Open Water Flashcards
As a newly certified PADI Open Water Diver, you are trained to dive with a buddy as deep as _________.
18 meters / 60 feet
(True or False)
Certain medical conditions can be hazardous while diving, so it is important to answer all questions on the Medical Statement honestly and completely.
True
PADI courses are performance-based. This means that to be certified, you must:
Meet specific performance requirements
(True or False)
Failure to complete assigned independent study can create significant delays, and the instructor may have to cancel and reschedule sessions until the assignment is completed.
True
(True or False)
When diving in a new dive environment, two benefits of seeking an orientation, supervision and/or additional training are that it helps you avoid problems and that it helps you enjoy the dive more.
True
As you descend in water, the pressure ___________.
Increases,
A depth change of 10 meters / 33 feet causes a pressure change of _________ bar / ata
1
If you take 6 liters of air from the surface to 20 meters / 66 feet, the volume will be ________ liters.
2
The density of the air in the previous question would be ______ the density at the surface.
Three times
A balloon fully inflated and sealed at 10 meters / 33 feet, would probably _____ during ascent to the surface.
Burst
As you descend, increasing pressure affects your ______.
Mask, sinuses, and ears
A squeeze is caused by ______.
A pressure imbalance between the surrounding pressure and an air space.
Equalization is the process of ______.
Adding air to an airspace.
You should equalize _____.
Before you feel pain or discomfort.
You’re descending and discover you can’t equalize. The first thing you would do is ______.
Stop your descent and signal your buddy / the instructor.
(True or False)
You equalize gently because an extended, forceful equalization can cause permanent damage to your ears and hearing.
True.
On a day you plan to go diving, you wake up with your sinuses blocked due to a cold or allergy, You should _______.
Cancel the dive until you’re well.
(True or False)
When scuba diving, normal breathing keeps your lungs equalized to the surrounding pressure.
True
The most important rule in scuba diving is _____.
Breathe continuously and never hold your breath.
(True or False)
Failure to follow the most important rule in scuba diving can cause severe lung overexpansion injuries, which can result in paralysis or death.
True.
During ascent, you feel discomfort in your ears. You should ______.
Stop, descend slightly and allow trapped air to work its way out.
Your buddy and you descend to 12 meters / 40 feet. You would expect to use your air ______ than at 6 meters / 20 feet.
Faster.
The most efficient way to breathe dense air underwater is to breathe _____.
Deeply and slowly.
(True or False)
Your body responds to anxiety with increased breathing, but slow breathing helps reduce anxiety.
True.
Four breathing rules are: ______.
1) Breathe continuously and never, ever hold your breath.
2) Breath slowly and deeply.
3) Do not allow yourself to get winded or out-of-breath.
4) If faced with a problem, stop, then maintain or restore slow, deep breathing.
(True or False)
Buoyancy is a force that pushes an object in water upward.
True.
Your sunglasses case falls out of your pocket into the water, but fortunately, it floats so you retrieve it. You would say your sunglasses case is _____ buoyant.
Positively.
(True or False)
Salt Water causes more buoyancy than fresh water because it is less dense and weighs less.
False. Salt water causes more buoyancy because it is more dense and weighs more; buoyancy results from the weight of the water displaced.
To control your buoyancy, you will use your weight system and your _______.
BCD.
When you descend, your buoyancy tends to _____. When you ascend, your buoyancy tends to _____.
Decrease, Increase
Underwater, when you inhale, your buoyancy ______.
Increases slightly.
(True or False)
It is important to master buoyancy control because it affects almost everything you do in and underwater.
True.
(True or False)
In recreational diving, the buddy system means diving with another diver or divers in a team that provides assistance and safety benefits.
True.
Overall benefits of the buddy system include ______.
Practicality, safety, and fun.
The three most important considerations in choosing scuba equipment are suitability, fit, and ______.
Comfort.
(True or False)
Getting the service your gear needs may be a consideration when choosing equipment.
True.
Before each use, you should ______ your equipment.
Inspect
You need a mask because _____.
