Open ended Flashcards
What are cytopathic effects of virus?
- cytokine storm (cytokines –> chemical signals [to turn off immune response])
- Lysosomes
- Inclusion bodies
- Antigenic changes
Innate immunity
Always present; no memory; rapid
Adaptive immunity –> acquired, has memory
- Humoral –> antibodies and B cells
- Cellular –> T cells
Acquired/active immunity –> long term (memory); develops after a person encounters an antigen
- natural –> get infection and survive
- artificial –> vaccines
Passive immunity –> Individual is given antibodies/immune cells to combat a disease; no memory
- natural –> antibodies across placenta, breast milk
artifically –> antibodies are injected (rabies shot)
Sterilization
Removal of all microbes (possible exception of prions)
commercial sterilization
heat treatment to kill c.botulinum in canned food
Disinfection
Destruction of vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects
Antisepsis
Destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue
Degerming
Removal of microbes from a limited area (skin around injection site)
Sanitization
lower microbial counts on eating and drinking supplies
Heat/boiling
bactericidal
Freezing (also smoking meat)
Bactericidal
Fridge
Bacteriostatic
Salt & sugar/osmotic pressure
- Water is drawn out
- can be both but probs bacteriostatic
Pickling
Probs bacteriostatic
Penicillin method of action
Inhibit cell wall synthesis (prevent crosslinking of peptidoglycan)
Is penicillin bactericidal or bacteriostatic?
Bactericidal
