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EMT Section 7 > Oops Its All The Chapters > Flashcards

Oops Its All The Chapters Flashcards

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1
Q

HAZMAT

A

Any substance that poses unreasonable risk when transported in commerce

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2
Q

HAZWOPER

A

OSHA’s Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response

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3
Q

HAZWOPER five levels of training

A

1 first responder awareness
2 first responder operations
3 hazardous materials technician
4 hazardous materials specialist
5 on scene incident commander

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4
Q

First responder awareness

A

Trained only to recognize problem and call for help

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5
Q

First responder operations

A

Initial response to protect people, property, and environment

Will stay at safe distance, keep incident from spreading, and protecting others from exposure

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6
Q

Hazardous materials technician

A

Control the release of hazardous material

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7
Q

Hazardous materials specialist

A

More specific knowledge of various hazardous materials

Can act as a site liaison with government authorities

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8
Q

On scene incident commander

A

Implements ICS and all emergency response plans to manage HAZMAT incident

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9
Q

Responsibility of EMT in HAZMAT incident

A

Notify & control the scene, identify the substance

Can implement ICS until someone higher comes

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10
Q

Safe zone

A

Same level as and upwind from incident site (against wind)

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11
Q

Hot zone

A

Area of contamination/danger

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12
Q

Warm zone

A

Area where patients will be decontaminated

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13
Q

Cold zone

A

Area for equipment and other emergency rescuers (EMTs will be stationed here)

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14
Q

CHEMTREC

A

Chemical transportation emergency center
Call them for info about hazardous materials and initial action guidance
Other similar company is CHEM-TEL

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15
Q

Rehab area

A

For EMS personnel to take care of HAZMAT team members
- in the cold zone
- take vitals when suiting up and again when exiting hot zone

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16
Q

Phases of decontamination

A

1 gross decontamination
2 secondary decontamination

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17
Q

Gross decontamination

A

Removal or chemical alteration of most of the contaminant

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18
Q

Secondary decontamination

A

Removal or alteration of most of residual contamination

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19
Q

Decontamination for patients not wearing PPE

A

Particles brushed off & blotted off before rinsing whole body
Eyes irrigated after removing contact lens
Open wounds irrigated from body core working outward
- use plastic wrap to isolate wound once clean

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20
Q

Command sections

A

Operations
Planning
Logistics
Finance

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21
Q

Triage

A

Sorting patients into priority for transport or care

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22
Q

Priority 1 (red)

A

Treatable life threats
- airway, severe bleeding, decreased mental, severe medical, shock, severe burns

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23
Q

Priority 2 (yellow)

A

Serious but not life threatening
- burns without airway problems, bone & joint injuries

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24
Q

Priority 3 (green)

A

“Walking wounded”
- minor physical injuries
- might not need ambulance transport

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25
Q

Priority 4 (or 0) (black)

A

Dead or fatally injured
- exposed brain matter, cardiac arrest for over 20 minutes (excluding cold water drowning or hypothermia), etc
- larger incidents: respiratory arrest may fall here

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26
Q

START

A

Simple triage and rapid treatment
Only three treatments provided:
1 open airway
2 apply pressure to bleeding
3 elevate an extremity

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27
Q

START triage assess:

A

Respirations
Pulse
Mental status

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28
Q

START priority 1

A

Any altered mental status
Absent radial pulse but breathing
Respirations greater than 30/min

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29
Q

START priority 2

A

Are alert
Have radial pulses present
Have respirations less than 30/min

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30
Q

START priority 4

A

Are not breathing (after attempting to open airway)
No pulse no breathing

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31
Q

START priority 3

A

Retriage

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32
Q

SALT

A

Sort, assess, lifesaving interventions, treatment/transport

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33
Q

SALT forward movement

A

Patients moved to casualty collection point to be sorted and prioritized for treatment areas and transport

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34
Q

Secondary triage

A

Performed at triage area

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35
Q

Communicating with hospitals

A

Hospitals alerted as soon as magnitude of incidence is known
Communication by transportation supervisor

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36
Q

DOT class 1

A

Explosives

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37
Q

DOT class 2

A

Gases

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38
Q

DOT class 3

A

Flammable/combustable liquid

39
Q

DOT class 4

A

Flammable solids that are dangerous when wet

40
Q

DOT class 5

A

Oxidizers and organic peroxides

41
Q

DOT class 6

A

Toxic and infectious substances

42
Q

DOT class 7

A

Radioactive

43
Q

DOT class 8

A

Corrosive substances

44
Q

DOT class 9

A

Misc hazards

45
Q

Highway parking

A

Park downstream from crash

46
Q

Flares

A

Edge of danger zone
Every 10 feet to oncoming traffic
Both directions on a two lane road

47
Q

NFPA 704 vs DOT

A

NFPA: hazard identification at fixed facilities
DOT: materials being transported

48
Q

NFPA704 colors

A

Red flammmability
Blue health hazard
White special info
Yellow reactivity hazard

49
Q

Lead acid batteries

A

Corrosive gases when heated
Crushed may spill corrosive electrolyte
Extinguish with co2, dry chemical, or foam