Your eyes must be in air to focus.
Your mask encloses your nose so you can ______.
Equalize the mask.
(True or False)
From among masks that fit, you should choose a mask that fits as far away from your face as possible.
False. Choose a low profile that sits as close to your face as possible.
PADI
Professional Association of Diving Instructors
ACE
American Council on Education
BCD
Buoyancy Control Device
You want to adjust your mask so the strap rests ______.
Above your ears, over the crown of your head.
(True or False)
Snorkels are standard equipment for scuba diving because they allow you to breathe with your face in the water, or in rough conditions, without wasting your scuba air, especially when you have little scuba air remaining.
True
(True or False)
Some scuba divers prefer a snorkel with a flexible lower portion so it drops out of the way when not in use.
True.
When your snorkel is in your mouth, the tip should be _______.
Over the crown of your head.
(True or False)
Fins provide a large surface area so your legs can push against the water effectively.
True
The two basic fin styles are _____.
Adjustable and full-foot
Your primary considerations when choosing fins are fit and _____.
Blade size
(True or False)
To prepare adjustable fins, you should adjust the straps wearing your wet suit boots.
True.
What are the four systems that make up a scuba kit?
1) BCD
2) Weight system
3) Cylinder
4) Regulator
(True or False)
There’s no real benefit to choosing the components of your scuba kit as an integrated package.
False. Although the components are generally interchangeable, choosing your scuba kit as a package helps you best meet your preferences.
LPI
Low Pressure Inflator
(True or False)
The LPI mechanism inflates the BCD with air from your scuba cylinder.
True
(True or False)
Your BCD should have adequate capacity to easily float your equipment and you at the surface.
True.
Your BCD should fit _____.
snugly but not restrict breathing when fully inflated.
(Yes or No)
Your buddy is rinsing a BCD and partially fills the bladder with water. Is this consistent with recommended BCD care?
Yes
SPG
Submersible Pressure Gauge
What are the five components of a regulator?
1) First Stage
2) Primary second stage
3) Alternate air source
4) SPG / computer
5) Low pressure inflator hose
The most important consideration when choosing a regulator is _____.
Ease of breathing.
When choosing an alternate air source, a primary consideration involves deciding ______.
Between independence and simplicity.
(True or False)
The SPG is always part of the dive computer.
False. The SPG May be an independent instrument, or it may be integrated into your dive computer.
(True or False)
The local dive pro will usually set up your regulator components.
True.
When setting up and wearing your kit, the alternate air source ______.
Should be secured in the triangle formed by your hips and chin.
(True or False)
Regulators need periodic overhauls, typically every year or two.
True.
EANx
Enriched Air Nitrox
The _____ is a safety device that relieves accidental overpressure by releasing air before reaching the pressure at which the cylinder would fail.
Burst disk
(True or False)
A cylinder with a higher working pressure always holds more air than a cylinder with a lower working pressure.
False. A cylinder’s capacity depends on both it’s working pressure and it’s internal capacity.
(Yes or No)
You’re renting a scuba cylinder at a dive resort. Among the cylinders for hire, some have green and yellow bands that read “Nitrox”. As a PADI open water Diver with no other training or instructor supervision, are you qualified to use one of these cylinders?
No, until you are a PADI Open Water Diver and a PADI Enriched Air Diver.
You bring a cylinder aboard a dive boat in preparation for a trip out to a nearby reef. The normal procedure would be to _____.
Secure the cylinder in a rack.
You should have your scuba cylinder filled ______.
Only by reputable scuba air stations.
Scuba cylinders require pressure testing every _____ and visual inspection ______.
2-5 years, annually
The most important feature in a weight system is its _______.
Quick release.
(True or False)
You must be able to quickly release enough weight to float reliably in an emergency, but not necessarily all my weight.
True.
Trim means having the right ______ of weight.
Distribution.
(True or False)
One reason for wearing more than one weight system is that it is sometimes easier than handling a single, heavier one.
True.
Accessory weights ______.
Can help you adjust your trim.
