One Child Policy Flashcards
Who created the law?
Deng Xiaoping
What year did the law come into practice?
1979
In 1949 who was in power?
Chairman Mao
What was the population in 1949?
550 million
What was the population in 1970’s?
increased 71% 940 million
Were people in favour of the OCP?
9/10 were not in favour for it, however outside gvt’s applauded it
How many births were prevented as a result?
400 million
When did the catastrophic famine take place?
1959-1961
How many deaths did the famine cause?
35 million
What did the OCP state?
- must not marry until late 20’s
- must have one successful pregnancy
- must be sterilised after first child or abortion
What incentives were offered to encourage the scheme?
- receive a 5-10% salary rise
- priority housing, pension
- free education and healthcare
- family benefits
If disobeying?
- 10% salary cut
- demotion from a government job
- fine so large it would bankrupt most households
- not allowed to become Chinese citizens
What exceptions were made?
rural areas where sons are essential to work a second child was allowed if first was a girl
What are the Granny Police?
old women who were paid to look for second child or illegally pregnant women
What fundamental flaws did the policy have?
- unfair for different classes
- forced abortions
- infanticide
- birth roulette
Why was the policy unfair for different classes?
-rural families sons to stay with them
What was happening in 1983?
44 thousand abortions a day// 16 million in total
What happened to resisting women?
tortured, sedated then sterilised
What is ‘China’s lost girls’?
girls were unwanted and so were either killed or put in orphanages
What is the ratio of boys to girls in China?
120:100
How many children died in orphanages due to inadequate staffing and resources?
9/10
What are the positive effects of the OCP?
- forecast famine hasn’t happened
- growth slowed sufficiently for people to have enough food and jobs
- singe children ensures good education// future gen talented
- increased technology has increased standard of living
- many lifted out of poverty//wealthier nation
Fertility rate change?
5.7 to 1.8
What are the negative effects of the OCP?
- social instability
- gender imbalance
How many men aged between 20 and 45 will be unable to find a wife?
1/10
What is the name given to the spoilt kids?
Little Emperors
How many people in China are still living on less than $2 a day?
600 million
What is the 4.2.1 problem?
1 child has to take care of 2 parents and 4 grandparents due to sudden distortion
What is the figure for Syphilis as a result of gender imbalance?
6.5 per 100,000
What percentage of people are over 60 in Shanghai?
22%
What has changed since 1990?
- relaxation in system(if both couple is only child, 2nd child is allowed)
- increase in wealth(people are able to pay fine for 2nd child
- attitudes towards girls changed(women have more oppurtunities)
- promoting adoption
