate tender cycle times and notify command of available water flows
109
Roof operations shall have how many means of egress prior to cutting holes in roof?
2
110
Why should a ladder be placed to floors above the first floor during a fire?
To give interior crews an alternate or emergency exit. It's location shall be aired when placed into position.
111
How should PFA personnel shut off electrical utilities to a structure?
With switches and breakers on panels or boxes only
112
On structures other than single family homes, how should the electric be turned off?
It should be accomplished or checked by the proper utility company
113
On an automatic alarm, with no fire or smoke showing, the first arriving PFA unit should:
(4 things)
Perform a size-up
Assign units as needed
Investigate to attempt to determine the cause of alarm
The cause of alarm must be documented in NFIRS
114
When going to PVH for an automatic alarm, first arriving units should:
(5 things)
```
Respond to the SE entrance of bldg F
Assume command
Make contact with PVH security
Check the fire system alarm panel and PVH site plan book to determine exact location
Assign resources
```
115
What has a priority to supply, standpipes or sprinkler systems?
Standpipes, when interior firefighting ops are conducted
116
What shall apparatus be connected to when pumping to sprinkler or standpipe FDCs?
It's own fire hydrant
117
What do commercial and multi-family structures that are 4 or more stories in height generally have in the stairwells?
Standpipes
118
What three problems occur most frequently on high-rise fires?
Difficulties of access
Complexities of construction
Numbers of occupants
119
What is considered a high-rise in PFAs area?
Any building over 75' in height
120
What are the two command options for the first arriving IC?
Investigative
| Fast attack
121
What is the first arriving engine responsible for on a high-rise?
Reconnaissance and fire attack on the fire floor
122
What is the second arriving engine responsible for on a high-rise?
Setting up Lobby Control and Stairwell, and to provide water supply to the system
123
What is the third arriving engine responsible for at a high-rise?
For a second hoseline, prepositioned in a non-IDLH area for two in two out, to reinforce the attack, or to attack the floor above
124
What is the fourth arriving engine responsible for in a high rise?
Set up the base of the operations. Normally two floors below the fire. Level II staging and to support stairwell ops
125
What are support companies responsible for in a high-rise?
Support ops on the fire floor and floor above, also recon, and for ventilation
126
What is Attack (first and third engines) responsible for in a high-rise?
Check the annunciator panel
Take only needed Knox box keys
Communicate plan to others
Take extra cylinders, the hose packs, irons, imager, high rise bag
Ascend the stairs and check standpipes on way up
Determine what is burning, where it is, and what it will take to extinguish
Communicate to the IC or BC
127
What is Lobby Control, Stairwell and Supply responsible for in a high-rise?
Establish a water supply (reverse out, strip engine of necessary tools, protect hose from falling glass)
Get control of the building (elevators, keys from Knox, re-check panel, HVAC system)
Lobby Control is directing crews to appropriate stairwell, and ensure accountability by tracking crews)
Set-up Stairwell by selecting appropriate stairwell for attack and rescue, ventilate stairwell, and get equipment moving up to the staging area
128
What is BASE responsible for (4th engine) in a high rise?
Establish Level II staging outside of the building which includes equipment and crews ready for assignment
Establish Base ops two floors below fire attack for remote filling of cylinders, rehab, supplies and crews ready for assignment
129
What are support operations responsible for during a high-rise?
One crew should be assigned to recon floor above fire floor while making a ventilation assessment and recon on fire floor
Ventilation of floors as well as stairwells and determination of stairwells for rescue vs firefighting
Vertical rescue with aerials if needed
130
What is the rescue order for victims in structures of 1-3 stories in height?
Those victims most immediately threatened
The largest concentration of victims in an area
The remainder of the structure
131
Where should fire attack be initiated from on buildings of 1-3 stories in height?
One floor below the fire
132
A building with a center hallway should have what type of attack?
A two line attack. One hoseline to protect the hallway while the other hoseline attacks the individual rooms off the hallway
133
If smoke is showing from a house on the first or above floors that has balloon frame construction, what should the IC consider?
