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IC3 Computer Fundamentals > Operating Systems > Flashcards

Operating Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What does the Operating System do?

A

Controls the computer from tart up to shutdown
manages resources including:
processor, memory, storage space, and connected devices
- provides a user interface
- Lets you customize user interface

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2
Q

ROM stands for

A

Read Only Memory Chip

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3
Q

POST

A

Power On Self Test

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4
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory

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5
Q

kernel

A

Core of OS

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6
Q

if a device is slow to process output

A

computer uses buffer to temporarily hold memory

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7
Q

spooling

A

placing data in a buffer so it can be used later

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8
Q

ssd

A

solid state drive

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9
Q

device driver

A

small program tells OS how to interact with a device. Each device must have a driver

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10
Q

Plug and play

A

when you plug something in, the OS tries to find the correct driver on its own

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11
Q

GUI

A

Graphical User Interface

Icon = small picture that represents program,

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12
Q

button

A

graphic you click to make a selection

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13
Q

sleep mode

A

aves open documents and programs in RMA

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14
Q

Hibernation

A

saves open documents and programs on the hard drive

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15
Q

resource

A

a component the OS requires to perform work

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16
Q

Executable Files

A

Programs containing instructions telling your computer how to perform or execute specific tasks

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17
Q

Data Files

A

Contains data that you can manipulate

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18
Q

extension

A

a short identifier separated from the main part of the file name by a dot. reflects the file format

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19
Q

Dock

A

Area in Mac OS X that displays icons for programs, files and folders

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20
Q

Tile

A

Item you can add and move to customize the Windows Start Screen

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21
Q

service pack

A

A collection of major operating system updates

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22
Q

file management software

A

lets you copy, move, rename, and delete files and folders

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23
Q

utility software

A

peroframs a specific, limited task, usually related to managing or maintaining a computer system

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24
Q

are searches case sensitive?

A

no

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25
Q

volatile memory

A

is erased when a device loses power

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26
Q

nonvolatile memory

A

keeps its contents when a device loses power

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27
Q

cores

A

number help determine processor performance

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28
Q

benchmark

A

a test to determine processor speed

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29
Q

bus width is measured in

A

bits

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30
Q

cache

A

high-speed, easily accessible storage space used by the CPU

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31
Q

processor

A

a complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts

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32
Q

processor

A

a complex integrated circuit consisting of millions of electronic parts

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33
Q

network

A

multiuser operating system because it controls a central computer that can support many users

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34
Q

personal or desktop operating system

A

operating systems installed on a single computer

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35
Q

unix

A

multipurpose operating system. can run on a desktop pc or a server

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36
Q

embedded operating system

A

electronic devices such as card readers use these

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37
Q

process

A

a program that runs in the background

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38
Q

native

A

a named collection of data on a storage medium such as a hard disk or usb flash drive

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39
Q

native

A

file format that an application can always open

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40
Q

file

A

a named collection of data on a storage medium

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41
Q

platform

A

operating system software

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42
Q

utility

A

widgets or gadgets are these types of programs

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43
Q

embedded operating system

A

built into device, meets a specific purpose, performs a single type of task

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44
Q

BIT is short for

A

Binary Digit

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45
Q

binary

A

Number system that consists of only two digits

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46
Q

gigabyte has how many bytes

A

1 billion

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47
Q

a byte consists of how many bits

A

8

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48
Q

coding scheme

A

examples are Unicode and ASCII

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49
Q

ROM

A

Read Only Memory. Memory permanently installed on system when computer is manufactured. contains BIOS “basic input output system”
ROM performs POST

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50
Q

RAM

A

stored on chips on a memory module. Small circuit board that slides into slot on motherboard. Most RAM is volatile

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51
Q

RAM capacity is measured in

A

gigabytes

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52
Q

firmware

A

instructions on ROM

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53
Q

programmable rom types

A

PROM. Can write code on it. Once programmed cannot be changed.
EEPROM - Electrically Erasable Programmable Memory. Like PROM but can be reprogramed more than once
Flash Memory - can be electrically erased and reprogrammed

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54
Q

When an operating system employs ____ memory, it swaps files to the hard disk

A

virtual

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55
Q

When an operating system employs ____ memory, it swaps files to the hard disk

A

virtual

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56
Q

CPU is often called

A

microprocessor or process

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57
Q

performance of CPU is determined by

A

clock speed, bus speed, cache, cores

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58
Q

BUS

A

electronic channel that allows CPU and various devices in a computer to communicate. transfers data in mulitiple directions

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59
Q

Data Bus

A

transfers data

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60
Q

address bus

A

transfers location of information

61
Q

bus width also called

A

word size. wider the bus, faster the info

62
Q

cache

A

storage space for frequently or recently used data that is quick to access. Improves processor speed

