Online Lecture

Question 1

What are the two divisions of microscopical anatomy?

Answer 1

Cytology and histology

Question 2

What is a branch of developmental anatomy?

Answer 2

Embryology

Question 3

What is a branch of abnormal anatomy?

Answer 3

Pathological anatomy

Question 4

What are the six levels of organisation?

Answer 4

Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism

Question 5

What are the four types of tissues?

Answer 5

Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous

Question 6

What are the three divisions of gross anatomy?

Answer 6

Systemic anatomy, regional anatomy, superficial anatomy

Question 7

Describe the regions and number of vertebrae in each of the vertebral column

Answer 7

5 regions
The cervical region has 7 vertebrae
the thoracic region has 12 vertebrae (one for each pair of ribs)
the lumbar region has 5 vertebrae
the sacral region has one vertebrae made from 5 fused vertebrae
the coccygeal region has one vertebrae made from 2-5 fused vertebrae

Question 8

Where are the intervertebral discs located in the vertebral column?

Answer 8

Below C2 till above S1

Question 9

Describe the structure of the intervertebral discs?

Answer 9

Concentric rings of fibrocartilidge called the annulus fibrosis with a central jelly like structure called the nucleus pulposus

Question 10

Describe the curvatures of the spine?

Answer 10

Two dorsal convexities in the thoracic and sacral regions and two dorsal concavities in the cervical and lumbar regions

Question 11

Describe lordosis

Answer 11

Exaggeration of the curve of the lumbar region

Question 12

Describe kyphosis

Answer 12

Exaggeration of the thoracic curve

Question 13

Describe scoliosis

Answer 13

Abnormal lateral and rotational curvature of the spine often accompanied by kyphosis

Question 14

What are the two main body cavities called?

Answer 14

The dorsal and the ventral body cavities

Question 15

What are the two divisions of the ventral cavity

Answer 15

The cranial cavity with the brain and the vertebral cavity with the vertebral column

Question 16

What are the three divisions of the dorsal body cavity

Answer 16

The thoracic cavity the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

Question 17

What is contained within the thoracic cavity?

Answer 17

2 pleural cavities each with one lung, the pericardial cavity with a heart, the ribs, muscles and mediastinum

Question 18

What does the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity contain

Answer 18

the oesophagus, trachea, thyroid, heart in the pericardial cavity, lungs in the pleural cavities

Question 19

What is contained in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 19

the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys

Question 20

What is contained in the pelvic cavity?

Answer 20

The bladder, rectum and reproductive organs

Question 21

What are the four abdominal quadrants?

Answer 21

right upper and right lower quadrants and left upper and left lower quadrants

Question 22

Where is the liver located in terms of quadrants?

Answer 22

right upper quadrant

Question 23

Where is the pancreas located in terms of quadrants?

Answer 23

right lower

Question 24

Name the regions of the abdominopelvic cavity:

1 | 2 | 3
---------
4 | 5 | 6
---------
7 | 8 | 9

Answer 24

1. Right hypochondriac region
2. Epigastric region
3. Left hypochondriac region
4. Right lumbar region
5. Umbilical region
6. Left lumbar region
7. Right iliac region
8. Hypo gastric region
9. Left iliac region

Question 25

Describe the lines that divide the regions of the abdominopelvic cavity:

1 | 2 | 3
---------
4 | 5 | 6
---------
7 | 8 | 9

Answer 25

The two vertical lines are the mid clavicular lines and run down from the middle of each clavicle
The line below regions 1 2 and 3 is the trans-pyloric line and is positioned at the level of the pyloris of the stomach
The line below regions 4 5 and 6 is the trans-tubercular line and is positioned at the levels of the tubercular of the hip bones

Question 26

Describe the coronal plane?

Answer 26

Cuts the body into dorsal (back) and ventral (front) portions

Question 27

Describe the Transverse plane?

Answer 27

Cuts the body into top (superior) and bottom (inferior)

Question 28

Describe the Sagittal plane?

Answer 28

It cuts the body into left and right portions