That there is a fire in the basement
134
What should a first arriving officer perform as part of his size-up on a suspected basement fire?
Perform a 360
Determine if there is a basement, what type of basement, location of and number of accesses/entrances
Determine the conditions in the basement
Identify current ventilation profile and predict expected flow paths
135
How do basement fires rapidly extend?
| 4 things
Through open stairwells
Pipe chases
Balloon frame construction
Small openings in the floor
136
Whenever conditions dictate, what is the quickest and safest way to attack a basement fire?
With an exterior hoseline attacking through a basement window or through a walk-out basement access to reset the fire
137
What safety considerations are important to consider before making advancement down basement stairs?
(6 things)
High heat conditions at the top of the stairs
Questionable stability of the stairway
Initial size-up indicating a serious fire condition
Staircase may become a chimney of superheated air and fire gases
Basement is finished or unfinished
Structural integrity of floor above the fire may have deteriorated
138
How many buildings constructed before 1978 contain asbestos?
80%
139
How is Vent Enter Isolation Search (VEIS) defined?
Ventilating a window or other opening, entering the opening, isolating the room, searching the room and exiting out the same opening where entry was made.
140
What does a VEIS operation require?
An entry crew of two or more supported by a hoseline crew
141
VEIS should be considered as a search tactic when:
There is a known or probable occupant inside
Conventional means of access for a primary search is compromised by the fire
142
What strategic considerations should the IC consider when choosing to do VEIS?
(7 things)
Shall be communicated to all units assigned to incident
Support of the VEIS crews are a priority
Other ventilation tactics should not be used
Assign a VEIS Group Supervisor
Plan for additional VEIS ops
All other ops should be coordinated and not interfere with VEIS
Command only option or passing command should be considered
143
What are the tactical considerations for a VEIS Group Supervisor?
(11 things)
Maintain strict accountability
Maintain situational awareness of the fire ground
Confirm that other ventilation tactics are not being used
Confirm resources are available to support VEIS crew
Prioritize search sequence if there is more than one entry point
Confirm entry crew understands objectives
Ensure second ladder of equal length is prepositioned at entry point
Give timely and concise CAN reports to IC
Report PARs to IC upon crew exiting the structure
Constantly reassess the conditions and re-evaluate risk profile
144
5 things VEIS crew should do upon entry:
```
Scan room with imager
Clear bottom sill of glass
Remove any window coverings
Sweep below window
Sound floor
```
145
4 things VEIS crew should do while on sill control:
Observe fire conditions for possible changes
Visualize floor for occupants
Clear remaining window opening of glass
Maintain visual or voice contact with entry firefighter
146
What is a Wildland first alarm dispatch?
1 engine or 1 brush
147
What is a Wildland 2nd alarm dispatch?
2 brush
1 tender
1 BC
1 Safety
148
What is a Wildland 3rd alarm?
```
4 brush
1 tender
2 BCs
1 Safety
Notify LCES
```
149
What is a Wildland 4th alarm response?
Page command team/Wildland command team
| Additional resources as needed
150
What does the initial IC describe in a size-up of a Wildland fire?
```
Size of fire
Type of fire (grass, brush, timber)
Flame lengths
Direction and rate of spread
Structures threatened (immediate or delayed)
Taking action or command only
Name of command
```
151
To provide for the safety of personnel on the incident of a wildfire, the IC shall:
(4 things)
Establish lookouts
Have a designated radio channel
Establish trigger points
Establish escape routes and safety zones
152
Changing conditions of a Wildland fire may necessitate modifying the IAP. What are they?
Current size and location of the fire not known
Fire conditions exceed the ability of personnel to operate safely
Objectives established in the IAP are not being met and aren't likely to be attained
Span of control has become excessive
153
Until the next level of qualified IC assumes command of the incident of a wildfire, the IC should:
Maintain control of resources via command-only role
Ensure safety of all personnel
Confirm LCES
Reassess the situation taking into consideration the current and expected weather
Re-assess the IAP with emphasis on firefighter safety
Consider disengagement if personnel cannot operate safely
Establish a staging area and command post
154
What information should be given during a transfer of command of a Wildland incident?
