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CompTIA A+ 220-1102 > Operating Systems Domain > Flashcards

Operating Systems Domain Flashcards

1
Q

Keys to toggle the active language in Windows

A

Start + Space

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2
Q

The biggest benefit of Microsoft Store apps

A

They run in a sandbox. They don’t even require admin privileges to install.

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3
Q

What is Settings> Gaming> Game Mode in Windows used for?

A

It is used to toggle on and off the game mode setting which is used to suspend Windows Update, and prioritize graphics and frame rate over other software

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4
Q

The 4 types of network adapters that can be configured in a Windows host

A

Ethernet
Wi-Fi
Cellular radio
VPN

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5
Q

What modern settings app is used to:
- View network status
- Change IP address properties
- Access other tools

A

Network & Internet

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6
Q

The Control Panel applet that shows basic network information and can be used to set up a new connection or network

A

Network and Sharing Center

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7
Q

Control Panel applet used to configure settings for Microsoft’s Internet Explorer browser

A

Internet Options

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8
Q

A Control Panel link to a folder of shortcuts to several advanced configuration consoles

A

Windows Tools (Windows 11)/Administrative Tools (Windows 10)

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9
Q

MMC snap-in used to maintain disk performance by optimizing file storage patterns

A

Defragment and Optimize Drives

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10
Q

MMC snap-in used to regain disk capacity by deleting unwanted files

A

Disk Cleanup

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11
Q

MMC snap-in used to review system, security, and application logs

A

Event Viewer

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12
Q

MMC snap-in used to view and edit security settings

A

Local Security Policy

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13
Q

MMC snap-ins used to view and log performance statistics

A

Resource Monitor
And
Performance Monitoring

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14
Q

MMC snap-in used to make manual edits to the database of Windows configuration settings

A

Registry Editor

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15
Q

MMC snap-in used to start, stop, and pause processes running in the background

A

Services console

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16
Q

MMC snap-in used to run software and scripts according to calendar or event triggers

A

Task Scheduler

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17
Q

The default management console with multiple snap-ins to schedule tasks and configure local users and groups, disks, services, devices, and so on

A

Computer Management

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18
Q

What will a computer do when it goes into a power-saving mode?

A

Either maintain a small amount of power to the memory modules or write the contents of memory to a hibernation file on disk

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19
Q

What is hybrid sleep mode?

A

When a desktop creates a hibernation file and then goes into a standby state. It can also be configured to switch to the full hibernation state after a defined period.

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20
Q

What does the standby power mode do?

A

Suspends to RAM, cutting power to most of the other devices

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21
Q

What does the hibernate power mode do?

A

Suspends to disk, saving any opened but unsaved file data in memory to disk and then turning the computer off

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22
Q

If you want to physically remove a device and remove its driver what must you do before unplugging the device?

A

Right-click the device and select Uninstall device

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23
Q

What is a “drive” in Windows?

A

A volume that has been mapped to a letter

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24
Q

Which Windows-created volumes are usually not assigned a drive letter?

A
  • The system volume
  • Recovery partitions
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25
Q

What Windows volume contains the files used to boot the OS?

A

The system volume

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26
Q

What Windows volume contains the OS files and is usually allocated the drive letter C:?

A

The boot volume

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27
Q

What volume contains tools to repair a damaged installation and/or return a computer to its factory state?

A

The recovery volume/partition

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28
Q

Performance can be impaired when a boot volume gets down to what percentage of free space?

A

20% free space

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29
Q

3 things that can damage SSDs

A

Impacts, overheating, and electrical issues

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30
Q

When should disk maintenance tools be run?

A

Regularly - at least once a month and before installing software applications

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31
Q

What does the Local Users and Groups consule provide?

A

An advanced interface for creating, modifying, disabling, deleting, and changing the password of user accounts

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32
Q

What does the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE database govern?

A

System-wide settings

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33
Q

What does the HKEY_Users database include?

A

Settings that apply to individual user profiles

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34
Q

What does the HKEY_CURRENT_USER include?

A

It contains settings for the logged in user. It is a subset of HKEY_USERS.

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35
Q

How can you copy portions of Windows registry to use on other computers?

A

In Registry Editor: File > Export Registry File

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36
Q

Where can you find a comprehensive report about a Windows system’s hardware and software components?

A

System Information (msinfo32.exe)

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37
Q

What are the 4 main Windows logs in Event Viewer?

A
  • System
  • Application
  • Security
  • Setup
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38
Q

What are the 5 severity levels of Event Viewer events?

A
  • Critical. Often a process that has halted or stopped responding.
  • Error.
  • Warning. Could potentially lead to an error or critical condition if not remediated.
  • Information. Noteworthy but not requiring remediation.
  • Audit Success/Failure.
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39
Q

How can you see more information about an event in Event Viewer?

A

Double-click the event

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40
Q

What does running System Information/msinfo32.exe produce? (5 things specifically)

A
  • An inventory of system resources
  • firmware & OS versions
  • driver file locations
  • environment variables
  • network status
  • & more
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41
Q

What does Resource Monitor show?

