OPERANT CONDITIONING Flashcards
use a food reward to guide the dog into the desired position/behavior.
Lure A Behavior
similar to luring, but no food in hand. Move body in a way to encourage the desired action, rather than let the food itself be the focus.
Prompting
is the reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior. (involves reinforcing behaviors that are closer to the target behavior)
Shaping
waits for the learner to initiate a behavior him or herself.
Free-Shaping
is when an animal performs more than one behavior before earning positive reinforcement. (sit, stay, lay down… THEN treat)
chain behavior
When the unwanted behavior gets worse before it gets better during the onset of being ignored.
e.g: The dog is saying this to itself. “Hey, this always worked before. I must not be jumping high enough or biting hard enough. Somehow they’re just not noticing me. I must have to try harder”
Extinction Burst
stimulus that causes a change in the environment, has no effect on the dog
Neutral stimulant
stimulus that stands out in the environment, the dog notices more than other environment stimuli
Salient stimulant
stimulus that causes a change of state in the dog, that causes dog to perform a specific behavior
Discriminative stimulant
Coercing a dog into a desired position.
e.g. Many trainers get a down by stepping on the dog’s leash so that it is so short the dog is pulled into a down position through force applied to the collar.
Molding/”Getting Behavior”
What are the 4 quadrants of Operant Conditioning?
Positive Reinforcement, Negative Punishment, Positive Punishment, Negative Reinforcement
Each behavior in the Chain (behavior) reinforces the previously performed behavior. *makes for strong reinforcement history & dog will remember them extremely well
Back Chaining
Technique used to breakup tension i social encounters & to keep dogs safe by firmly stepping forward, arms crossed and into dog’s space
Body Blocking
Salivation, nausea, increased or decreased heart rate, pupil dilation or constriction, or even a reflexive motor response (such as touching a hot stove) are examples of
involuntary responses
Technique of safely exposing the pet to the stimulus at a level at or below which fear is likely to be exhibited. (Introduce dog to stimulus slowly, step-by-step, so that dog is able to cope adequately, starting from a distance far enough away so dog is not reactive to it.)
(ex: nail dremmel. dog’s terrified. so you leave dremmel lying around house for dog to examine. At times rub it on her. Later turn it on from across room, next turned on- touch dog with the cord so dog can feel vibration etc. etc. until the dog is comfortable with dremmel being used on dog’s nails.)
Desensitization
- An extinction procedure in which the conditioned stimulus is presented with the unconditioned stimulus.
- Dog is exposed to stimulus in full force with the hope that dog will habituate to it.
(Not recommended. It’s very likely that this technique will end up ‘sensitizing’ the dog to the stimulus, therefore making dog ore fearful to the stimulus. Use last resort)
Flooding
Pros & Cons of Flooding
Pros-
-normally, its a quick procedure.
-if everything’s done right, it works in most cases.
Cons-
-The dog may bite the handler, which will ruin using the technique and can actually teach the dog to resolve future conflict situations by biting
-The dog may escape which will just train him to fight even harder every time he is in a conflicting situation, because the dog learns that it is possible to escape the threat.
-If something is done incorrectly, it is highly possible for the dog to end up in a more serious state than before
Technique used to change the pet’s attitude or emotional response to a stimulus. Response substitution is a technique in which the pet is taught, using reinforcement-based techniques, to replace the undesirable behavior with one that is desirable.
Counter-Conditioning
What are each of these examples of?
- ) Adding a food reward to encourage good behavior (obedience)
- ) Adding leash correction to discourage bad behavior (disobedience)
- ) Removing leash pressure to encourage good behavior (obedience)
- ) Remove something like a toy or free roaming (crate dog) to discourage bad behavior (disobedience)
- ) You ignore & make no reaction to sharp puppy nibbles in hope that your dog gives up the behavior on it’s own until he no longer gets a response from you and gets bored of biting. Dog stops completely
- +Positive Reinforcement
- +Positive Punishment
- -Negative Reinforcement
- -Negative Punishment
- Extinction
The disappearance of a behavior through lack of reinforcement. One technique of solving certain types of behavior problems is to do nothing.
Extinction
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING SITUATION: Trainer asks dog, “Do you want a treat?”. Dog lays there wagging it’s tail.
What is the conditioned stimulus?
What is the conditioned response?
What is the unconditioned stimulus?
CS= “Do you want a treat?”
CR= Dog’s happy / Tail wagging
US= The treat itself
What stimulant has no effect on the dog?
ex: A bell. Without being trained to do anything with it
Neutral Stimulant
Which stimulant does the dog notice more than the environmental stimuli and is natural, inborn, automatic
ex: Food… response is salivating.
Salient Stimulant
Which stimulant changes the state of the dog and causes dog to perform a specific behavior?
ex: Sound of treat bag shaking, dog salivates and pays attn to it.
Discriminative Stimulant
A thing/event that evokes a specific function/reaction
Stimulus
Unconditioned, Conditioned, Neutral, Salient & Discriminative are each a type of Stimulus that is what type of conditioning?
Classical Conditioning
Stimulus that dog has a natural response to
ex: dog salivates to seeing it’s food.
Unconditioned Stimulus
Stimulus that dog is made taught to do
ex: Dog hears bell, does nothing. But when dog hears bell and while being rewarded a treat, now dog is ready for bell to ring and receive its reward.
Conditioned Stimulus (plus the dog just made a conditioned response to the bell)
Response that has to happen in every place/time/during any distraction
Generalization
Stimuli that are not noticed by dog because there are more salient stimuli around. Salient overshadows many other stimuli.
Overshadowing
The ability to choose between 2 or more differnet things. (can be hard to teach)
Discrimination
- what happens when rewards are o longer given.
- behavior is degraded until no longer offered.
- this isn’t unlearning, dog is simply learning a new rule.
What happens when Extinction occurs
A phenomenon that occurs when the use of a known cue overrides the dog’s ability to learn a new cue for the same behavior.
ex: “sit” means sit. it can’t mean “lay down”. BUT dog can learn several cues that mean “sit”
ex #2: Making a fist & saying “sit”
Blocking
What happens to a less Salient Stimuli?
They are overshadowed
focused on prevention in general. It aims to limit the number of times dog performs the unwanted behavior by identifying and eliminating environmental cues which may trigger it.
Stimulus Control
