Operant Consequences

Question 1

Law of Effect

Answer 1

Thorndike. Organisms learn througn the consequences of their actions.

Question 2

Operant Behavior

Answer 2

Behavior that has an effect on the environment, and is primarily under the control of its consequences.

Question 3

Operant Selection

Answer 3

The process of behavioral variability, selection by consequences, and behaviroal reproduction occurs throughout the organism’s lifetime.

Question 4

Simplest type of operant contingency

Answer 4

R-S (Response-Stimulus)

Question 5

Reinforcement

Answer 5

An environmental change that follows a response and increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior

Question 6

Punishment

Answer 6

Occurs when stimulus change immediately follows a response and decreases the future frequency of that type of behavior in similar conditions.

Question 7

Positive reinforcement

Answer 7

An environemental change in which a stimulus is added or magnified following a response, that increases the future frequency of that response.

Question 8

Negative reinforcment

Answer 8

An environmental change in which a stimulus is subtracted (withdrawn or removed) or attenduated following a response, and which increases or maintains the future frequency of that behavior.

Question 9

SR+

Answer 9

Unconditioned Positive Reinforcement

Question 10

Sr+

Answer 10

Conditioned Positive Reinforcement.

Question 11

SR-

Answer 11

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcement

Question 12

Sr-

Answer 12

Conditioned Negative Reinforcement

Question 13

SP+

Answer 13

Unconditioned Positive Punishment

Question 14

Sp+

Answer 14

Conditioned Positive Punishment

Question 15

SP-

Answer 15

Unconditioned Negative Punishment

Question 16

Sp-

Answer 16

Conditioned Negative Punishment

Question 17

Extinction

Answer 17

The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior.

Question 18

Automaticity

Answer 18

Behavior is modified by its consequences irrespective of the person’s awareness

Question 19

Premack Principle

Answer 19

If the opportunity to engage in a “preferred” or “high probability” behavior is made contingent on engaging in a “less preferred” behavior, the future duration of the “less preferred” behavior will increase

Question 20

Reinforcer

Answer 20

A stimulus that, when presented following a response, increase or maintains the future frequency of the response.

Question 21

Unconditioned Reinforcer

Answer 21

A stimulus that, usually, is reinforcing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance

Question 22

Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 22

A stimulus that initially has no innate reinforcing properties, but acquires reinforcing properties through pairing with unconditioned reinforcers or powerful conditioned reinforcers

Question 23

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 23

A conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with a variety of other reinforcers and which is effective for a wide range of behaviors

Question 24

Escape

Answer 24

Behavior that terminates an aversive stimulus

Question 25

Avoidance

Answer 25

Terminates a "warning" stimulus; prevents or delays the onset of the aversive stimulus

Question 26

warning stimulus

Answer 26

A conditioned aversive stimulus whose presence is correlated with the upcoming onset of an unconditioned aversive stimulus

Question 27

unsignaled avoidance

Answer 27

No clear warning stimulus, but a response can still delay or prevent the occurence of the aversive event

Question 28

Automatic Reinforcement

Answer 28

The response itself directly produces the reinforcing consequence. That is, the consequence is NOT mediated by another person.

Question 29

Socially Mediated Reinforcement

Answer 29

The consequence is mediated by another person

Question 30

Schedule of Reinforcemetn

Answer 30

Specifies the criteria for reinforcement in terms or number of response required and/or when the response occurs.

Question 31

Planned reinforcement

Answer 31

A person explicitly arrange the contingency

Question 32

Unplanned reinforcement

Answer 32

The contingency was not explicity arranged

Question 33

Operant Extinction

Answer 33

The process by which a previously reinforced behavior is weakened by witholding reinforcement.

Question 34

Operant Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 34

The sudden and temporary reappearence of a behavior following extinction

Question 35

Resurgence

Answer 35

The reappearence of a previously extinguished behavior during the extinction of a more recently reinforced behavior

Question 36

Unconditioned Punisher

Answer 36

A stimulus that, usually, is punishing without any prior learning; that is, its effect is due to phylogenic provenance

Question 37

Conditioned Punisher

Answer 37

A stimulus that initially has no innate punishing properties, but acquires punishing properties through pairing with unconditoned punishers or powerful condition punishers.

Question 38

Positive Punisher

Answer 38

An environmental change in which a stimluls is added or magnified following a response, that decreases the future frequency of that response

Question 39

Negative Punishment

Answer 39

An environmental change in which a stimulus is removed or attenuated following a response which decrease the future frequency of that behavior

Question 40

Time out from positive reinforcement

Answer 40

A procedure based on the principle of negative punishment; the organism cannot access generally specific reinforcers

Question 41

Recovery from Punishment

Answer 41

The process by which a previously punished behavior is strengthened by withholding punishment.