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operating systems > Operating Systems Intro > Flashcards

Operating Systems Intro Flashcards

- What is OS - Goals of OS - OS Functions - OS History - Major OS - Types of OS

1
Q

software component of a computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination of activities and the sharing of the resources of the computer

A

operating system

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2
Q

5 things included in an os

A
  1. Monitor
  2. Applications
  3. Printer
  4. Hard drive
  5. Keyboard and mouse
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3
Q

The executive manager, the part of the computing system that manages all of the hardware and all of the software.

A

operating systems

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4
Q

To be specific, it controls every file, every device, every section of main memory and every nanosecond of processing time. It controls who can use the system and how.

A

operating systems

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5
Q

primary goal of operating system

A

To make the computer system convenient to use

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6
Q

secondary goal of operating system

A

Use the computer hardware in a sufficient manner

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7
Q

give operating system functions (longer ver, yung 4 itu)

A
  1. Displays the on-screen elements with which you interact- the user interface
  2. Loads programs such as word processing and spreadsheet programs into the computer’s memory so that you can use them (retrieve, load, execute and store application programs)
  3. Manages the way information is stored on and retrieved from disk
  4. Starting the computer and making sure that its hardware components are operating properly
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8
Q

give functions of operating system (short ver)

A
  • they don’t crunch numbers
  • acts as a middleman
  • boot up process to the shutdown process
  • Saves
  • Deletes and retrieves data
  • Arrange data to display data on the monitor
  • Sends data on the printer
  • Recognizes mouse clicks
  • Copying data from one disk to another
  • Accepting input from the keyboard
  • Responds to keystrokes
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9
Q

” - Computer did not have operating systems
- Computers were physically very large
- Charles Babbage
- Programming language were unknown not even Assembly Language
- Only few people knew how to operate them
one function at a time
- Programming was done in absolute machine language
- Computers were used to solve simple math calculations
- One user at a time”

Considering these things, what phase of operating system is this?

A

Phase 1:

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10
Q

what phase of os is “Hardware is very expensive, humans are cheap”?

A

Phase 1

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11
Q

what phase of os is “Hardware is very expensive, humans are cheap”?

A

Phase 2

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12
Q

the following are in what phase of os:

1955-1965
GMOS by General Motors
Transistors and Batch System
Government agencies or large corporations

A

Phase 2

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13
Q

Is to collect a tray full of jobs in the input room and then read them onto a magnetic tape using a small inexpensive computer such as IBM 1401.

A

batch system

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14
Q

what phase of os is “Hardware is very expensive, humans are expensive”?

A

Phase 3

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15
Q

the following are in what os phase?

1965-1980
Integrated circuit
Allows multiprogramming
OS 360
MULTICS
UNIX

A

Phase 3

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16
Q
  • Designed to handle both scientific and commercial computing by Fred Brooks
  • Acts as the operating system of all system 360 machine.
A

OS 360

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17
Q

what is MULTICS?

A

Multiplexed Information and Computing Service

18
Q

Unix is from?

A

Bell Lab

19
Q

what did Ken Thompson make?

A

UNIX or Uniplexed Information and Computing Service (UNICS)

20
Q

what phase of os is “Hardware is very expensive, processing demands are increasing”?

A

Phase 4

21
Q

-1980-present day
- User friendly
- Personal Computer
- MS-DOS
- The birth of Microsoft and Windows operating system
- Bill Gates
- Windows 95, 98, XP, 7, Vista etc.
- Steve Jobs
- Apple Macintosh

Considering these things, what phase is this of os?

A

Phase 4

22
Q
  • Released in 1981
  • Only run program one at a time and supports one user at a time (no network capability)
  • Users had to manually install drivers any time they added a new hardware component to their PC
A

DOS (Disk Operating System)

23
Q

Why DOS is still in use?

A
  1. Size – does not require much memory or storage space for the system and does not require a powerful computer.
  2. Simplicity
24
Q

enumerate the types of operating systems

A
  1. Simple Batch Systems
  2. Multiprogrammed Batch Systems
  3. Time-Sharing Systems
  4. Personal Computer Systems
  5. Parallel Systems
    6.Distributed Systems
  6. Real- Time Systems
25
Q

It allowed automatic job sequencing by a resident monitor and greatly improved the overall utilization of the computer.

A

simple batch systems

26
Q
  • To improve the overall performance of the system, developers introduced the concept of multiprogramming.
  • With multiprogramming , several jobs are kept in memory at one time, in order to develop the and improved the performance of the system.
A

multiprogrammed batched system

27
Q
  • Time sharing or multitasking is a logical extension of multiprogramming.
  • Multiple jobs are executed by the CPU switching between them, but switches occur so frequently that the users may interact with each program while its running.
A

time sharing systems

28
Q
  • Personal Computer appeared in the 1970s. They are microcomputers that are considerably smaller and less expensive that mainframe systems.
  • Operating systems for these computers have benefited from the development of operating systems for mainframes in several ways.
A

personal-computer systems

29
Q

have more than one CPU in close communication; the CPUs share the computer bus, and sometimes memory and peripheral devices.

A

parallel systems

30
Q

what is Asymmetric multiprocessing?

A

Asymmetric multiprocessing systems are easier to design.

31
Q

what is Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)?

A
  • Symmetric multiprocessing systems are complex to design.
  • In symmetric multiprocessing, all the processors are treated equally.
32
Q
  • The processor communicate with one another through various communication lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone lines.
  • It provides the user with access to the various resources located at remote sites.
A

distributed systems

33
Q

if the number of different sites (with different capabilities) are connected to one another, then a user at one site may be able to use the resources available at another.

A

resource sharing (under distributed systems)

34
Q

redundancy exists in the system (both hardware and data) the system can continue its operations, even if some of its sites have failed.

A

Reliability (under distributed systems)

35
Q

programs need to exchange data with one another on one system. A user can send mail to another user at the same site or at a different site.

A

communication (under distributed systems)

36
Q

load sharing (particular portioned). This movement of jobs is called load sharing.

A

computation speedup (under distributed systems)

37
Q

Is used when there are rigid time requirements on the operation of a processor or the flow of data, and thus is often used a control device in dedicated application.

A

real-time sharing

38
Q

well defined, fixed time constraints; real-time system

A

Hard Real-Time System

39
Q

less stringent timing constraints, and do not support deadline scheduling; real-time system

A

Soft Real-Time System

40
Q

Hard Real Time System examples

A

Hard Real Time System - Air Traffic Control , Medical System

41
Q

Soft Real Time System examples

A

Soft Real Time System - Multimedia Transmission and Reception , Computer Games , Communication system like voice over Ip

operating systems (3 decks)

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