50
Q

Nickle metal hydride

A

Reacts with organic chemicals
Other metals may produce flammable hydrogen gas
Class D extinguisher should be used

51
Q

Lithium ion battery

A

Highly reactive
Increased energy capacity
Extinguish with co2 or dry chemical
Do not penetrate, high voltage

52
Q

Propane

A

Pooling gases

53
Q

Stabilize a vehicle on its wheels

A

Three step chocks (or wheel chocks in front of and behind two tires on the same side)
One on each side and a third at the back or front
Deflate tires so they rest on chocks (only when significant tool work needed)

54
Q

Stabilizing vehicle on roof

A

Box crib under the vehicle

55
Q

Disentanglement

A

1&2 dispose of doors and roof
3 displace front end of vehicle

56
Q

When to cut battery

A

Gasoline pooled under vehicle or undeployed airbags need to be disabled

57
Q

NTAS

A

National terrorism advisory system
Nation’s alert system
Took over HSAS (homeland security advisory system)

58
Q

Terrorism attack agents CBRNE or WMD (weapons of mass destruction)

A

Chemical
Biological
Radiologic
Nuclear
Explosive
HAZMATs are a subcategory

59
Q

OTTO signs

A

To recognize suspicious incidents
Occupancy or location
Type of event
Timing of event
On scene warning signs

60
Q

Type of event

A

Explosions
Firearms
Nontrauma mass casualty

61
Q

TRACEM-P harms

A

Thermal
Radiologic
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiologic
Mechanical
Psychological

62
Q

Radiologic penetrating power

A

Alpha - paper
Beta - penetrate skin
Gamma - penetrate lead

63
Q

Etiologic harm

A

Causes of disease coming from bacteria, viruses, or toxins from organisms

64
Q

Focused emergency

A

Potential or actual origin of a disease is attempted to be controlled

65
Q

Public health emergency

A

No explanation of occurence

66
Q

Biological agent absorbed through skin

A

T2 mycotoxins

67
Q

Vector

A

Disease carrying organism

68
Q

Inhalation

A

Potential to cause more biologic agent infection than any other route

69
Q

Dirty bomb

A

Radiologic dispersion device involving use of a conventional explosive containing radioactive material

70
Q

High order explosives (HE)

A

Produce a defining supersonic over pressurization shock wave
- dynamite
- ammonium nitrate fuel
- tnt

71
Q

Low order explosives (LE)

A

Create subsonic explosion and lack over pressurization shock waves
- gunpowder
- pipe bombs
- most pure petroleum based bombs

72
Q

Most common terrorist weapons

A

1 Explosives
2 small firearms

73
Q

Most common means of dissemination

A

Respiratory route

74
Q

Nerve agents with organophosphate base

A

Sarin
Soman
Taban
Easily penetrate skin

75
Q

Volatile

A

Easily evaporable

76
Q

SLUDGEM

A

S&S of nerve agent poisoning
Salivation
Lacrimation (tears)
Urination
Defecation
GI upset
Emesis (vomiting)
Miosis (contraction of pupils)

77
Q

Classifications of chemical agents

A

Choking agents (chlorine)
Vesicating agents
Cyanides (cellular asphyxiants)
Nerve agents
- most are stronger versions of pesticides
- easily absorbed through skin
- petroleum smell and off white color
Riot control agents
- think crowd control pepper spray, etc
- contain irritating materials and lacrimators

78
Q

Bacterium

A

Can live outside of host cell
Bind to outsides of host cell

79
Q

Virus

A

Requires host cell to live inside

80
Q

Incubation period

A

Time between exposure to appearance of symptoms

81
Q

Eclipse

A

12-39 hr period where pt seems to be getting better, then symptoms reappear and death follows

82
Q

Cholera

A

GI agent
Diarrhea and “rice water” stool

83
Q

Q fever

A

Pneumonia
Sweating
Malaise (general discomfort)
Fatigue
Weight loss

84
Q

Tularemia

A

Fever headache weight loss
Substernal discomfort
Cough

85
Q

Toxin list

A

Botulinum
Ricin
SEB
T2

86
Q

Virus list

A

Smallpox
Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF)
- change clotting and permeability
- systematic hemorrhage liquefaction of organs

87
Q

Body systems most severely affected by radiologic agents

A

Blood forming system (bone marrow) 150 rem
GI system 500 rem
Central nervous system 1000 rem

88
Q

Blast lung

A

Caused by HE
Apnea (pauses in breathing)
Bradycardia
Hypotension

89
Q

Blast abdominal injury

A

Suspected for any blast victim with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting of blood, testicular pain, hypovolemia

90
Q

Strategies vs tactics

A

Strategies are broad
Tactics are specific actions responders take to accomplish tasks

91
Q

MCI resources

A

SNS - strategic national stockpile (pharmaceutical and medical supplies to be used when local resources are used up)

92
Q

Rule of 9 adult

A

9% head
18% chest
18% back
9% each arm
18% each leg
1% genitalia

93
Q

Rule of 9 children

A

18% head
18% chest
18% back
9% each arm
13.5% each leg
1% genitalia

EMT Section 7 (2 decks)

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