OOP in Python

Question 1

Object-oriented programming

Answer 1

A programming paradigm based on “objects,” which contain state (attributes) and behavior (methods)

Question 2

Object对象

Answer 2

A collection of structured data along with the operations that can be performed on that data. An object is one instance of a class.

Question 3

Class类

Answer 3

A template or blueprint used to create objects of a specific data type. Defines what concrete objects will look like.

Question 4

Instance实例

Answer 4

One particular object of a certain data type/class. Follows the format defined by its class, and has specific, individual state.

Question 5

State状态

Answer 5

A generic term for the data that an object “knows” at one point in time. Usually, state can change over time.

Question 6

Attribute属性

Answer 6

A named property of a class. Attributes are used to keep track of state.

Question 7

Behavior行为

Answer 7

A generic term for what an object can “do.”

Question 8

Method方法

Answer 8

A function that is defined inside of a class. Methods are usually used to describe behavior.

Question 9

Constructor构造函数

Answer 9

A method used when creating objects. Usually initializes an object’s attributes.

Question 10

__init__

Answer 10

Name of the method used by Python as the constructor. Pronounced “dunder init.” One of many “dunder” (double underscore) methods that are reserved by Python for specific tasks. Because __init__ is so common, the “dunder” is often dropped in spoken conversation.

Question 11

self

Answer 11

The conventional name for a parameter that refers to an instance itself within a method of a class.

Question 12

Module

Answer 12

Any .py file that contains functions, classes, variables, and/or other runnable code

Question 13

Package

Answer 13

A collection of modules

Question 14

Inheritance继承

Answer 14

A class relationship in which one class inherits attributes and behavior from another class. is-a relationship

Question 15

Composition组合

Answer 15

A class relationship in which a class references other classes as instance variables and makes use of their methods and attributes. has-a relationship

Question 16

Parent class

Answer 16

A class that contains variables and methods that can be inherited to other classes(base class, super class)

Question 17

Child class

Answer 17

A class that contains its own variables and methods but also inherits the variables and methods from a parent class(derived class, sub class)

Question 18

One-to-one

Answer 18

One composite object is associated with one component object, which means a single instance(has one)

Question 19

One-to-many

Answer 19

One composite object is associated with a collection of component objects, which means a list of instance.(has many)

Question 20

Software design pattern

Answer 20

Reusable patterns commonly used to solve problems. Usually describes how classes and functions are structured and used. Usually conceptual and language-agnostic.

Question 21

Iterator

Answer 21

A class whose responsibility is to know how to iterate through an object.

Question 22

Factory

Answer 22

A class or method whose responsibility is to create instances of some class.

Question 23

Adapter

Answer 23

A class whose responsibility is to help two other classes communicate with each other.

Question 24

Observer

Answer 24

A class whose responsibility is to watch for changes over many objects, and notify many objects when changes happen.

Question 25

Decorator

Answer 25

A class or method whose responsibility is to dynamically alter and extend the behavior of a function or class.

Question 26

Strategy

Answer 26

A class whose responsibility is to represent an algorithm.

Question 27

Wrapper function

Answer 27

A function whose responsibility is to “wrap” another function, or call another function within itself

Question 28

Decorator

Answer 28

In Python, a wrapper function applied using decorator syntax

Question 29

Wrapped function

Answer 29

In the context of a wrapper function, the function that is being extended

Question 30

Static method

Answer 30

A method that does not depend on an instance, and does not access instance or class variables. Essentially a regular function that happens to be stored in a class primarily for namespace purposes.

Question 31

Class method

Answer 31

A method that receives a reference to the class itself. This method does not depend on an instance, and cannot access instance variables or methods.