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Operating Systems and You Flashcards

1
Q

Command line mode:

A

When you are able to run commands while still in your current shell

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2
Q

Data:

A

actual contents of a file

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3
Q

Data Buffer

A

A region of RAM that’s used to temporarily store data while it’s being moved around

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4
Q

Defragmentation:

A

A process of taking all the files stored on a given disk and reorganizing them into neighboring locations.

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5
Q

Disk Management utility:

A

Native tool for Windows that helps with managing disk space

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6
Q

File record number:

A

The index of the files entry in the MFT

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7
Q

File system:

A

Used to keep track of files and file storage on a disk

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8
Q

Hard link:

A

When created in NTFS, and entry is add to the MTF that points to the linked file record number, not the name of the file. This means the file name of the target can change and the hard link will still point to it

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9
Q

Inode:

A

A file structure for metadata and files

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10
Q

Master boot record (MBR):

A

a traditional partition table within a storage disk that lets you have volume sizes of 2 terabytes or less and is mostly used in the Windows OS

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11
Q

Master file table (MFT):

A

a way NTFS stores and represents the files you’re working with on your operating system

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12
Q

Memory manager:

A

A windows OS program that helps manage virtual memory

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13
Q

Metadata:

A

tells us everything we need to know about a file, including who created it, when it was last modified, who has access to it, and what type of file it is

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14
Q

Mounting:

A

Making a file or hard disk accessible to the computer

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15
Q

Partition table:

A

How the disk is partitioned on an OS

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16
Q

Shortcut:

A

an entry in the MFT that has a reference to some destination, so that when you open it up, you get taken to that destination

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17
Q

Softlinks:

A

A shortcut in Linux, that allows us to link to another file using a file name

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18
Q

Swap space:

A

The allocated space where the virtual memory is stored on the hard drive when the amount of physical memory space is used up or full

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19
Q

Symbolic links:

A

Work similarly to shortcuts, but at the file system level. The key difference is that the operating system treats them like substitutes for the file they’re linked to in almost every meaningful way

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20
Q

System properties:

A

A control panel applet that allows you to edit the size and number and location of paging files

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21
Q

Trim:

A

A command to delete unused data blocks so the space can be used for the computer’s storage needs

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22
Q

UEFI:

A

A new standard for BIOS

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23
Q

UUID:

A

Universally Unique ID

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24
Q

Virtual memory:

A

A combination of hard drive space and RAM that acts like memory which our processes can use

