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onjonoin Flashcards

1
Q

Migration v. diaspora

A

Migration: not as linear as a diaspora, settle in 1 place, moving to one country or place to work there or live, overtime everyone migrated, but not everyone is not part of the diaspora
Difference: Diaspora-settle in 2 more places, multigenerational

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2
Q

William Saffron and Kim Butler’s characteristics of a diaspora

A

Saffron and Butler:

  1. must settle in a min. of 2 destinations after dispersal
  2. relationship with actual or imagined homeland
    - awareness or consciousness binds the people to the homeland and to each other
  3. self-awareness of group identity
    - consciously part of an ethnonational group
  4. multigenerational: existance over two generations
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3
Q

Kim Butler’s five dimensions of diasporic research

A
  1. actual reason for moving (ex. emigrate, forced exile)
  2. relationship with homeland, can be real or imagined
  3. relationship with hostland (place you’re going to)
  4. interrelationships with communities (identifying is a vial component) : close with similar people and identify with them
  5. comparative studies of different diaspora: in order to study diaspora, need to be able to compare them with other diasporas. ex. African and Jewish
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4
Q

Colin Palmer’s five major diasporic streams

A
  1. 100,000 years ago (some people would not look that far)
  2. 3,000 BCE movement of West Africans to other continents and the Indian Ocean
  3. 500 BCE:characterized loosely as a trading diaspora: movement of traders, slaves, merchants to Europe, led to the creation of African communities in Europe and Asia
  4. Atlantic Slave Trade (1400s):
  5. 1800s movement of African Americans after slavery

*classified first three streams as the “pre-modern African diaspora”

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5
Q

W. E. B. DuBois and his “colorline” theory

A

Dubois: pan-africanist
Double-consciousness: blacks are fighting whites, but also want to be a part of society
When: 20th century
Where:
Sig: not sig. to U.S., but sig. to African, Japan, Berlin
separation of color line goes beyond racism, depends on what country you go through. Ex. Haiti, depends on how dark you were or class determined how you were treated. Papa Doc and Baby Doc were dark, but treated better because they are part of the elite. If not, nowhere near being in power.

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6
Q

Faye Harrison’s “structural violence” and “global apartheid”

A

Blacks were property legally and asserts that systematically was a violation of our human rights because we are nothing more than making money. Dehumanize black.

Structural violence: mentally and physically damaging their mind, body, and social status (people of color), symbolic, we need to build up and stand against racism, xenophobia (harmful treating of immigrants)

Global apartheid: worldwide control of governmental resources, and economies, causes economic inequality, undemocratic and systematic, usually targeted by minorities, ex. Mexico “war on drugs”

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7
Q

Rosalyn Terborg Penn’s identity “re-formation”

A

keep reforming that racial and ethnic identity,

pinpointing black identity transnationalism: still be able to maintain it.
-women care take of this

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8
Q

Sarah (Sartje) Baartman

A

Where: she from S.A., indentured servent
When : 1810
Sig: dehumanize and objectified based off of sexual features that were non-European, made into a freak show, genetalia was compared those of female apes

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9
Q

Nile River

A 
3400 BC
flowed from South to North
people traveled up the Nile River because it was easier
Nubia: South (Top)
Cush: North (bottom)
Not that many opportunities for agriculture
Narrow floodline
Navigation obstacles
Fertile land
Six class cataracts
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10
Q

Ancient Graco-Roman opinions of Blacks

A

modern-day racism did not exist
Southern Europeans were struck by all blackness, did not see them as inferior

Ethiopia: burnt-face person

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11
Q

Twenty-fifth Ethiopian Dynasty

A

1760-1656 BCE

  • originate in Kush
  • Napata was their spiritual homeland
  • Kush invastion of Upper Egypt: Mesopotamian based Assyrian Empire
  • Created larget empire since New Kingdom (Unifying of upper and lower egypt, Nubia)
  • Ancient egypt religion, architecture (pyramids), culture
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12
Q

The “Hamitic curse”

A

biblical prophecy used to justify the ill-treatment. Seen as a bad race.

Ham was transformed to a darkness because of the sins of his father, Noah.

