OOP Flashcards
What is meant by the term OOPs?
OOPs refers to Object-Oriented Programming. It is the programming paradigm that is defined using objects. Objects can be considered as real-world instances of entities like class, that have some characteristics and behaviors.
What is the need for OOPs?
- OOPs helps users to understand the software easily, although they don’t know the actual implementation.
- With OOPs, the readability, understandability, and maintainability of the code increase multifold.
- Even very big software can be easily written and managed easily using OOPs
What is meant by Structured Programming?
Structured Programming refers to the method of programming which consists of a completely structured control flow. Here structure refers to a block, which contains a set of rules, and has a definitive control flow, such as (if/then/else), (while and for), block structures, and subroutines.
Nearly all programming paradigms include Structured programming, including the OOPs model
What are the main features of OOPs?
- Inheritance
- Encapsulation
- Polymorphism
- Data Abstraction
What are some advantages of using OOPs?
- OOPs is very helpful in solving very complex level of problems.
- Highly complex programs can be created, handled, and maintained easily using object-oriented programming.
- OOPs, promote code reuse, thereby reducing redundancy.
- OOPs also helps to hide the unnecessary details with the help of Data Abstraction.
- OOPs, are based on a bottom-up approach, unlike the Structural programming paradigm, which uses a top-down approach.
- Polymorphism offers a lot of flexibility in OOPs.
Why is OOPs so popular?
OOPs programming paradigm is considered as a better style of programming. Not only it helps in writing a complex piece of code easily, but it also allows users to handle and maintain them easily as well. Not only that, the main pillar of OOPs - Data Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism, makes it easy for programmers to solve complex scenarios. As a result of these, OOPs is so popular
What is encapsulation?
One can visualize Encapsulation as the method of putting everything that is required to do the job, inside a capsule and presenting that capsule to the user. What it means is that by Encapsulation, all the necessary data and methods are bind together and all the unnecessary details are hidden to the normal user. So Encapsulation is the process of binding data members and methods of a program together to do a specific job, without revealing unnecessary details.
Encapsulation can also be defined in two different ways:
1) Data hiding: Encapsulation is the process of hiding unwanted information, such as restricting access to any member of an object.
2) Data binding: Encapsulation is the process of binding the data members and the methods together as a whole, as a class.
What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism is composed of two words - “poly” which means “many”, and “morph” which means “shapes”. Therefore Polymorphism refers to something that has many shapes.
In OOPs, Polymorphism refers to the process by which some code, data, method, or object behaves differently under different circumstances or contexts. Compile-time polymorphism and Run time polymorphism are the two types of polymorphisms in OOPs languages.
What is Compile time Polymorphism and how is it different from Runtime Polymorphism?
Compile Time Polymorphism: Compile time polymorphism, also known as Static Polymorphism, refers to the type of Polymorphism that happens at compile time. What it means is that the compiler decides what shape or value has to be taken by the entity in the picture.
Runtime Polymorphism: Runtime polymorphism, also known as Dynamic Polymorphism, refers to the type of Polymorphism that happens at the run time. What it means is it can’t be decided by the compiler. Therefore what shape or value has to be taken depends upon the execution. Hence the name Runtime Polymorphism.
What is meant by Inheritance?
The term “inheritance” means “receiving some quality or behavior from a parent to an offspring.” In object-oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism by which an object or class (referred to as a child) is created using the definition of another object or class (referred to as a parent). Inheritance not only helps to keep the implementation simpler but also helps to facilitate code reuse
What is Abstraction?
If you are a user, and you have a problem statement, you don’t want to know how the components of the software work, or how it’s made. You only want to know how the software solves your problem. Abstraction is the method of hiding unnecessary details from the necessary ones. It is one of the main features of OOPs.
For example, consider a car. You only need to know how to run a car, and not how the wires are connected inside it. This is obtained using Abstraction.
How much memory does a class occupy?
Classes do not consume any memory. They are just a blueprint based on which objects are created. Now when objects are created, they actually initialize the class members and methods and therefore consume memory.
Is it always necessary to create objects from class?
No. An object is necessary to be created if the base class has non-static methods. But if the class has static methods, then objects don’t need to be created. You can call the class method directly in this case, using the class name
What is a destructor?
Contrary to constructors, which initialize objects and specify space for them, Destructors are also special methods. But destructors free up the resources and memory occupied by an object. Destructors are automatically called when an object is being destroyed.
Explain Inheritance with an example?
Inheritance is one of the major features of object-oriented programming, by which an entity inherits some characteristics and behaviors of some other entity and makes them their own. Inheritance helps to improve and facilitate code reuse.