A

Graphs of resource performance along with key statistics

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42
Q

What is a Service?

A

A Windows process that does not require any sort of user interaction & therefore runs in the background (without a window)

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43
Q

What two specific things is Performance Monitor used for?

A
  • Viewing real-time charts of system resources
  • Logging information to files called Data Collector Sets for long-term analysis
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44
Q

Performance Monitor counter logs collect what kind of information?

A

Statistics about resources such as memory, disk, & processor

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45
Q

Performance Monitor trace logs collect what kind of information?

A

Statistics about services, providing detailed reports about resource behavior

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46
Q

How do you actually use a saved log generated by Performance Monitor?

A

From the Reports folder, load the log into Performance Monitor or export it to another program

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47
Q

What is a memory leak?

A

When a process allocates memory but does not release it again

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48
Q

A sustained period of processor usage, greater or equal to what percentage can indicate a processor bottleneck?

A

85%

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49
Q

What is the System Configuration Utility used for?

A

To modify settings & files that affect the way the computer boots & loads Windows

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50
Q

How is Performance Monitor organized?

A

Resources such as memory & disk are collected into objects. Objects have counters that represent different performance statistics, & there can be multiple instances of the same type of object.

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51
Q

What does it mean if a system has a substantial number of page faults occurring?

A

The system is using the page file intensively & could benefit from more RAM being installed.

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52
Q

How can a Windows user set a program to run automatically when the computer boots up?

A

Put a shortcut to the program in the startup folder

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53
Q

What is the keyboard shortcut to open the Windows Run Dialogue box?

A

Win + Q + R

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54
Q

What must you do after adding snap-ins to MMC if you don’t want to have to add them all over again when you want to use them in the future?

A

Save the console by clicking file & save or save as

55
Q

How do you open an elevated Command Prompt from the Instant Search box?

A

Type cmd then press CTRL + SHIFT + ENTER

56
Q

How do you clear the screen in Command Prompt?

A

Use the cls command

57
Q

What is an interactive command in Command Prompt?

A

A command that starts a program, from which point the prompt will only accept input relevant to the program

58
Q

How do you exit an interactive CMD program?

A

Use the exit or quit command

59
Q

System files

A

Files that are required for the operating system to function

60
Q

3 things a patch or update could improve

A
  • Reliability
  • Security
  • Performance
61
Q

What happens if you don’t activate Windows soon enough?

A

Some features will be disabled

62
Q

When a computer is used for graphic design, what must you calibrate to ensure that colors match what the designer intends?

A

The monitor must be calibrated

63
Q

The 2 disk initialization options

A

MBR & GPT

64
Q

MMC snap-in used to change boot configuration

A

System Configuration Utility

65
Q

6 key NTFS features

A
  • Journaling
  • Snapshots
  • Security
  • POSIX Compliance
  • Indexing
  • Dynamic Disks (not home editions)
66
Q

What should you do after installing Windows using an internal hard drive partition for the installation media?

A

Set the internal HDD as the default boot device, and disable any other boot devices

67
Q

2 big differences between MBR and GPT

A
  • Max number of partitions
    MBR = 4
    GPT = 128
  • Max partition size
    MBR = 2 TB
68
Q

MBR active partition

A

A bootable partition, i.e., one whose boot sector is populated with a record that points to an OS boot loader

69
Q

Partition type used by macOS

A

APFS
Apple File System

70
Q

Most common partition types used by (1) older & (2) newer Linux OSs

A
  1. ext3
  2. ext4
71
Q

Recovery partition

A

Partition created by OEMs enabling the user to restore the system to its factory configuration

72
Q

Windows refresh

A

Recopies the system files & reverts most system settings to the default but can preserve user personalization settings, data files, & apps installed via Windows Store. Desktop apps are removed.

73
Q

Windows reset

A

Deletes the existing OS plus apps, settings, & data

74
Q

Likely causes of Windows not loading the desktop following logon or not displaying the sign-in screen at all?

A
  • Malware infection
  • Corruption of drivers
  • Corruption of other system files
75
Q

WWAN

A

Network covering a large area using wireless technologies, such as cellular radio data network or line-of-site microwave transmission

76
Q

Where proxy settings are configured in Windows

A

Network and Internet settings

77
Q

Pathping

A

Windows utility for measuring latency and packet loss across an internetwork

78
Q

How to type more than one command on a single line in Linux CLI

A

Place a ; between commands

79
Q

How to show Linux CLI results a page at a time

A

I more

80
Q

Common Linux text editor preferred by Windows users

A

Nano

81
Q

Common Linux text editor preferred by administrators

A

vi or vim

82
Q

Difference between “su” & “su -“

A

“Su” retains the user’s profile & variables & the shell stays in the user’s home directory

“Su -“ changes to the root user & launches a new shell under the context of root

83
Q

Sudo

A

(Superuser do) Linux command that allows any account listed in the /etc/sudoers file to run specified commands with superuser privilege