63
Q

Types of Cache

A

Level 1 and 2 - built into processor chip

Level 3 - On a separate chip. slower

64
Q

cycle

A

smallest unit of time a processor can measure

65
Q

ALU

A

Performs arithmetic and logic functions in the CPU

Arithmetic Logic Unit

66
Q

Hard Disk

A

Magnetic or Solid state

used to store operating system, software data

67
Q

Hard Disk Exteneral

A

Magnetic or solid state

Used to store Backups, Movies, music

68
Q

Tape

A

Magnetic. Used to store backups

69
Q

CDs DVDS Blu-ray

A

Optical Storage. Used to store software, movies, music

70
Q

Cloud Storage

A

Magnetic Optical and / or Solid State

Used to store backups, data shoring

71
Q

Memory cards or flash drives

A

Solid State. Used to store Photos, Files to be transferred

72
Q

Storage media uses 3 technologies

A

Magnetic, Solid State (non magnetic), Optical

73
Q

Platteres

A

Use magnetized particles to store data as binary bits

74
Q

Solid State Drives

A

more durable

75
Q

F1

A

Function key used to display help in many programs

76
Q

columns usually represented by

A

letters

77
Q

rows usually represented by

A

numbers

78
Q

intersection of a single row and column is a

A

cell

79
Q

cell range

A

a group of cells

80
Q

Name Box

A

The part of a worksheet that displays the cell address of the active cell

81
Q

Label

A

Text that describes the contents of another cell or cells in a worksheet

82
Q

transition

A

an action that occurs as you move from slide to slide in a presentation

83
Q

you can use graphics software to work with two types of digital images

A

bitmap and vector

84
Q

bitmap

A

based on pixels - short for picture elements. a bitmap assigns a color to each pixel in a graphic

85
Q

vector

A

simple images like shapes, lines and diagrams, clip art images are usually stored as vector graphics. vector graphics use mathematical formulas instead of pixels

86
Q

metafile

A

contains both vector and bitmap graphics

87
Q

software

A

a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do

88
Q

two types of software

A

system - controls a computer and its peripherals, such as keyboard and mouse
application - performs specific tasks

89
Q

copyright

A

the legal right to copy, sell or modify

90
Q

EULA

A

End User License Agreement

91
Q

DRM

A

Digital Rights Management. technologies that include encryption to make digital content unreadable without a valid encryption key

92
Q

Shrink wrap license

A

license agreement for packaged software, which is activated when you open the package

93
Q

concurrent use license

A

license that lets you use a specified number of software copies at any given time

94
Q

patch

A

replaces a small section of existing software code to correct a single issue or bug

95
Q

service pack

A

a collection of corrections or fixes bundled into a single release

96
Q

disk defragmenter

A

Reorganizes the data on a amagnetic hard drive so that you can access files more quickly

97
Q

disk cleanup utility

A

Removes unused files like temporary internet files from your hard drive

98
Q

absolute reference

A

a fixed cell location that never changes

99
Q

dual-boot system

A

more than one operating system installed

100
Q

dual-boot system

A

more than one operating system installed

101
Q

to save a Microsoft office file to onedrive

A

Save as option in backstage view

102
Q

black hat

A

serious harm

103
Q

white hat

A

less serious harm

104
Q

system image backup

A

restores files, applications, and settings to the computer

105
Q

PCI

A

Sound Card

106
Q

AGP

A

Graphics Card

107
Q

USB

A

Mouse, printer, etc

108
Q

VGA

A

Monitor

109
Q

RJ-45

A

Network

110
Q

RJ-45

A

Network

111
Q

Why is RAM considered volatile?

A

It disappears when the computer is shut down or restarted

112
Q

Which internal component performs calculations and logical operations?

A

Microprocessor

113
Q

Do solid state drives have moving parts?

A

no

114
Q

If you cannont access certain commands in the control panel, what is the most likely cause?

A

you do not have access rights to these commands

115
Q

What determines the date and time settings on a computer that is not connected to a network?

A

a battery operated clock inside the computer

116
Q

Where can the Magnifier be accessed through?

A

The Ease of Access Center

117
Q

Before program source code can be used by a computer, it must be

A

compiled. changed into machine code which is an executable form

118
Q

WHat does firmware refer to?

A

Built in software that controls how a device functions

119
Q

What could cause an update to the operating system to fail 75% through the installation

A

You have insufficient hard disk space

120
Q

Define Operating System

A

The software that supports a computer’s basic functions. Executing applications and controlling peripherals

121
Q

What manages hardware, programs, and files?

A

An operating system

122
Q

Define application software

A

processes software for the user

123
Q

What does BIOS stand for?

A

basic input output system. built into computers. first software run when turned on

124
Q

accdb file

A

database file

125
Q

avi file

A

video file

126
Q

bmp file

A

image

127
Q

csv file

A

spreadsheet

128
Q

doc file

A

notepad

129
Q

docx file

A

Microsoft word

130
Q

flv file

A

video

131
Q

mp4 file

A

video

132
Q

one file

A

onenote

133
Q

tiff file

A

graphics images

134
Q

wmf file

A

graphics file

135
Q

KB in Megabyte

A

1000

136
Q

KB in Megabyte

A

1000

137
Q

MB in GB

A

1000

138
Q

GB in TB

A

1000

139
Q

TB in Petabyte

A

1000

140
Q

TCP/IP

A

Protocol for the communication of data using a local network or internet

141
Q

Dynamic IP

A

number identifying a computer in a network that changes w hen reconnecting to a network

142
Q

Fixed IP

A

number identifying a computer in a network that doesn’t change with time

143
Q

Private IP

A

IP address of a computer included in a local network at home or in an office

144
Q

Public IP

A

an IP address that is used to remotely access the internet

145
Q

routher

A

a device that connects a LAN to the internet

146
Q

freeware license

A

usually includes a user license, allowing its redistribution, but with some restrictions. cannot be modified or sold

147
Q

incremental backup

A

backs up all files that have changed since the lastbackup

148
Q

CRM software

A

Customer Relationship Management

IC3 Computer Fundamentals (1 decks)

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