(7 things)
Current size-up of fire
Evaluation of the IAP
Completion of Incident Complexity Analysis
Staffing - current, ordered and additional needed
Location and adequacy of ICP and staging area
Potential values at risk
Any other specific concerns
155
Disengaging resources from a wildfire should be done if:
| 2 things
The incident exceeds the capabilities of assigned and available resources
The PFA Complexity Analysis indicated a higher level of incident management and support is needed
156
When ordering an aircraft through 900 LCES, the following information should be given:
Type of aircraft needed
Fire size-up
Values at risk
Location of fire
157
Working on a vehicle fire the IC accounts for the following:
| 5 things
Wear full PPE
At least 1 3/4 hoselines
Vehicles stabilized
Water supply and other extinguishing agents are available as needed
Run-off fuel and/or contaminated water is accounted for and their affects minimized
158
What consideration should be given to trash and dumpster fires?
(5 things)
```
Hazardous, toxic materials
Occupancy of nearby structures and associated use
Possible exposures
Upwind approach
Possible containment of run-off
```
159
Upon arrival of a carbon monoxide alarm the captain and crew should:
Meet with RP and obtain pertinent info
Check the structure with air monitoring equipment to determine if CO is present
Check the alarming CO alarm for readings and/or codes
If CO is present attempt to locate the source
160
At what level does the captain call for the appropriate utility company to respond?
Above 15 ppm
161
If the utility company has an extended response time, the captain should ensure the following before going available:
(8 things)
Source of the CO has been limited to an appliance
The utility company is responding with an ETA
A peak level of CO has been found
Mitigate the peak and ensure levels are dropping
RP has been informed of hazards of CO
RP has a safe and warm place to wait for utility company
RP contact info has been gathered
The captain follows up with RP to make sure utility company fixed issue
162
What hazards are present with a single engine aircraft (SEAT) emergency?
Engines and propellers still running and creating flying debris
Large amounts of jet A fuel requiring Class B foam
Possibility of oxygen tanks on board
Large and spread out debris fields
163
What should a size-up include in a single engine aircraft emergency?
Determine whether buildings, vehicles, power lines or people are involved
Determine if it is safe to approach the aircraft
Determine if it's a rescue or a recovery
The amount of fuel that is (or may) be on fire
Size of the area involved (debris field)
164
What are the strategic considerations of a single engine aircraft emergency?
Rescue vs Recovery
Offensive or Defensive ops for fire attack
Apparatus placement for extrication, foam application and wind direction
165
The decision to request or cancel a medical helicopter should be based on the following:
(7 things)
Best interest of patient
Criticality of patient
Number of patients
Availability of transport resources
Time and distance to appropriate medical facility
Visibility of landing zone
Direction of paramedic once at scene and having completed patient assessment
166
Air to Ground communications for medical helicopters:
Within PFA jurisdiction - STAC-D (800)
| Outside PFA Jurisdiction - PVH North, LCSO Firenet or a FERN Freq (VHF)
167
Ground Contact Responsibilities for medical helicopter
Be designated by incident name
Clear the intended landing zone
Relay to the pilot: landing zone location, wind direction, overhead barriers, patient update
Notify 100 when helicopter leaves with patient
168
Landing zone requirements for a medical helicopter:
```
100 ft away from the incident and secured
Free of debris and on hard surface
Minimum of 100 x 100 in size
Free of overhead barriers
Have at least two miles of visibility
```
169
What are the three MCI levels and how many casualties and critical patients are associated with them?
Level 1 - 5 to 15 casualties and at least 5 are critical
Level 2 - 16-50 casualties and at least 10 are critical
Level 3 - +50 casualties and at least 20 are critical
170
Strategic considerations for a MCI:
| 8 things
Gain control of the scene and restrict access
Determine triage strategy
Determine resource needs and MCI level response
Designate Triage Unit Leader and Transport Unit Leader
Ensure rapid triage, treatment and transport of injured
Designate a tactical radio frequency
Designate ground contact officer for helicopter landing zone
Consider a PIO
171
What is the main tactical consideration in a MCI ?