0m / 0ft
Pressure?
Volume?
Density?
Pressure = 1bar / ata Volume = 1 Density = x1
As you ascend, you need to equalize your air spaces. What are acceptable ways of equalizing your ears?
1) Block your nose and attempt to gently blow through it.
2) Swallow and wiggle the jaw from side to side.
10m / 33ft
Pressure?
Volume?
Density?
Pressure = 2bar / ata Volume = 1/2 Density = x2
30m / 99ft
Pressure?
Volume?
Density?
Pressure = 4 bar / ata Volume = 1/4 Density= x4
You should equalize ______.
Early and often, before you feel discomfort.
40m / 132ft
Pressure?
Volume?
Density?
Pressure = 5 bar / ata Volume = 1/5 Density = x5
During a descent, you try to equalize but discover you are having trouble doing so. What should you do?
Stop your descent
Signal your buddy
Ascend slightly
Try to equalize again
(True or False)
You should not dive with a cold, nor use medications to dive with a cold.
True.
(True or False)
Failure to follow the most important rule in scuba diving can cause serious lung overexpansion (lung rupture) injuries, which in turn can cause paralysis and death.
True.
The most important rule in scuba diving is ______.
Breathe continuously and never hold your breath.
Your buddy and you are planning a dive to 18 meters / 60 feet. We would expect our air supply to last _____ of at 10 meters /33 feet, all else being the same.
shorter than that
If you feel discomfort in a body air space while ascending, the correct action is to ______.
Stop, descend slightly and give trapped air time to work its way out.
During a dive, you swim hard enough to keep up with a fish that interests you, but shortly begin to feel like you can’t get enough air. The correct action would be to _____.
Stop all activity and rest to restore proper deep, slow breathing.
An object that is neutrally buoyant in fresh water will _____ in salt water.
Float.
You’re planning to dive the following week and are checking your gear. You put your kit together and notice that your regulator seems to breathe harder then you remember. The appropriate action would be to _____.
Have it inspected and serviced as needed by a professional before using it.
(True or False)
The three overall benefits of the buddy system are practicality, safety, and fun.
True.
(True or False)
It is important to master buoyancy control because it allows you to control whether you descend, float, or are neutrally buoyant. You adjust your buoyancy frequently while diving.
True.
The primary considerations when choosing any piece of scuba gear are _____.
Suitability, fit, and comfort.
(True or False)
There is no way to use a DIN regulator on a yoke cylinder valve.
True.
Underwater objects appear ______.
larger and / or closer.
Your buddy has a bright red shoulder patch on his wet suit. If you’re diving together in very clear water on a sunny day, at 12 meters / 40 feet you would expect the patch to appear ____.
Less red than at the surface.
While your buddy and you are diving, a motorboat passes by about 300 meters / yards away. How does the motorboat sound?
You may have difficulty determining where the boat is based on the sound.
(True or False)
Because water is denser then air, it takes more effort to move through water.
True.
To move efficiently as a diver, you should move _____.
Slowly and steadily.
(True or False)
Streamlining benefits you as a diver because it reduces drag, which helps you save energy.
True.
Water’s density works best for you when you use the skill of _____.
controlling your buoyancy.
Trim is important for streamlining because _____.
poor trim raises or lowers your feet, causing drag. Note: you can still have poor trim even with the correct amount of weight.
(True or False)
You chill faster in water than in air of the same temperature because water absorbs more heat than air does.
True.
To stay comfortably warm during a dive, you should ______.
wear an appropriate exposure suit.
While diving, you start to feel cool and shortly begin to shiver uncontrollably. You should _____.
End the dive immediately, dry off and seek warmth.
One method of airway control is to inhale slowly. You can also ______ to help breathe past small amounts of water in your regulator.
Raise your tongue.
While scuba diving, you should breathe _____.
Slowly and deeply.
After 30 minutes underwater, you start to feel a bit too cool and uncomfortable. You should ______.
End the dive.
(True or False)
If you’re tired, have labored breathing and feel air-starved and anxious during a dive, it is likely you are experiencing overexertion.