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25
Volume:
A format for a filesystem on a partition
26
Absolute Path
It is one that starts from the main directory
27
ACI:
Access Control Lists
28
Administrator
A user that has complete control over a machine
29
Alias:
A nickname for common commands
30
Appending flags:
A way to add the data of the file without erasing existing data
31
App store apps:
A package manager that acts as a reposotory
32
App store repository:
An app store service that also acts as a repository
33
App stores:
A central managed marketplace for app developers to publish and sell mobile apps.
34
APPX:
another way to package contents of a file to act like a unit of distribution
35
Archive:
an archive is comprised of one or more files that are compressed into a single file
36
Bash:
A popular shell language stands for borne again shell
37
Biometric data:
A way of protecting your accounts and information using biometric data such as facial recognition and fingerprint.
38
Block devices:
A system that acts like USB drives and hard drive by transmitting data
39
Cache:
The assigned stored location for recently or frequently accessed data
40
Character devices:
A way to transmit data character by character like a keyboard and mouse
41
Chocolatey:
A third party package manager for Windows
42
CLI:
command line interface
43
Closed source packages:
a source code that does not allow public access
44
Command line:
A text interface program for a computer that inputs text commands and translates them to the operating system
45
Computer management:
A tool that lets you manage a local or remote computer
46
DACL:
Directory control lists
47
Debian(.deb)
A Debian package is packaged as a .deb file
48
Device manager:
A console management system for your device
49
Driver:
Used to help our hardware devices interact with our OS
50
Dynamic-link libraries:
Programs that want tot use functionality that the code provides can tap into it if they need to (shared libraries)
51
Enterprise app management:
a management system that allows an organization to distribute custom mobile apps
52
Escape characters:
A concept that means that the next character after the back tick should be treated literally
53
.exe
A file extension found in Windows for and Executable file
54
File permissions
A process for setting permissions for who has access to certain files
55
Full control:
A user or group with full control that can do anything they want to files
56
Groups:
A collection of users
57
GUI:
A graphical user interface
58
Hardware ID:
A special string of characters assigned to hardware
59
Having dependencies:
a process of counting on other pieces of software to make an application work since on bit of code depends on another in order to work
60
Hidden files:
A set of files that are not visible either to avoid alteration or simply because you don't want someone to see them
61
Hot key:
a keyboard shortcut that does a particular task
62
Inherit only:
A permission group that means that a DACL will be inherited, but not applied to a container
63
Installing from source:
A process of installing from source
64
I/O Streams:
an input stream handles data flowing into and out of a program
65
Kernel module:
It extends the kernel's functionality so developers don't have to actually touch the Linux kernel
66
Library:
A way to package a bunch of useful code that someone else wrote
67
List folder contents:
a command that will execute and list folder contents and is and alias for Read and Execute
68
Manifest:
A library used if an application needs to use a shared library
69
Microsoft Install Package(.msi) and MSI files:
Microsoft Install Package is a file extension used to guide a program called Windows Installer in the installation, maintenance, and removal of programs of the windows operating systems. MSI files are a combination of databases that contain installation instructions in different tables along with all the files
70
Mobile applications:
Software that is distributed on mobile OS devices
71
Mobile device management:
A system used to apply and enforce rules about how the device has to be configured and used
72
Modify: (permissions)
An umbrella permission that includes read and execute and write
73
Packaged archives:
The core or source software files that are compressed into one file
74
Packaged Managers
An application that makes package installation and removal easier
75
Personal package archives:
a software repository for uploading source packages to built and published
76
Portable Executable (PE) format
Windows unique version of .exe
77
Primary account:
the initial account you made during setup
78
Regular expression:
a pattern matching language that describes words, phrases, or more complicated patterns
79
Relative path:
path from you cuirrent directory
80
Repository:
A server that acts like a central storage location for packages
81
Root directory
Parent directory for all other directories in a file system
82
Root user
It is the first user that gets automatically created when we install a Linux OS and has all the privileges on the OS
83
SACL's:
System Access Control List
84
SD devices:
Mass storage devices like hard drives
85
Security patch:
A piece of software that is meant to fix up a security hole
86
Side-loading
A process of installing mobile apps directly without using an app store
87
Simple permissions
Special or specific permissions
88
Single Sign on (SSO)
an account that grants you access to multiple accounts without requiring constant authentication
89
Standard error (stderr)
A data stream that redirect the output of error message in a different output stream
90
Standard in (stdin)
a data stream in which the input that you provide through the keyboard goes to the standard in stream of the process you are interacting with
91
Standard out (stdout)
a data stream that when a process creates output, it adds data to the standard out stream, which flows out of the process
92
Sysinternals package
Microsoft troubleshooting tools
93
Background processes/Daemon processes:
Processes that run or take place in the background
94
Client/Server runtime subsystem:
System that handles running Windows GUI and Command Line
95
Environment:
Whatever settings or variables a child prcoess inherits from the parent's process
96
Multilingual user interface:
Interface that offers and support different languages
97
Processes:
Help the computer run programs
98
Process Explorer:
A utility Microsoft created to let IT support specialists and system administrators look at running processes
99
Process ID:
Unique identifier for processes on your computer
100
Resource monitoring:
The most common way to quickly take a peek at how system resources are doing
101
Session manager subsystem:
Process that is in charge of setting some stuff up to work for the OS
102
Suspended apps:
A command that will tell the OS to suspend background mobile apps
103
Task Manager:
A Windows utility that allows you to gain information about what tasks you have running in the background
104
Termination signal:
A kill command that will stop whatever process you tell it to

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