onjonoin Flashcards
(44 cards)
Migration v. diaspora
Migration: not as linear as a diaspora, settle in 1 place, moving to one country or place to work there or live, overtime everyone migrated, but not everyone is not part of the diaspora
Difference: Diaspora-settle in 2 more places, multigenerational
William Saffron and Kim Butler’s characteristics of a diaspora
Saffron and Butler:
- must settle in a min. of 2 destinations after dispersal
- relationship with actual or imagined homeland
- awareness or consciousness binds the people to the homeland and to each other - self-awareness of group identity
- consciously part of an ethnonational group - multigenerational: existance over two generations
Kim Butler’s five dimensions of diasporic research
- actual reason for moving (ex. emigrate, forced exile)
- relationship with homeland, can be real or imagined
- relationship with hostland (place you’re going to)
- interrelationships with communities (identifying is a vial component) : close with similar people and identify with them
- comparative studies of different diaspora: in order to study diaspora, need to be able to compare them with other diasporas. ex. African and Jewish
Colin Palmer’s five major diasporic streams
- 100,000 years ago (some people would not look that far)
- 3,000 BCE movement of West Africans to other continents and the Indian Ocean
- 500 BCE:characterized loosely as a trading diaspora: movement of traders, slaves, merchants to Europe, led to the creation of African communities in Europe and Asia
- Atlantic Slave Trade (1400s):
- 1800s movement of African Americans after slavery
*classified first three streams as the “pre-modern African diaspora”
W. E. B. DuBois and his “colorline” theory
Dubois: pan-africanist
Double-consciousness: blacks are fighting whites, but also want to be a part of society
When: 20th century
Where:
Sig: not sig. to U.S., but sig. to African, Japan, Berlin
separation of color line goes beyond racism, depends on what country you go through. Ex. Haiti, depends on how dark you were or class determined how you were treated. Papa Doc and Baby Doc were dark, but treated better because they are part of the elite. If not, nowhere near being in power.
Faye Harrison’s “structural violence” and “global apartheid”
Blacks were property legally and asserts that systematically was a violation of our human rights because we are nothing more than making money. Dehumanize black.
Structural violence: mentally and physically damaging their mind, body, and social status (people of color), symbolic, we need to build up and stand against racism, xenophobia (harmful treating of immigrants)
Global apartheid: worldwide control of governmental resources, and economies, causes economic inequality, undemocratic and systematic, usually targeted by minorities, ex. Mexico “war on drugs”
Rosalyn Terborg Penn’s identity “re-formation”
keep reforming that racial and ethnic identity,
pinpointing black identity transnationalism: still be able to maintain it.
-women care take of this
Sarah (Sartje) Baartman
Where: she from S.A., indentured servent
When : 1810
Sig: dehumanize and objectified based off of sexual features that were non-European, made into a freak show, genetalia was compared those of female apes
Nile River
3400 BC flowed from South to North people traveled up the Nile River because it was easier Nubia: South (Top) Cush: North (bottom)
Not that many opportunities for agriculture Narrow floodline Navigation obstacles Fertile land Six class cataracts
Ancient Graco-Roman opinions of Blacks
modern-day racism did not exist
Southern Europeans were struck by all blackness, did not see them as inferior
Ethiopia: burnt-face person
Twenty-fifth Ethiopian Dynasty
1760-1656 BCE
- originate in Kush
- Napata was their spiritual homeland
- Kush invastion of Upper Egypt: Mesopotamian based Assyrian Empire
- Created larget empire since New Kingdom (Unifying of upper and lower egypt, Nubia)
- Ancient egypt religion, architecture (pyramids), culture
The “Hamitic curse”
biblical prophecy used to justify the ill-treatment. Seen as a bad race.
Ham was transformed to a darkness because of the sins of his father, Noah.
Bilad as-Sudan
- “land of the blacks” , Sudan
- East African
- Jewish
- broken up diasporan themes
- Atlantic Slave trade
- migration
- social conditions
In Qu’ran, Souod (Black) in Arabic
The reconquest of Portugal in 1267
territorial disputes between Christians and Muslims, struggle ends by 1453: Mali takes over Constantinople
-with reconquest of Portugal, domestic service to do sugar cane
ties back to Slaves in Med. World, slaves had occupations in the sugar cane fields.
Slave occupations in the Mediterranean world
look at previous card.
North Med.
Italians finance ventures
Both were interested in trade routes through Red Sea and Arabian Peninsula
1267-1453
Dessalines
Who: militant Leader of the first Haitian Revolution
-led under Toussaint
When:
Where: Haiti
Killed in Mulatto revolt in October 17, 1806, national holiday
was enslaved in french colony of st. dominque
Sig: named the country Haiti
Nancy Prince
Who: autobiographer, activist for the rights of the people, especially in Jamaica,
When: 1799; unknown death date
Where: Massachusetts
Sig: race in Russia not that severe like the U.S.; Key West: if they got off the boat, they would be enslaved; got involved with the Anti-Slavery Society (abolitionist)
Three streams of religious traditions (Gomez)
- African-American church. Christianity-African influences inverse to class. Higher the class, the lesser the African influences.
- Took african practices to America and kept practical with also Christianity
- Creation of new religions with Islam and Judeo-Christian patterns/traditions woven with novel ones also ex. Rastafarians
DuBois and Liberia
wanted to start up the Black Star Line, Africans enslaving other Africans for the good of trading, Dubois did not seem himself as like them because of his Western education,
- Black Intelligensia wanted to take control, more like colonize Liberia.
- Firestone company was the imperial power to go to Liberia, Dubois was in contact with them
- Ran by classism
- 1920s
Leonard P. Howell
Who? -Founder of the Rastafarian MOVEMENT -.A.K.A. The Gong Where? -born in Jamaica -When? June 16, 1898 Sig: you should not pay taxes/allegiance to a power that does not give you a voice, leader of one of the most largest resistant groups in Jamaica.
Pinnacle similar to maroon communities, in the mountains, Rastafarian resisters led by Howell in 1935, it was wiped out
The Nation of Islam
When? 1930
Who? led by Wallace D. Fard Muhammed, disappeared in 1934, then it was led by Elijah Muhammed
Sig? improve social, spiritual, mental, and economic conditions of African Americans in the U.S. and all of humanity
Where? Detroit, Michigan
E.M. established Temples and universities, farms, businesses
Malcolm X was a part of the Nation of Islam, left, joined Sunni-Muslim
Marcus Garvey
Who? Pan-Africanist
When? Born August 18, 1887 in Jamaica
-Father was a descendent of Maroons
Where: Jamaica, moved to Kingston years later
Sig; Dubois and Garvey had same childhood experience, could not play with his childhood friends because he was Black, master printer, lABOR UNION and was black-listed, sees a commonality of people of color and working conditions, fascination for Booker T. Washington (impressed of washington claiming his race and intellectualtiy in his books), formed U.N.I.A. and Back to Africa campaign
-1916: soap box preacher, talked about problems in the community such as non-lynching campaigns, need to teach blackness, in Harlem: UNIA (1917)
Negro World-UNIA newspaper
1919: Black Star Line
1922: stops black star line
convicted of mail fraud by the Hoover campaign
DEPORTED TO AFRICA
NEVER STEPPED FOOT TO AFRICA
Alain Locke
Born in Philly (September 12, 1885) Graduated from Harvard First Black Rhodes Scholar Promoted concept of New Negro (Black Intellectuals) English professor of Howard University
Negritude
Concep’‘t of embracing black identity and culture
formed/ by Leopold Sedar Senghor
When?
