Operating Systems Detailed

Question 1

Bolt Action (M24, Win 1903)

Answer 1

The operator manually retracts the bolt to eject the spent cartridge and to chamber a new round by pushing the bolt forward

Question 2

Blowback (Simple) (UZI, M12, L2A3)

Answer 2

Works by pressure from the fired cartridge.
Only has 6 cycles of function as there are no locking or unlocking mechanisms.
Characterized by having heavier bolts to act as breechblocks for longer periods of time since there is no locking or unlocking mechanism

Question 3

Delayed Blowback (P7 Series)

Answer 3

These weapons have a locking system, which means there is a delay long enough for the round and excess gas to leave the muzzle before the bolt is fully unlocked

Question 4

Recoil

Answer 4

Three Types: 1. Long action, Short action, Inertia Action
Works by pressure from fired round.
The breech is locked so when the round is fired, the barrel moves to the rear with the breechblock or bolt in place.
The breechblock remains to the rear while the barrel is forced forward by the spring.
After the barrel is fully forward the breechblock is released, moving forward to chamber another round

Question 5

Recoil with gas assist

Answer 5

Internal piston taps on the barrel to assist in unlocking the bolt; increasing rate of fire and reliability

Question 6

Gas Operated

Answer 6

Gases within the barrel are trapped and redirected

1. Gas Blast (AK)= gas makes contact with a gas piston directly attached to the operation rod or slide.
2. Gas Tappet (M60)= gas makes contact with the gas piston which then makes contact with the operating rod. The gas pistons and operating rods are separate parts.
3. Gas Direct (M4)= Gas goes out of the gas port into the gas tube and is carried directly to the bolt or bolt carrier