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13
Q

Bilad as-Sudan

A
  • “land of the blacks” , Sudan
  • East African
  • Jewish
  • broken up diasporan themes
    • Atlantic Slave trade
    • migration
    • social conditions

In Qu’ran, Souod (Black) in Arabic

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14
Q

The reconquest of Portugal in 1267

A

territorial disputes between Christians and Muslims, struggle ends by 1453: Mali takes over Constantinople

-with reconquest of Portugal, domestic service to do sugar cane

ties back to Slaves in Med. World, slaves had occupations in the sugar cane fields.

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15
Q

Slave occupations in the Mediterranean world

A

look at previous card.

North Med.
Italians finance ventures
Both were interested in trade routes through Red Sea and Arabian Peninsula

1267-1453

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16
Q

Dessalines

A

Who: militant Leader of the first Haitian Revolution
-led under Toussaint
When:
Where: Haiti
Killed in Mulatto revolt in October 17, 1806, national holiday
was enslaved in french colony of st. dominque
Sig: named the country Haiti

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17
Q

Nancy Prince

A

Who: autobiographer, activist for the rights of the people, especially in Jamaica,
When: 1799; unknown death date
Where: Massachusetts
Sig: race in Russia not that severe like the U.S.; Key West: if they got off the boat, they would be enslaved; got involved with the Anti-Slavery Society (abolitionist)

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18
Q

Three streams of religious traditions (Gomez)

A
  1. African-American church. Christianity-African influences inverse to class. Higher the class, the lesser the African influences.
  2. Took african practices to America and kept practical with also Christianity
  3. Creation of new religions with Islam and Judeo-Christian patterns/traditions woven with novel ones also ex. Rastafarians
19
Q

DuBois and Liberia

A

wanted to start up the Black Star Line, Africans enslaving other Africans for the good of trading, Dubois did not seem himself as like them because of his Western education,

  • Black Intelligensia wanted to take control, more like colonize Liberia.
  • Firestone company was the imperial power to go to Liberia, Dubois was in contact with them
  • Ran by classism
  • 1920s
20
Q

Leonard P. Howell

A 
Who?
-Founder of the Rastafarian MOVEMENT
-.A.K.A. The Gong
Where?
-born in Jamaica
-When? June 16, 1898
Sig: you should not pay taxes/allegiance to a power that does not give you a voice, leader of one of the most largest resistant groups in Jamaica.

Pinnacle similar to maroon communities, in the mountains, Rastafarian resisters led by Howell in 1935, it was wiped out

21
Q

The Nation of Islam

A

When? 1930
Who? led by Wallace D. Fard Muhammed, disappeared in 1934, then it was led by Elijah Muhammed
Sig? improve social, spiritual, mental, and economic conditions of African Americans in the U.S. and all of humanity
Where? Detroit, Michigan

E.M. established Temples and universities, farms, businesses

Malcolm X was a part of the Nation of Islam, left, joined Sunni-Muslim

22
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

Who? Pan-Africanist
When? Born August 18, 1887 in Jamaica
-Father was a descendent of Maroons
Where: Jamaica, moved to Kingston years later
Sig; Dubois and Garvey had same childhood experience, could not play with his childhood friends because he was Black, master printer, lABOR UNION and was black-listed, sees a commonality of people of color and working conditions, fascination for Booker T. Washington (impressed of washington claiming his race and intellectualtiy in his books), formed U.N.I.A. and Back to Africa campaign
-1916: soap box preacher, talked about problems in the community such as non-lynching campaigns, need to teach blackness, in Harlem: UNIA (1917)

Negro World-UNIA newspaper

1919: Black Star Line
1922: stops black star line
convicted of mail fraud by the Hoover campaign
DEPORTED TO AFRICA
NEVER STEPPED FOOT TO AFRICA

23
Q

Alain Locke

A 
Born in Philly (September 12, 1885)
Graduated from Harvard
First Black Rhodes Scholar
Promoted concept of New Negro (Black Intellectuals)
English professor of Howard University
24
Q

Negritude

A

Concep’‘t of embracing black identity and culture
formed/ by Leopold Sedar Senghor
When?