A traffic flow plan for easy/efficient apparatus/ambulance ingress and egress. Direct incoming transport units to stage in a single file line in designated area
172
What are the MCI benchmarks?
```
360 complete
Declare appropriate MCI level
Identify ingress/egress route
All patients triaged
All patients transported
Scene stabilized
```
173
What do you get on a MCI 1st alarm response?
| 5-15 casualties
```
5 engines
5 ambulances
1 BC
1 Safety
1 Helicopter
EMS 1 & 2
```
174
What do you get on an MCI 2nd Alarm?
| 16-50 casualties
```
7 engines
10 ambulances
1 BC
1 Safety
2 Helicopters
EMS 1 & 2
```
175
What do you get on a MCI 3rd alarm response?
| +50 casualties
```
10 engines
20 ambulances
1 BC
1 Safety
3 Helicopters
EMS 1 & 2
```
176
What is the HAZMAT acronym?
```
H - Hazard Identification
A - Action Plan
Z - Zoning
M - Manage the Incident
A - Assistance
T - Termination
```
177
What should an initial arrival report on a HAZMAT incident cover?
```
Hazard identification
Immediate needs
Actions (Develop IAP, Zoning, Victim Assessment, Mitigation)
Identify a staging location
Name command
```
178
HAZMAT control zones designate areas of specific function in order to:
Limit levels of contamination
Provide areas of safety for responders and customers
Allow for a division of labor
179
Size and shape of HAZMAT control zones are determined by the following factors:
(7 things)
Chemical properties
Natural barriers
Quantity of product involved and amount of product leaking
Size and condition of the container
Physical state of the product
Weather
Recognized standards by resources like the ERG
180
IC should consider the following in regards to spill and leak control:
(6 things)
Hazardous materials involved
Associated hazards
Risk to emergency personnel and civilians
Training levels and abilities of personnel
Any special tools or equipment needed
Emergency Decon and emergency care available in case of accident during op
181
What are three confinement techniques for spills and leaks:
Diversion
Diking
Retention
182
Confinement techniques for spills or leaks are defensive in nature and have the following advantages:
(3 things)
Avoiding direct exposure of personnel
Can be performed without special equipment
Can usually be performed by first responders with minimal supervision
183
When responding to leaking or severed natural gas pipelines, the IC ensures the following 3 things:
Crews wear full PPE
Attack lines should be at least 1 3/4
Patent water supply is available
184
Considerations for the IC on natural gas leaks:
| 3 things
Ask dispatch to notify appropriate gas company to respond and get an ETA
Do not extinguish a gas fed fire until the gas company can shut off the gas, unless life-safety or property conservation issues exist
Engine 10/Haz 10 have carry clamps and monitoring equipment
185
When responding to an explosion/detonation or a possible radioactive emergency, the following should be done:
Establish command
Secure the scene
Follow the HAZMAT acronym
```
Detect
Verify
Locate
Measure
Assess
Adjudicate
```
186
In a confined space emergency, what should the initial IC accomplish?
(9 things)
```
Identify hazards
Lock out/tag out needed equipment
Determine number, location, and condition of patients
Establish communication with any victims
Secure the scene of bystanders
Assess the atmosphere
Log findings and track atmospheric changes
Wear appropriate PPE
```
187
A rescue at an electrical substation or vault should follow the Risk Profile and the initial IC should establish the following:
(5 things)
An entry crew
RIC crew
Safety officer in contact with utility representative
Medical unit standing by
Hazmat group if hazardous materials are involved
188
On an elevator rescue, the IC should:
| 3 things
Contact an RP
Decide if an elevator technician is needed or is en route
Make verbal contact with occupants an advise them FD is on scene
189
Ways to mediate an elevator rescue:
| 6 things
Attempt to operate the elevator normally
Ensure the hoist way door is closed
Attempt Phase 1 recall with fire department keys to return elevator to lobby
Reboot the system - shut power off for 15-30 seconds and turn on to reset
If still stuck, shut power off, lock out tag out and open doors with elevator keys
If still stuck then determine whether manual lowering or emergency hatch rescue is needed. ( under supervision of a tech)
190
First arriving IC for a rope rescue should consider the following:
(11 things)
Condition, location and number of patients
Low or high angle
Determine if it involves a technical rope rescue
Call for assistance or upgrade response
Determine stability of ground
Provide site control and scene management
Stabilize patient
Communicate with patient
Determine access points to the patient
Can the patient be safely removed by other means?
