Oops Its All The Chapters Flashcards
HAZMAT
Any substance that poses unreasonable risk when transported in commerce
HAZWOPER
OSHA’s Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
HAZWOPER five levels of training
1 first responder awareness
2 first responder operations
3 hazardous materials technician
4 hazardous materials specialist
5 on scene incident commander
First responder awareness
Trained only to recognize problem and call for help
First responder operations
Initial response to protect people, property, and environment
Will stay at safe distance, keep incident from spreading, and protecting others from exposure
Hazardous materials technician
Control the release of hazardous material
Hazardous materials specialist
More specific knowledge of various hazardous materials
Can act as a site liaison with government authorities
On scene incident commander
Implements ICS and all emergency response plans to manage HAZMAT incident
Responsibility of EMT in HAZMAT incident
Notify & control the scene, identify the substance
Can implement ICS until someone higher comes
Safe zone
Same level as and upwind from incident site (against wind)
Hot zone
Area of contamination/danger
Warm zone
Area where patients will be decontaminated
Cold zone
Area for equipment and other emergency rescuers (EMTs will be stationed here)
CHEMTREC
Chemical transportation emergency center
Call them for info about hazardous materials and initial action guidance
Other similar company is CHEM-TEL
Rehab area
For EMS personnel to take care of HAZMAT team members
- in the cold zone
- take vitals when suiting up and again when exiting hot zone
Phases of decontamination
1 gross decontamination
2 secondary decontamination
Gross decontamination
Removal or chemical alteration of most of the contaminant
Secondary decontamination
Removal or alteration of most of residual contamination
Decontamination for patients not wearing PPE
Particles brushed off & blotted off before rinsing whole body
Eyes irrigated after removing contact lens
Open wounds irrigated from body core working outward
- use plastic wrap to isolate wound once clean
Command sections
Operations
Planning
Logistics
Finance
Triage
Sorting patients into priority for transport or care
Priority 1 (red)
Treatable life threats
- airway, severe bleeding, decreased mental, severe medical, shock, severe burns
Priority 2 (yellow)
Serious but not life threatening
- burns without airway problems, bone & joint injuries
Priority 3 (green)
“Walking wounded”
- minor physical injuries
- might not need ambulance transport
Priority 4 (or 0) (black)
Dead or fatally injured
- exposed brain matter, cardiac arrest for over 20 minutes (excluding cold water drowning or hypothermia), etc
- larger incidents: respiratory arrest may fall here
START
Simple triage and rapid treatment
Only three treatments provided:
1 open airway
2 apply pressure to bleeding
3 elevate an extremity
START triage assess:
Respirations
Pulse
Mental status
START priority 1
Any altered mental status
Absent radial pulse but breathing
Respirations greater than 30/min
START priority 2
Are alert
Have radial pulses present
Have respirations less than 30/min
START priority 4
Are not breathing (after attempting to open airway)
No pulse no breathing
START priority 3
Retriage
SALT
Sort, assess, lifesaving interventions, treatment/transport
SALT forward movement
Patients moved to casualty collection point to be sorted and prioritized for treatment areas and transport
Secondary triage
Performed at triage area
Communicating with hospitals
Hospitals alerted as soon as magnitude of incidence is known
Communication by transportation supervisor
DOT class 1
Explosives
DOT class 2
Gases