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Health Management > Online Test > Flashcards

Online Test Flashcards

1
Q

Acute illness

A

Sudden onset, easily diagnosed, short duration, responds well to treatments/interventions

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2
Q

Chronic illness

A

slow onset + progression (Eg. diabetes mellitus, emphysema, arthritis, cancer, asthma – comorbidities)

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3
Q

Chronic disease cycle

A

Sometimes unpredictable in disease cycle (unlike acute) – unpredictable in how someone presents

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4
Q

Psychological changes due to chronic disease

A

depression, anxiety (what is happening, how will it progress), loss of identity + roles (patient role), grief of past life without symptoms, self-esteem changes, relationship change

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5
Q

Symptoms of chronic disease

A

Pain, Fatigue, Breathing difficulties, Emotional disturbance, Physical disturbances

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6
Q

Lifestyle Changes due to chronic disease

A

Fatigue, Less active, Isolation, Productivity, Occupational performance changes

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7
Q

Self Management approach

A
  • Education
  • Changing negative learnt behaviours
  • Strength based approach
  • Client resources
  • Client is responsible for their own health
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8
Q

Role of the client in self management

A

Gather important info
Make important decisions
Delegate
Prioritise
Advise
Reflect and review
Make changes

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9
Q

Gather important information

A

For empowerment
- Education regarding symptoms, management, interpreting test results
- Supply community resources
- Identify needs and wants if healthcare plan

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10
Q

Client perspective of gathering important information

A
  • What information can I gather to have the ability to make important decisions regarding my healthcare journey, my care plan, my medication, etc.
  • What are my needs + wants about my care plan + management
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11
Q

Make important decisions

A

Regarding your healthcare journey and team that aligns with your attitudes, beliefs and goals

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12
Q

Delegate

A

Sharing of responsibilities and activities eg. With loved ones

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13
Q

Priorities

A

What activities/appointments/relationships are key (how to grade, adapt, pace activity)

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14
Q

Advise

A

Communication regarding symptoms, situation based on strengths + abilities
- Communication with friends, family, peers with similar conditions

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15
Q

Reflect and review

A

Management style: too overbearing or too little communication of needs?
Treatments: are they effective, what are the costs
Symptoms
Enablers and barriers
Lifestyle
Activities: am I prioritising too much or too little

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16
Q

Define make and implement change

A

Different treatments, healthcare team, role + routines based on attitudes, beliefs

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17
Q

Domains of self management

A

Medical management
Role management
Emotional management

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18
Q

Self management outcomes

A
  • Empower person in decision making + to take control so the condition does not become all encompassing
  • Maintains a sense of “normality”
  • Motivation
  • Enjoyment
  • Fulfilment
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19
Q

Factors to consider with pain intervention

A
  • Confidence
  • Realistic Aims
  • Environment
  • Supports
  • Health
  • Capabilities
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20
Q

Modes of influence in self-management

A
  1. Self efficacy
  2. Enactive attainments: past success
  3. Vicarious experiences: others past success
  4. Verbal persuasion: encouragement from others
  5. Cognitive processing
21
Q

Pain

A

Warns body of damage (doesn’t always mean tissue damage has occurred)

22
Q

Person factors of pain perception

A

History of pain
Stress
Environment

23
Q

Chronic pain intervention

A

Retrain brain + NS (sensitivity)
Medication
Lifestyle changes
Meditation
Stress management

24
Q

Effect of pain

A

Affects mood and stress levels (reducing stress to calm the NS and pain)

25
Q

Effects of past experiences of pain

A

Pain is a memory allowing us to react next time we feel something similar eg. May feel fear doing a task that previously hurt eg. breaking a bone in the past

26
Q

Pain process

A

Nociceptors ➡️ peripheral nerves ➡️ dorsal horn ➡️ limbic system, thalamus + sensory context to figure what is going on ➡️ signal sent down efferent pathways to the effected area

27
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Temperature change

28
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Detect changes to the membrane eg, stretch, twist, compression

29
Q

Mechanoreceptors: tactile receptors

A

Sensation of touch, vibration and variation

30
Q

Mechanoreceptors: baroreceptors

A

Changes to BV walls, sections of the urinary, digestive and reproductive tracts

31
Q

Mechanoreceptors: proprioception

A

Monitors the position of muscles and joints

32
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Changes to chemicals in blood

33
Q

Results in more intense pain

A

More nociceptors firing simultaneously

34
Q

Type of pain

A

Different pain feelings help determine which nociceptors are firing

35
Q

Interventions of pain

A

Distraction
Understanding pain

36
Q

Peripheral nerve process

A
  1. Nociceptors detect harmful stimuli
  2. Relay information via electrical impulse along peripheral nerve
  3. Information sent to spinal cord dorsal horn (targets body region on homunculus)
  4. Speed of process varies eg. sore stomach can creep up on us slowly – fibres relay information slowly (depends on length + speed of nociceptors)
  5. Severe pain transmits instantly (bodies way of grading severity eg. fast pain = ↑ severity)
37
Q

Afferent pathway

A

Occurs in the periphery and travels to the spinal cord and brain

38
Q

Pain pathway (summary)

A
  1. Pain signals travel along pathways through the body, information on pain is received by cells in the dorsal horn
  2. Passed on to higher centres in the brain along tracts in the spinal cord
  3. Action is processed and taken by the brain centres
39
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Emotional changes due to pain
Maintain homeostasis

40
Q

Thalamus

A

Interprets pain message
Sends message to cerebral cortex
Sends message to limbic system to produce emotion to pain eg. Anger, fear, anxiety, etc.

41
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Assess injury/damage, finding the site and assessing the damage
Higher processes occur (logic, reasoning, thinking)
Allows brain to retrain in relation to pain

42
Q

Factors impacting communication regarding sleep

A

Lack of sleep (Decline in cognitive abilities, Slower processing)
Irritability
Impacts language & tone
Withdrawing socially/isolation
Feelings of frustration, anger towards practitioners & others
Anxiety
Pain itself

43
Q

Communication & Awareness Reference Group (CARG)

A

Identifies communication needs of people living with chronic pain & conditions:
Listen
Be sincere
Understand the consumers feelings
Non-verbal cues
Believe the consumer
Ask questions
Avoid harmful words
Compassion
Honesty
Pain is individual

44
Q

CARG: Understand the consumers feelings

A

Validate fear
May underreport symptoms due to not wanting to be a burden

45
Q

Motivational interviewing

A

Promotes effective behaviour change & adherence towards recovery
Empowers person to take control & become independent (autonomy)
Addresses fear avoidance behaviours
Creates self-efficacy for person

46
Q

Co-design

A

To discover unique perspectives through collaboration and to include user and stakeholder opinions in key decisions

47
Q

Culturally appropriate communication styles

A

Story sharing: learning through narrative

Learning maps: mapping/visualising processes

Non-verbal: utilising intra-personal & kinesthetic skills

Symbols & images: images & metaphors for understanding concepts

Land links: place-based learning
Non-linear

Deconstruct/reconstruct: modelling (showing the whole picture) & scaffolding (breaking it down into bit by bit)

Community links: connections to real-life purposes, contexts & communities

48
Q

VR uses

A

To retrain the brain & distract the mind (i.e. change perception of pain).

Health Management (3 decks)

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