84
Q

Packet manager & packet format used by Debian distributions

A

Advanced Packaging Tool (APT)
.deb

85
Q

Packet manager & packet format used by Red Hat distributions

A

Yellow dog Updater, Modified (YUM)
.rpm

86
Q

Linux command to show the current address configurations

A

IP addr

87
Q

Samba

A

Linux SMB-compatible file sharing protocol

88
Q

Built-in way to back up a Linux computer

A

Use the cron task scheduler and file copy scripts

89
Q

cron job

A

Scheduled task that is managed by the Linux cron daemon

90
Q

Minimum amount of available memory in a healthy system with no memory leak

A

10%

91
Q

3 categories of potential impact on business from installation of new software

A
  • Licensing
  • Support
  • Training
92
Q

Basic syntax for scheduling a job using crontab

A

mm hh dd MM weekday command

93
Q

Meaning of /2 in the Linux CLI

A

Every other

94
Q

Shortcut to bring up Spotlight Search in MacOS

A

COMMAND+SPACE

95
Q

Version of Terminal used in pre-Catalina Mac systems

A

Bash

96
Q

Version of Terminal used in Catalina & newer Mac systems

A

Z shell (zsh)

97
Q

Shortcut to activate Mission Control in MacOS

A

F3

98
Q

3 ways to switch between desktops in MacOS

A
  • F3 then choose a desktop
  • CONTROL+LEFTorRIGHT
  • 3 or 4 finger swipe gesture
99
Q

MacOS app for changing settings, network options & OS configurations including input devices

A

System Preferences

100
Q

ps command

A

Linux command for retrieving process information

101
Q

BCD

A

Boot Configuration Data
Information about operating systems installed on the computer located in \boot\bcd on the system partition

102
Q

DMG

A

Disk Image
MacOS package installer format for simple installs

103
Q

PKG

A

MacOS package installer format used when setup needs to perform a service or its contents need to be copied to multiple folders

104
Q

How to uninstall an app in MacOs

A

Use Finder to delete the .APP directory or drag it to the Trash from there or the applications folder

105
Q

Time Machine default backups

A
  • Hourly for the past 24 hours
  • Daily for the past month
  • Weekly for all previous months
106
Q

How to open Force Quit in Apple OS

A

Select it in the Apple menu or press COMMAND+OPTION+ESC

107
Q

How to access the Recovery menu in a Mac

A

While powering it up, hold down the COMMAND+R keys until you see the Apple logo

108
Q

MacOS equivalent of File Explorer

A

Finder

109
Q

True or false: Linux terminal commands are case-sensitive

A

True

110
Q

Linux cat command

A

Returns the contents of the files listed as arguments

111
Q

Linux find command & syntax

A

Used to search for files
Syntax: find path expression

112
Q

Linux grep command

A

Used to search & filter the contents of files

113
Q

\ in Linux CLI

A

Escapes the next character

114
Q

Escaping in Linux CLI

A

Treats a metacharacter as a literal character

115
Q

‘ ‘ in Linux CLI

A

Performs strong escaping, treating everything within the quotes as literal

116
Q

“ “ in Linux CLI

A

Performs weak escaping, escaping metacharacters but expanding variables & allowing command substitution

117
Q

rm command in Linux CLI

A

Used to delete files

118
Q

chmod in Linux CLI

A

Used for managing file permissions

119
Q

chown in Linux CLI

A

Used for managing the account owner for files and directories

120
Q

ps in Linux CLI

A

Invokes the process table, a record that summarizes the current running processes on a system

121
Q

apt-get in Linux CLI

A

A package management tool for installing & updating software

122
Q

dig in Linux CLI & syntax

A

Utility to query a DNS server & return information about a particular domain name or resource record.
Syntax: dig domainame

123
Q

top in Linux CLI

A

Interactive command for monitoring process information

124
Q

UNC

A

Universal Naming Convention

Starts with a double backslash followed by a server or host name, then a single backslash, followed by the resource

\ \ server \ share

125
Q

Net use

A

Command that connects a computer to or disconnects a computer from a shared resource, or displays information about computer connections.

The command also controls persistent net connections. Used without parameters, net use retrieves a list of network connections.

126
Q

Environment variables

A

CLI phrases that point to system-wide functions

127
Q

net share <share name> /delete

A

Command to stop sharing a folder

128
Q

3 features of Windows 10 Pro for Workstations

A
  • Supports up to 4 CPUs
  • Supports up to 6 TB RAM
  • Support for ReFS
129
Q

4 Features of Windows 10 Enterprise

A
  • Volume licensing
  • AppLocker
  • BranchCache
  • Granular User Experience (UX) control
130
Q

BranchCache

A

Remote site file caching

131
Q

Max number of processors, supported by windows Home, Pro, Workstation, and Enterprise

A

1, 2, 4, & 2

132
Q

7 tabs in Internet Options

A

General
Security
Privacy
Content [only in some versions]
Connections
Programs
Advanced

133
Q

Max number RAM supported by Windows Home, Pro, Workstation, and Enterprise

A

128 Gb, 2TB, 6, & 6

134
Q

Max number RAM supported by Windows 10 Home, Pro, Workstation, and Enterprise

A

128 Gb, 2TB, 6, & 6

CompTIA A+ 220-1102 (5 decks)

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