25
Q

Gaunches

A

Diasporian group who inhabited the Canary Islands, which is off of the coast of North Africa, banished completed and migrated to France = Iberian Peninsula

26
Q

The Great Dyying

A

When: 252 Million Years Ago
Where: earth’s most severe known extinction event. All the dinosaurs and marine life died

27
Q

The Zong

A

When: 29 November 1781
Who? ship owned by a slave trading in Liverpool, participated in Trans-Atlantic Slave trade,
Sig: slaves were perceived as property so much that when the whites lost them, the whites would be reimbursed, like an insurance policy, also threw people overboaard so the remainder could survive, took out insurance on the lives of the slaves as cargo
Where? heading to Black River, Jamaica

28
Q

King Leopold of Belgium

A

destroyed Congolese people
caused of Congolese war

used Congo as a private trading venture: Congo Free States
Henry Stanley helped get Congo by going to Berlin Conference in 1884, led by Bismarck. Told people that he would improve Congo, but lied. Used Congolese people to make Belgium better. Congolese people had a abundance of rubber and ivory.

29
Q

“Salvador de Bahia” (see PBS documentary on Brazil)

A

Brazil was the country who abolished slavery last
Racial paradise, colonized by the Portugal in 1500s
Pentecost, Roman Catholic,

Capora: mix of martial arts and dance used during when they were training to revolt against the Portuguese

30
Q

Cedula, 1783

A

Where: Trinidad and Tobago
When: 1783
Who? King of Spain, Jose de Galvez
Sig: In order to gain land you must pledge loyalty to the Spanish Crown and the amount was based on race and heritage

31
Q

Absentee landlords in the Caribbean

A

people in the colonizing areas that were rich sent other people (poor) in the same land to go watch their lands and would treat them very harshly.

where? Carribean
when?

32
Q

Treatment of slaves in the Caribbean

A

Bad because of previous card, make the slaves beat up the other slaves, minimal breaks to fix sugar cane,

33
Q

Affranchise (free blacks) and gens de couleur (mulatto) (Saint Domingue)

A

mulatto would have higher social, economic status than free blacks after slavery
when did slavery

34
Q

Grand blancs and petite blancs (Saint Domingue)

A

petite blancs (whites): merchants, grand blancs (large plantation owners) : both were fearful of slavery ending because they did not want to lose their jobs to Blacks. Caste System. St. Domingue, 1803.

35
Q

Maroonage

A

Slaves who ran away and made resistant communities

1619-1800s

36
Q

First Maroon War in Jamaica

A

Conflict with the Maroon Jamaicans and British
When? 1731
British defeated Spanish colonists, who were in charge of Jamaica, now British own Jamaica, Jamaican Maroon united with Madagascar maroons,

-British could not meet the Maroon so made a treaty that Maroons could stay in five towns and had their own ruler

37
Q

Everyday slave resistance

A
  • Insurrection: starting revolts
    • Nat Turner’s Rebellion: took place in Southampton County, August 21, 1831, killed his master’s family
  • religion
  • Folkvore : “it’s okay..we will go back to Africa, let’s just get through slavery”
38
Q

Dutty Boukman

A 
Jamaican born Haitian slave
one of the leaders of the Haitian revolution
-witch doctor
-slave uprising (1791)
-sliced head, to scare
39
Q

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A

-who? leader of the haitian revolution, sometimes called ‘Black Napoleon”
-sig: military strategy helped to bring about Haiti’s independence
when? 1791-1804

40
Q

The Negro and the Racial Mountain

A

Who? Langston Hughes
When? 1920s, Harlem Renaissance
Sig: the only thing that is preventing Black artist from succeeding is their race. Use Countee Cullen. The race towards whiteness (desire to be white and to fit white standards)

41
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

When: Dec. 1 1955.-20 1956
What? Rosa Parks did not want to get up out of her seat and black people followed her and lower and middle class blacks suffered, higher class had cars
Why?
Sig: said to have started Civil Rights Movement, THE LIES

42
Q

Ghan

A

The Civil Rights Act of 1967 in the US inspired Ghanaians to gain independence

43
Q

Civil Rights Act, 1964

A

outlawed discrimination based on race, sex, national orientation

13th amendment outlawed slavery and involuntary servitude unless in prison

44
Q

The Voting Rights Acts, 1965

A

Wanted all men to vote no matter what race

Africa (1 decks)

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