open questions part 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is allergy?
A
An abnormal reaction of the body to a previously encountered allergen introduced by inhalation, ingestion, injection or skin contact
Hypersensitivities:
- Type 1 - IgE - can happen after vaccine –> anaphylaxis
- Type 2 - IgG, IgM - touches the cell membrane, complement mediated, leads to cell lysis –> neonatal erythrosis
- Type 3 - Ag/Ab immunocomplex - affects the organs not the cell
- Type 4 - delayed reaction
2
Q
Which bacteria cause abortion
A
- Brucella abortus
- Chlamydia
- Camphylobacter
- Listeria
- Leptospirosis
3
Q
This affects efficiency of vaccine:
A
- Vaccine composition
- Route of administration
- Age
- Genetic predisposition
- Pregnancy
- Fever
- Immunosuppresion
4
Q
What is WAHIS
A
World Animal Health Information System
5
Q
Define eradication
A
- The permanent reduction of a disease of world wide incidence (caused by a specific etiological agent) to zero
- Continued intervention is no longer required
- Rinderpest + Small pox
- highest degree of control of epizootic measures
6
Q
What are the types of resistance
A
- Non-specific - can be increased by adjusting the conditions of breeding (hygiene/nutrition)
- Specific - increased by passive or active immunization - vaccination
7
Q
Tuberculin test values
A
- <2mm = negative
- 2-4mm = dubious
- > 4mm positive
8
Q
What is simultaneous tuberculin test
A
- On Day 1of the test, two sites are clipped on the neck of the animal. The skin thicknesses at both sites are measured and recorded.
- Two types of tuberculin, one made from killed Mycobacterium bovis and the other from killed Mycobacterium avium, are injected under the outer layer of the skin of the neck (i.e. into the dermis) at the ‘bovine site’ and the ‘avian site’ respectively.
- On Day 4 (72 hours) of the test, the skin reactions to the two types of tuberculin are measured and compared.
- When the bovine site reaction exceeds the avian site reaction by more than 4 mm, the animal is declared a reactor under standard interpretation. When the bovine site reaction measures 2-4 mm more than the avian site reaction, the animal is declared an inconclusive under standard interpretation.
9
Q
What is vaccine post exposure
A
- Post-exposure prophylaxis, also known as post-exposure prevention (PEP)
- is any preventive medical treatment started after exposure to a pathogen in order to prevent the infection from occurring
10
Q
Vaccination age:
A
Puppies:
- 8 weeks then 10 weeks
- booster every 2-4 weeks up till 16 weeks
Kittens:
- 10 weeks then 12-13 weeks
- booster every 2-4 weeks up to 16 weeks
11
Q
What are the buffer zones?
A
- first buffer zone (buffer zone) is an area with a radius of 3 km around the outbreak
- second buffer zone (zone surveillance) is an area with a radius of 10 km around the outbreak
- Infections, in which the etiological agent is transmitted by vectors (Bluetongue) can have radius of a second protective zone up to 150 km
12
Q
When is an infection declared liquidated?
A
- Infection is declared to be disposed of after the last animal patient is cured, destroying them, or displaced, so expired.
- during the observation period, which have found no new cases of a specific disease or suspicion of the disease or at (breeding) already are no susceptible animals part of the implementation is also passing the final disinfection or disinsection and rodent control
13
Q
Treatment is forbidden when?
A
- Infections belonging to the A list of infectious diseases (according to OIE);
- In all salmonelloses where the anthropogenic salmonellae are causative agents
- In mycobacteriosis
- In prionoses without any exceptions
14
Q
Properties of a good vaccine?
A
- Stimulate immune response distinguishable from that due to natural infection
- Long lasting strong immunity
- Safe
- Cheap, stable, usable in mass vaccination
- High antigenicity
- Free of adverse side effect
15
Q
Treatment is not recommended when?
A
Diseases affected more species of animals – rabies, FMD, tuberculosis, tularaemia, brucellosis
- Diseases of cattle – rinderpest, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
- Diseases of sheep – bluetongue, scrapie, Maedi-Visna
- Diseases of horses – glanders, african horse sickness, EIA
- Diseases of pigs – hog cholera, ASF
- Diseases of dogs and cats – toxoplasmosis
- Diseases of birds – fowl plague, Newcastle disease, pasteurellosis, infectious laryngotracheitis
