Operant Conditioning Flashcards
What are the 4 squares of the operant conditioning matrix
Positive and negative reinforcement
Positive and negative punishment
Define positive and negative in terms of operant conditioning
Positive means ‘something added’ and negative means ‘something removed’
Define positive reinforcement
Something is added to increase the frequency of behaviour
Define positive punishment
Something is added to decrease the frequency of behaviour
Define negative reinforcement
Something is taken away to increase the frequency of behaviour
Define negative punishment
Something is removed to decrease the frequency of behaviour
What are the 3 motivators?
Access something pleasant
To prevent something unpleasant
Or the behaviour itself is fun (self reinforcing behaviour)
Timing behaviour coms?
1 second to let know to repeat behaviour and 1 second to let the know to not repeat the behaviour
What are the 3 ‘Primary reinforcing’ behaviours?
Food
Toys
Affection
Conditioned reinforcer (marker)?
Sound or click that predicts a reward
What must follow a conditioned reinforcer?
A primary reinforcer
Why are the conditioned reinforcers valuable to dogs?
They predict the primary reinforcers.
The sounds are like money, only valuable because we understand what follows receiving it.
How soon after the conditioned reinforcer (marker) do you have to deliver the primary reinforcer?
As long as the dog is still engaged with you
What are the four steps to classical conditioning?
Command (word or gesture)
Motivate (physical que to help signal desired behaviour)
Mark or reward (conditioned reinforcer sound or treat/toy/affection)
Reward (primary reinforcer - treat/toy/affection)
Classic conditioning - working backwards?
Loading the markers or engagement training (reward)
Physically show the dog what is required until it understands
Name the Command
Operant dog?
A dog that understands that their behaviour has an affect on their environment. That they can make choices which make good things happen or bad things.
Confident
Motivated
That knows how to navigate in our world in ways that other dogs don’t.
What is a continuation marker?
Reward or primary
Terminal marker?
Release and reward (used when dog is expected to stay in position until released)
What does the reinforcer ‘wrong’ mean?
Stop/go back to the previous position
What do or conditional reinforcers predict?
Yes/free - treat/toy/affection (positive reinforcement)
Wrong - pressure (negative reinforcement lead, hand on bum etc)
No - Correction (positive punishment ie lead pop)
Uh ah - you made a mistake (no reward ie no treat or fuss - negative punishment) repeat command
What is ‘loading the markers’ also known as?
Engagement training