True.
Overexertion results from ______.
a prolonged increased effort.
BWRAF
Predive Safety Check
(Begin With Review And Friend)
B- BCD
W- Weight
R- Releases
A- Air
F- Final Check
If you think you’re overexerting while underwater, you should stop, signal your buddy, and _____.
Rest.
(True or False)
You and your buddies are planning a dive. Among other things, you should address how to enter and exit the water, the maximum depth and time, when to turn the dive, and what to do if we get separated.
True.
(True or False)
As you and your buddy kit up, the normal practice is to be entirely independent. Helping each other is discouraged.
False. Buddies normally help each other. How much you assist each other depends on the situation.
If you and your buddy get separated, the general procedure is to ______.
Look for each other for no more than a minute, then reunite on the surface.
The buddy system is ______ responsibility.
Your.
You and your buddy are planning a boat dive with the same type cylinders filled to 200bar / 3000psi. Due to conditions, you are planning very conservatively. You agree on 60bar / 800psi for our reserve. You agree that we also want an additional 30bar / 500psi for our ascent and safety stop. This means you should begin your ascent when either of your SPG reads _______.
90bar / 1300psi
(True or False)
At the surface, it’s a good habit to keep your mask on and your snorkel or regulator in our mouth because it helps you deal with difficulties more effectively.
True.
You and your buddies plan to enter the water but swim on the surface to a descent point about 50 meters / yards away. A primary reason we will do this is because ______.
It saves your cylinder air for the dive.
To stay with your buddy while surface swimming, generally it works well to swim ______.
Side by side.
(True or False)
You are descending in open water with your buddies. After confirming they are ready, the next step is to signal “descend” and slowly deflate your BCD.
False. You:
1) Orient yourself,
2) Wwitch to your regulator
3) Check your dive computer or timing device
4) Deflate your BCD.
For the 50 meter / yard swim, you and your buddies will swim ______ because it is less tiring.
On your backs.
When descending with a reference, you would normally _____.
Use it as a visual reference only.
Your buddy and you have just started your descent. You begin equalizing _____.
Immediately, as soon as your head goes underwater.
As you descend while wearing a wetsuit, your buoyancy will tend to _____.
Decrease.
During your descent, to control your buoyancy, you add air to your BCD _______.
In small amounts, frequently.
(True or False)
Before starting your ascent, you should check your dive computer to be sure you’re within its limits.
True.
To start your ascent, you should _____.
Swim up gently.
When you’re ascending, you should ascend _____.
Slowly, at your computer’s required rate.
You’re ascending from a dive during which you’re wearing a wetsuit. Your buoyancy will _____ as you ascend unless I adjust with your BCD
Increase.
(True or False)
You would never find it necessary to ascend without a reference.
False. You may have to ascend away from a planned reference due to losing direction or to handle an emergency or problem.
To control your buoyancy while ascending, you should _____.
Vent your BCD in small amounts frequently.
When you reach the surface, the first thing you do is _____.
Inflate your BCD.
You wear an exposure suit whle diving for _____ and _____.
Protection and Warmth.
A safety stop is a stop between _____ and ______ for three to five minutes.
6 meters / 20 feet
3 meters / 10 feet
Which type of exposure suit requires a snug fit, without which water would carry away heat or it would be uncomfortable?
Wetsuit.
It’s a hot, sunny day, but your buddy and you are diving in water that is 21C / 70F. You are diving in a dry suit, and your buddy is diving in a full wetsuit. Both of you will wear hoods. In this situation, ___________ is likely to be an issue you will need to avoid before the dive.
Overheating.
Which type of exposure suit requires special training?
Dry suit.
A hood is important when diving in water cooler then approximately _____.
21C / 70F
(True or False)
The primary reason you carry a cutting tool is to defend yourself against sharks and other aquatic animals.
False. You carry a cutting tool for safety and convenience.
Which cutting tool is a bladed hook for cutting fishing line or net?
Z-knife.
You should wear at least your cutting tool _____.
Where either hand can reach it.
