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CYBER 100 > Operating Systems Fundamentals Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Operating Systems Fundamentals Lesson 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of user interface did IBM PCs running MS-DOS have?

A

Command Line

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2
Q

In the OS boot procedure, which step occurs after the CPU starts?

A

The CPU executes the firmware startup routines

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3
Q

Which feature of modern CPUs help prevent user applications from accessing memory used by the operating system or other processes?

A

memory manager

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4
Q

The code that exchanges information with hardware devices is referred to as which of the following?

A

device driver

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5
Q

Which of the following is created by a device to get the CPU’s attention when a device has input or output data that is ready to process?

A

interrupt

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6
Q

Which type of modern computer system is most likely to run a single-tasking OS?

A

embedded system

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7
Q

Which of the following features is the least likely to be installed on a computer in which the primary role it will play in the network is a client?

A

clustering

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8
Q

Where is the UEFI most likely to be stored on a modern computer?

A

flash memory

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9
Q

Which of the following does NOT require a device driver to be installed in the OS?

A

installing additional RAM

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10
Q

Where is the BIOS configuration data stored?

A

CMOS

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11
Q

Which computer is most likely to run a cooperative multitasking operating system?

A

a 16-bit desktop computer built in 1992

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12
Q

Which OS component performs the job of managing interrupt handlers and device drivers?

A

kernel

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13
Q

You are testing out a new multitasking operating system. In your testing, you find that some applications are not getting sufficient CPU time while other applications are getting more than enough CPU time. Which component is responsible for determining how much CPU time each application gets?

A

kernel

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14
Q

Which type of computing device is designed to perform a specific task such as controlling a refrigerator, and has less than 64 KB of RAM?

A

embedded system

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15
Q

Which of the following is one of the tasks performed by a computer’s BIOS?

A

POST

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16
Q

On a preemptive multitasking system, what event can occur to preempt a running process and allow a new process to get control of the CPU?

A

TIME SLICE EXPIRATION

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17
Q

Which of the following is a service most likely provided by a server OS?

A

directory service

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18
Q

You are a computer consultant called in to a manufacturing plant. The plant engineer needs a system to control their assembly line that includes robotic arms and conveyors. Many sensors are used and precise timing is required to manufacture the product. Of the following choices, which OS would you recommend to be used on the computing system that controls the assembly line and why?

A

LynxOS because it is an RTOS

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19
Q

You are listening to music on an old smartphone and you switch to the web browser app which causes your music to stop playing. What type of OS is most likely installed on the smartphone?

A

single-tasking

20
Q

Which of the following is a program that runs in the background and does not have a user interface?

A

Service

21
Q

What is a computer and their tasks?

A

A computer is a machine that can perform certain tasks:
–Stores data
–Interacts with devices
–Executes programs

22
Q

OPERATING SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS

A

A computer’s functions and features can be broken down into three basic tasks
all computers perform:
− Input
− Processing
− Output
• The functions above involve some type of computer hardware
− But the hardware is controlled and coordinated by the operating system (OS)

23
Q

What is an OS?

A

An OS is a specialized computer program that provides store management, user interface, process and service management.

24
Q

What is user interface?

A

User interface – the user interface provides a method for users to interact
with the computer

25
Q

What is Storage management?

A

the file system is a method by which an OS stores and organizes files and manages access to files

26
Q

what is a process and a service?

A

A process is a program that’s loaded into memory and run by the CPU; a service is a type of process that runs in the background

27
Q

What is a Memory and I/O management ?

A

The OS must determine if sufficient memory
exists to load an application and where in memory it should be loaded

The OS also ensures that I/O devices such as USB ports and video cards are accessed by only one process at a time

28
Q

What is Security and resource protection ?

A

OSs used on business systems provide methods for securing access to resources

29
Q

What is the Kernel ?

A

The kernel is the heart of the OS and runs with the highest priority

30
Q

What is A single-tasking operating system?

A

can execute only a single process at a time
− Apple’s iOS 3 (and earlier versions) are examples
− An embedded system is a computing device designed for a specific task
and uses a single-tasking OS

31
Q

What is a multitasking operating system?

A

quickly switches between all the processes that
are loaded into memory and scheduled to run

32
Q

What are the two general types of multitasking:

A

Cooperative multitasking

33
Q

What is the cooperative multitasking?

A

the OS gives CPU control to a process and
waits for it to terminate or enter a waiting state
 If the program does not give control back to the OS, it may hog the CPU
until its operations are complete
 No other program can run until control is given back to the OS
 Found in early Windows versions

34
Q

What is the Preemptive multitasking?

A

Preemptive multitasking – the OS is in control of the computer at all times
 The running process can be replaced with another process at any time
based on a system interrupt, a higher-priority task requiring the CPU, or
the time-slice timer expiring
 The OS has control over how much of the computer’s resources are
allocated to each program
 Computers must use more of their CPU and memory to support the OS,
but the behavior of the computer is more predictable
 The user can play music while working in documents and Web browsers

35
Q

What is a single-user operating system ?

A

A single-user operating system allows only one user at a time to interact with the OS user interface, start processes, make system configuration changes, and interact directly with the file system

− Windows 10 and earlier Windows client versions are arguably single-user
systems

36
Q

What is a multiuser operating system?

A

allows multiple users to sign in to it, start and
stop processes, interact with the user interface, and access the local file system
− Linux/UNIX OSs have always supported multiple users, and Windows
Server versions also allow multiple users through Remote Desktop Protocol
(RDP)

37
Q

What is a general-purpose operating system?

A

is designed to provide a convenient user
interface and run applications in a home or business environment with reasonable performance.

38
Q

What is a real-time operating system (RTOS)?

A

is designed to process inputs and
produce outputs in a very specific and repeatable amount of time.

39
Q

What is a r eal-time systems?

A

perform tasks like controlling assembly-line robotic
systems, controlling FedEx sorting facilities, managing the electrical grid, etc.

40
Q

Components of real-time systems?

A

are called deterministic because it is
possible to determine the worst-case response times under a given set of conditions.

41
Q

What is the primary purpose of a client operating system?

A

is to run applications
requested by a user and request data from network servers as necessary
− Client OSs are usually installed on desktop or laptop computers and mobile
devices and use a graphical user interface (GUI)
− Client OSs usually include client versions of many network applications
 For example, Windows 10 comes with Client for Microsoft Networks for
accessing shared files and printers
− Most client OSs are performance-tuned for running foreground applications
(user applications) instead of background services

42
Q

What is the primary purpose of a server operating system?

A

is to share network
resources and provide network services to clients
* Examples of server OSs include Windows Server, macOS Server, UNIX, and
many Linux distributions
* Server OSs usually come with a DHCP server, a DNS server, a file server
protocol, a Web server, and perhaps a directory service such as Microsoft’s
Active Directory

43
Q

What is Fault tolerance?

A

is the ability of a system to recover from a hardware or software failure.

44
Q

What is a a server clustering?

A

A server OS typically supports clustering, which is the ability of two or more servers to act
as one

45
Q

What is a load-sharing cluster?

A

has two or more servers that alternate in taking client requests
− Many servers also support hot swapping of components such as hard disks, memory, or even processors so that if a computer fails, a new component can be swapped.

− For scalability: some servers support hot adding of components so that more storage,
RAM, or processors can be added while the system is running

CYBER 100 (6 decks)

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