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Computer Science > Operating Systems > Flashcards

Operating Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an operating system

A

A system software that manages computer hardware and software resources, and provides common services for programs

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2
Q

What are examples of operating systems

A

Chrome OS
Microsoft Windows
Android
Google
MS DOS
Apple
MacOS
Linux

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3
Q

What is system software

A

The software that provides a platform for other software to work.

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4
Q

What does system software include

A

Operating systems
Utility programs

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5
Q

What is the function of an operating system

A

Manages computer hardware

Manages users

Manages resources used by software

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6
Q

What is an operating system responsible for managing

A

Multitasking
File Management
User Management
Memory Management
User Interface
Drivers
Peripheral Management (hard drives)

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7
Q

What is a user interface

A

Provides a method for the user to interact with the computer

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8
Q

What are common examples of a user interface

A

GUI (Graphical User Interface)

Menu Driven Interface

CLI (Command Line Interface)

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9
Q

What are examples of desktop interfaces

A

Pointers
Windows
Menus
Icon
Drag and drop

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10
Q

What is a CLI (Command Line Interface)

A

When text commands are entered into the computer

CLIs require less RAM (main memory) and much less hard disk storage space

They give greater control than GUIs, and are less resource heavy

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11
Q

What is an MDI (Menu Driven Interface)

A

A type of interface often used by devices that have a dedicated function. These can include

MP3 players
ATM machines
Self service checkouts

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12
Q

How does memory management work in an operating system

A

To run a program, the computer must copy the program from storage into RAM

Data used by the program is copied into the RAM

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13
Q

How does an operating system handle memory

A

Keeps a record of where each program and data is located

Makes sure not to overwrite existing programs and data

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14
Q

What is multitasking

A

When an operating system manages multiple tasks at the same time

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15
Q

What is an example of multitasking

A

Writing an email and calling a friend at the same time

The operating system will decide which process next runs on the CPU and for how long

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16
Q

What is utility software

A

It performs extra functionality and housekeeping tasks that keep computers running efficiently.

They are often packaged as part of an operating system

17
Q

What are the four types of utility software

A

Encryption software
Data compression
Disk defragmentation
Backup

18
Q

What is an example of utility programs

A

Antivirus

19
Q

What is encryption software

A

Encodes text so it cannot be understood or read without knowing a key to decode it

20
Q

What type of organisations would encrypt their software

A

Councils
Accountants
Companies

21
Q

What are encryption software utilities commonly used for

A

Encrypts hard disks so data cannot be understood if a computer is stolen

Encrypts files and folders on a portable disk such as USB removable storage

Encrypt communication with website

Encrypts data in an organisation’s database, especially sensitive data such as passwords

22
Q

What is data compression

A

Reduces the size of the information into smaller bits which saves lots of space.

When applying data compression, time is decreased to process efficiently due to the shrinking and reduction size of the data

23
Q

What is backup

A

Creates a copy of every single file we have, which is automatically saved

24
Q

Why is incremental backup not always good

A

If no activity has been done on a file, it doesn’t save.

25
Q

What is disk defragmentation

A

When a broken or damaged file is removed due to

Decreasing quality
Taking up storage space

It also puts all fragments of a file together, so it can be read faster

Computer Science (6 decks)

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