Is the patient suspended or supported?
191
Considerations when going to an animal rescue:
| 3 things
Turn off sirens when getting close to the scene to not agitate the animal
Animals are considered property, operate in the medium risk
Contact Parks and Wildlife for wild animals or Animal Control for a pet or livestock
192
What should be considered in a size-up of an animal rescue?
| 6 things
How many animals
Health/condition of animals
Length of time and how animal is trapped
Is the animal is fight or flight or is it exhausted
Is the owner contacted or on scene to make decisions for animal
Owner's intent to pay for animals treatment if a vet is called
193
Developing an IAP for an animal rescue:
| 7 things
```
Rescue or recovery
Call a veterinarian
Call for technically trained individuals
Solicit input from owner
Transportation vehicle
Additional rescue and specialized resources
Mortality management
```
194
Things to consider when performing a mountain rescue:
Notify LCES AND State Parks
Assume Command
Designate a staging area
Establish a tactical radio frequency
195
Five "shall's" of a swift water rescue:
All swift-water rescue ops shall fit within the Risk Profile
Personnel shall not enter the water unless a victim is visible
All personnel entering the water shall be designated the appropriate technician level
Anyone operating near the water shall don the appropriate shore-based PPE
Required safety personnel shall be in place before any rescuers enter the water
196
A swift water rescue size up should include:
| 5 things
```
Water flow
Time and location of incident
Experience level of personnel
Number of victims and their condition
Number of Larimer County Dive Team responding and ETA
```
197
Incident Action Plan of a swift water rescue:
```
Staging
Down stream safety (1 shore based 1 SWT)
Up stream safety
Containment teams
Hasty shore based search
```
198
An ice rescue emergency should include an evaluation of the following:
(12 things)
```
Location and time of incident
Number of victims
Identify and secure witnesses
Establish timeline
Submersion time
Best access to and distance from shore
Weather or environmental concerns
Hazard assessment
Determine size of search area
Resources en route/ available
Experience level of personnel
Larimer County Dive Team
```
199
The IAP of an ice rescue should include:
```
Establish command
Develop command structure
Rescue vs recovery
Tactical plan based on operational mode
Resource and equipment needs
Secure scene and establish staging
Rescuers and backups are dependent upon number of patients
Medical for recovery
```
200
What the immediate challenges facing the first arriving IC of an auto extrication?
(3 things)
Safe and effective apparatus placement
Position ambulances for easy exit from scene
Traffic control sand scene safety
201
What hazards should be identified in the follow up report of an extrication accident?
```
Liquids down
Power lines
Grade
Traffic
Damage assessment of vehicles and type of accident.(t-bone, head on, roll over, rear end)
```
202
What should an auto extrication IAP consist of?
```
Establish command
Findings of 360
Patient triage report
Vehicle triage report
Strategic plan and tactical objectives
```
203
What are the two strategic considerations for an auto extrication?
Assign rescue group to the first arriving truck officer
| Assign transport unit leader to EMS Supervisor
204
What are the tactical considerations for an auto extrication?
(5 things)
```
Vehicle stabilization
Move power seats before power down of vehicle
Power down vehicle(keys, hazards)
Cut battery cables
Be aware of undeployed airbags
```
205
Actions and tactical considerations of first due truck on an extrication:
(7 things)
```
360 of scene
Stage equipment
Ensure vehicle power down by hazard lights
Stabilize vehicle
Identify airbag cylinders
Remove vehicle from around the patient
Continuously re-evaluate plan and safety
```
206
Additional considerations for an extrication:
Charged 1 3/4 hose line
Extrication blanket for patient
Rescue group shall announce "patient extricated"