(True or False)
You need a dive gear bag to carry your equipment in a bag specifically designed to survive the stresses of diving.
True.
When choosing a gear bag, you should choose one ______ for the gear you have.
Slightly larger then what you need.
(True or False)
If you are using dive tables instead of a dive computer, you will need a dive timer and depth gauge.
True.
What three primary instruments would you normally have while diving?
1) SPG
2) Dive computer
3) Compass
(True or False)
It’s a sunny day and you are on a dive boat with no shade. It would be a good idea to cover your gear, including instruments, with a towel.
True.
While underwater, you want to move efficiently by _____.
1) Being streamlined
2) Swimming slowly and steadily
3) Maintining proper trim.
During a dive, you can’t stop shivering. The proper response would be to______.
Exit the water immediately, dry off and seek warmth.
During a dive, your buddy and you have to swim hard because of an unexpected current. If you were to begin to feel fatigued, have labor breathing, experience a feeling of suffocation or air starvation, and perhaps feel like I may panic, you should ______.
Stop all activity, signal your buddy and rest.
When planning your dive, your two buddies and you agree that the general procedure for buddy separation would be adequate. If during the dive you find you are with one buddy but can’t see the other, what should you do?
This is a buddy separation. Stay with the remaining buddy and search for no more than a minute, then reunite on the surface.
You take a colorful fish identification slate with you while diving. Looking at the slate underwater at 12 meters / 40 feet, you would expect the slate to look _____.
less colorful, and larger/closer.
The buddy system is _____ responsibility.
Your.
Your fin strap comes loose (you later discover you didn’t buckle it properly) while swimming at the surface in choppy waves. What habits would help you as you handle this problem?
1) Keep mask on
2) Mouthpiece in mouth
3) Having enough air in your BCD for adequate buoyancy
4) Staying close and signaling your buddy
You are about to begin a descent with your buddy. What steps should you take before actually beginning your descent?
1) Orient yourself to something at the surface.
2) Check that your computer is active.
3) Confirm that your buddy is ready.
Your buddy and you are planning a shore dive. You’re descending onto a very gradual slope that begins at 5 meters / 15 feet, so your descent and ascent will be a gradual part of swimming out and back underwater. You both have similar cylinders filled to 200 bar / 3000 psi. You both plan:
50 bar / 500 psi reserve
20 bar / 300 psi for your safety stop
To turn the dive when we’ve used one-third of the air available to use on the dive.
You will head back wien either of your SPGs reads ______.
157bar / 2270psi
Your buddies and you are wearing wetsuits for exposure protection. As you descend, your buoyancy will _____ , so you should ______ to control your buoyancy.
Decrease, add air frequently to your BCD in small amounts.
As a prudent, conservative diver, these are normal parts of my ascents: ________.
1) Ascending at 18 meters / 60 feet per minute (or slower if specified by the computer)
2) Stopping for 3 minutes at approximately 5 meters / 15 feet
3) Adjusting my buoyancy in small amounts frequently.
While boat diving, your buddy and you finish your safety stop and ascend to the surface. When you reach the surface you should______.
1) Inflate your BCD
2) Switch to your snorkel
3) Signal okay to the dive master
(True or False)
You should never descend or ascend without a reference that I can follow or make contact with.
False. There will be situations where you don’t have a reference.
Which suit provides insulation by a layer of air and undergarments?
Dry suit.
Which suit’s proper fit is important to keep water trapped against your body?
Wetsuit.
Which suit provides little or no insulation?
Skin suit
If you have only one cutting tool, the recommendation is that you wear it where _____ hand can reach it.
Either.
_______ can be a problem before the dive when diving on a warm day in a wetsuit or a dry suit.
Overheating.
(True or False)
You can enjoy diving in many different aquatic environments that include coral reefs, flooded quarries, and human-made dive environments.
True.
What conditions may affect you while diving?
Temperature, water movement, sunlight, aquatic life, and bottom composition.
In most (but not all) environments, as you go deeper, the water gets ______.
Colder.
