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Net+ > Open Systems Interconnection(OSI) > Flashcards

Open Systems Interconnection(OSI) Flashcards

1
Q

Reference Model

A

Used to categorize the functions of a network in the OSI model during troubleshooting efforts

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2
Q

7 Layers of the OSI
(Please Do Not Teach Students Pointless Abbreviations)

A

1) Physical,
2) Data links,
3) Network,
4) Transport,
5) Sessions,
6) Presented,
7) Application

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3
Q

Layers responsibility
Do Some People Fear Birthdays

A

Layers
5-7 (Data)
4(Segments)
3(Packets)
2(Fragments/frames)
1(Bits)

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4
Q

Physical Layer

A

Where transmission of bits across the network occurs and includes physical and electrical network characteristics

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5
Q

Transmission Modulation

A

If it changes during the clock cycle, then a 1 is represented. Otherwise, a 0 is represented

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6
Q

Cables

A

Crossover-flips transmission and receives bits on the end of a cable

Straight-through cables- Will receive the same standards on both sides

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7
Q

Asynchronous

A

Uses start and stop bits to indicate when transmissions occur from the sender to the receiver

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8
Q

Synchronous

A

Uses a reference clock to coordinate the transmission by both sender and receiver

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9
Q

Broadband

A

Divides our bandwidth into separate channels
-Ex. Cable TV and many channels

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10
Q

Baseband

A

Uses all available frequencies on a medium (cable) to transmit data
-Uses reference clock
- Ex. A phone call or wired home ethernet

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11
Q

Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM)

A

Each session takes a turn, using time slots, to share the medium between all users

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12
Q

Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing (StatTDM)

A

Dynamically allocates the time slots on an as-needed basis

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13
Q

Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM)

A

Divides the medium into channels based on frequencies and each session is transmitted over a different channel

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14
Q

Multiplexing

A

Involves optimizing a limited amount of resources for more efficient utilizaiton

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15
Q

Layer 1 Devices

A

Wired - Fiber optic cable, ethernet cable, coaxial cable

Wireless – Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Near Field Communication (NFC)

Infrastructure – Hubs, Access Points, Media Converters

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16
Q

Data Link

A

Packages data into frames and transmits those frames on the network

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17
Q

Media Access Control (MAC)

A

Physical addressing system of a device which operates on a logical topology

A unique 48-bit physical addressing system is assigned to every network interface card (NIC) produced

First 6 digits of mac are the Vendor Code Second 6 are a Unique value

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18
Q

Logical Link Control (LLC)

A

Provides connection services and allows acknowledgment of receipt of messages

Most basic form of flow control

Provides basic error control functions such as a checksum

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19
Q

Isochronous

A

Network devices use a common reference clock source and create time slots for transmission

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20
Q

Synchronous

A

Network devices agree on clocking method to indicate beginning and end of frames and can use control characters

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21
Q

Asynchronous

A

Network devices agree on clocking method to indicate beginning and end of frames and can use control characters

22
Q

Layer 2 Devices

A

Network interface cards, Bridges, Switches

23
Q

Layer 3 Network

24
Q

Packet Switching

A

Data is divided into packets and then forwarded

Most networks use this

25
Q

Circuit Switching

A

A dedicated communication link is established between the two devices

26
Q

Message Switching

A

Data is divided into messages which may be stored and then forwarded

27
Q

Route Discovery and Selection

A

Manually configure as a static route or dynamically through a routing protocol

28
Q

Connection Services

A

Augment Layer 2 connection services to improve reliability

29
Q

Packet Reordering

A

Ensures that all data reaches the receiver correctly at the ned destination

30
Q

Internet Control Message Protocol

A

Send error messages and operational information to an IP destination

31
Q

Internet Control Message Protocol

A

Sends error messages and operational info to an IP destination

32
Q

Layer 3 Devices

A

Routers, Multilayer switches(similar to a layer 2 switch but also operates as a later 3 router)

33
Q

Layer 3 Protocols

A

IPV4, IPV6, ICMP(Internet control message protocol)

34
Q

Transport Layer

A

Dividing line between the upper and lower layer of the OSI model

35
Q

Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)

A

Connection-oreinted protocol that is a reliable way to transport segments across the network

Three-way handshake- between client server sending SYN and receiving ACK creating the handsahke

36
Q

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A

Connectionless protocol that is an unreliable way to transport segments across the network

Uses Datagram instead of segments
If data drop sender will be unaware

37
Q

TCP VS UDP

A

TCP- Rliable, connection-oriented, segment retransmission and flow control through windowing, segment sequencing, acknowledges segments

UDP- Unreliable, connectionless, No windowing or retransmission, no sequencing, no acknowledgments

38
Q

Windowing

A

Allows the clients to adjust the amount of data in each segment

Less data is being sent with an increase in retransmission

More data is being sent with a decrease in retransmission

Windowing sends info, while minimizing retransmission and maxing throughput

39
Q

Buffering

A

Occurs when devices allocate memory to store segments if bandwidth is not readily available

40
Q

Layer 4 Devices

A

TCP, UDP, WAN accelerators, Load balancers and firewalls

41
Q

Layer 5 Session

A

Keeps conversations separate to prevent the intermingling of data

42
Q

Set up Session

A

Checking of user credentials and assigning numbers to sessions to help identify them

43
Q

Maintain Session

A

Where data transfers back and forth across the network

44
Q

Tear Down Session

A

Ending of a session after the transfer is done or when the other party disconnects

This can be done mutually or via one side

45
Q

Layer 6 Presentation

A

Formats the data to be exchanged and secures that data with proper encryption

Formatting and encryption are key words

46
Q

Data Formatting

A

The computer formats data to have compatibility between different devices

47
Q

American Standard code for information interchange (ASCII)

A

Ensures data is readable by receiving system, provides proper data structures, and negotiates data transfer syntax for the application layer (Layer 7)

48
Q

Layer 7 Applicaiton

A

Provides application-level services where users communicate with the computer

File transfer, Network transfer

49
Q

Application Services

A

Unites communicating components from more than one network application

POP3, IMAP, SMTP

50
Q

Service Advertisement

A

Sending out of announcements to other devices on the network to state the services they offer

51
Q

Examples of layer 7

A

Email applications like POP3, Web browsing like (HTTP), Domain Name Service (DNS), File Transfer protocol like (FTP), Remote access like (SSH)

Net+ (3 decks)

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