OPERANT LEARNING: REINFORCEMENT Flashcards
What area of the brain produces dopamine when stimulated?
REWARD PATHWAY
What do you call it when a behavior that has been reinforced multiple times tends to persist in the face of obstructions?
BEHAVIOURAL MOMENTUM
What do you call secondary reinforcers that are applicable in various situations? (i.e. money)
GENERALIZED REINFORCERS
What do you call the phenomenon wherein [primary] reinforcers lose their effectiveness?
SATIATION
What do you call the relationship between behavior and its consequences?
LAW OF EFFECT
What kind of reinforcement increases the occurrence of a behavior by removing an unpleasurable stimulus?
NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
What kind of reinforcement strengthens a behavior by presenting a pleasurable consequence?
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
What kind of reinforcer is not innate but the result of learning?
SECONDARY REINFORCER
What kind of reinforcer is provided by someone to modify behavior?
CONTRIVED REINFORCER
What kind of reinforcer is used in escape-avoidance learning?
NEGATIVE REINFORCER
What kind of reinforcer is used in reward learning?
POSITIVE REINFORCER
What kind of reinforcer spontaneously follows a behavior? (i.e. pedaling a bicycle automatically causes it to move forward)
NATURAL REINFORCER
What makes use of consequences to increase the occurrence of behavior?
REINFORCEMENT
What makes use of consequences to increase the occurrence of behavior?
DOPAMINE
What theory of positive reinforcement makes use of “drives” to explain behavior?
DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY
What theory of positive reinforcement states that behavior becomes reinforcing if an individual is prevented from performing it at a normal frequency?
RESPONSE-DEPRIVATION THEORY
What theory of positive reinforcement states that different kinds of behavior have different values that are relative to one another?
RELATIVE VALUE THEORY
What theory states that avoidance learning makes use of only operant conditioning?
ONE-PROCESS THEORY
What theory states that both classical and operant conditioning are involved in avoidance learning?
TWO-PROCESS THEORY
What type of motivating operation increases the effectiveness of a consequence in altering a behavior?
ESTABLISHING OPERATION
What variable affecting operant learning changes the effectiveness of a consequence in altering behavior?
MOTIVATING OPERATION
