Operating System Types Flashcards
OBJ 1.8: Explain common OS types and their purposes.
works on standalone machines that are conencted to a small group of networks (SOHO)
Home Client
Works on the system that is connected to manage business domain systems (Active Directory server)
Business Client
OS designed to run on servers in a business network
Network OS (NOS)
Works with handheld mobile devices (Android/iOS)
Smartphone/tablet OS
Source code can be downloaded/modified or redistributed (linux/android)
Open Source OS
Creator retains all rights to use, modify and redistribute (Windows, MacOS, ChromeOS)
Closed Source OS
systems will stop receiving updates, security patches, or bug fixes
End of Life (EOL)
■ A graphical operating system developed and published by Microsoft
■ One of the most popular operating systems in the world
Windows
Age of support for servers
10 years (minimizes downtime)
Age of support for workstations
5 years
When will Windows 10 stop operating
October 2025
Windows server 2016 will be supported by Microsoft up until
Jan 2027
Windows server 2019 will be supported all the way up through
Jan 2029
Windows server 2022 will be supported all the way up through
October 2031
Made by lots and lots of different companies, organizations, and
individual people (Red Hat, Debian, and SUSE are the main ones)
-Open source
Linux
Debian based Linux system
Ubuntu
Red Hat based Linux system
Fedora and CentOS
A free software you can install on your desktop or your server, but has annual fee if support is needed
Ubuntu
Community supported distributions
Fedora, Debian, Mint, Arch, or CentOS
Lifecycle support that has version numbers associated with them (ubuntu v 22.04 LTS)
Standard Release Model
There is no long-term support version and there’s no version
numbers at all because you’re dealing with this constant update
(Arch Linux)
Rolling Release Model
Most IoT devices will use this OS
Linux
80% of servers use:
Linux
■ A specific operating system that was designed to be able to support the
smartphone and tablet market
■ Originally released by the open handset Alliance, which is primarily
backed and driven by Google
-Open source based on Linux
Android OS
■ Proprietary operating system developed by Google
■ Developed to run specifically on laptops and desktop hardware created
by Google
■ This hardware was designed to keep costs very low
-built-in virus protection and firewalls
ChromeOS
Versions of this OS are named after desserts
Android (Android 13-Tiramisu)
Operating system used on Mac computers, built by Apple
● iMac
● Mac desktop
● MacBook
-Proprietary
macOS
macOS was previously called:
OSX
Versions of this OS are named after places in California
macOS (Ventura)
Developed by apple for their smartphones and tablets
○ Developed as a closed source operating system
○ Have a very high percentage of total market share for
mobile devices
-based on Unix
iOS and iPadOS
built on a kernel called darwin - based on Unix
macOS
Developed as a fork of the main iOS branch
-supports multitasking
iPadOS
Organize data and information on a hard drive, solid state drive, or other storage device
- must be created before you can install an operating system or
storage device like a hard disk drive
Filesystem
Windows operating systems use
NTFS, FAT32, or exFAT
Linux will use
ext3, ext4, or exFAT
macOS uses the Apple file system known as
APFS
A 64-bit filesystem that allows for large volumes and very large file sizes
Linux and macOS cannot read this filesystem type
NTFS
Some key features of NTFS
Journaling, Snapshots, Security, POSIX, compliance, indexing, and dynamic discs
allows for faster recovery from power outages and crashes
Journaling
allow you to make a read-only copy of a file, even if it is
already locked
-volume shadow copy service
Snapshots
has a higher security level and allows you access to audit trails,
quota management, and an encrypting filesystem
NTFS
Each file can be protected against unauthorized access
Encrypting Filesystem (EFS)
supports Unix and Linux compatibility between NTFS and a Unix or Linux filesystem
POSIX
Are linux and unix case sensitive when naming files?
Yes
a catalog of file and folder locations to help speed up searches
Indexing
can combine physical discs into one larger disc that is
understood by the operating system
Dynamic discs
You can only have a total drive size of up to 2 TB and the maximum file size is 4 GB in this Filesystem
■ limited due to it being a 32-bit allocation table, where the
maximum file size is around 4.2 billion bytes or 4 GB
■ supported by Windows, Unix, Linux, and macOS
■ is usually used on removable drives like external hard drives or
USB flash drives
FAT32 (File Allocation Table 32 bit)
These are supported by Linux and Unix systems, but not by Windows or macOS by default
Extended file type system, also known as ext3 and ext4
has a maximum volume size of 32 TB and maximum file size of 2 TB
-supports journaling
ext3
4 has a maximum volume size of 1 EB and maximum file size of 16 TB
-better performance than ext3
ext4
has been the default file system of macOS since 2018
considered a journaled filesystem, and provides same journaling
benefits as in NTFS
has a higher level of performance when dealing with SSD than a
traditional HDD
-full disc encryption
APFS
supports large volumes of up to 128 PB in size and file sizes of up to 16 EB
considered cross platform capable and can be used on Windows,
Unix, Linux, or macOS
64 bit version of FAT
exFAT (Extensible file allocation table)
Most computers can talk the same language using:
TCP/IP
What may keep a business from upgrading OS?
some peripherals in a business may only be supported by older operating systems
If computers are not of same OS, what would they use to communicate with each other?
Third party file server
