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Midterm-Clinical Procedures > One > Flashcards

One Flashcards

1
Q

Name 10 instruments

A

Stethoscope
Thermometer
Tympanic thermometer
Otoscope
Scissors
Forceps
Ophthalmoscope
Reflex hummer
Sphygmomanometer
Tuning fork

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2
Q

Aerobe

A

Microorganism that needs oxygen to live and grow

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3
Q

Aer/o

A

Air

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4
Q

Anaerobe

A

A microorganism that grows best in the absence of oxygen 

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5
Q

An-
A-

A

Without

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6
Q

Anti-septic

A

An agent that inhibits the growth or kills microorganisms

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7
Q

-septic

A

Infection

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8
Q

Cilia

A

Slender, hair like projections that constantly beat toward the outside to remove the microorganisms from the body

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9
Q

Hand hygiene

A

The process of cleansing or sanitizing the hands 

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10
Q

Infection

A

The condition in which the body, or part of it, is invaded by a pathogen 

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11
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Practises that are employed to inhibit the growth, and hinder the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to prevent the spread of infection

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12
Q

Microorganism

A

Microscopic plant or animal 

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13
Q

Non-intact skin

A

Skin that has a break in the surface.
Examples are abrasions, cut, paper cuts, and burns.

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14
Q

Non-pathogen

A

A microorganism that doesn’t normally produce disease

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15
Q

Path/o

A

Disease

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16
Q

-gen

A

Producing

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17
Q

Opportunistic infection

A

Infection that results from a defective immune system that cannot defend the body from pathogens normally found in the environment

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18
Q

Optimum growth temperature

A

The temperature at which an organism grows best

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19
Q

Parenteral

A

Taken into the body through piercing of the skin, barrier, or mucous membranes, such as through needle sticks, human bites, cuts, and abrasions

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20
Q

Para-

A

Apart from

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21
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestine

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22
Q

-al

A

Pertaining to

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23
Q

Pathogen

A

A disease producing microorganism

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24
Q

Postexposure prophylaxis

A

Treatment administered to an individual after exposure to an infectious disease to prevent the disease

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25
Q

Post-

A

After

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26
Q

Pro-

A

Before

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27
Q

Phylaxis

A

Prevention of disease

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28
Q

Regulated medical waste

A

Medical waste that poses a threat to health and safety

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29
Q

Resident flora

A

Harmless, non-pathogenic microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, and they usually do not cause disease

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30
Q

Transient flora

A

Micro organisms that reside on the superficial skin layers, and are picked up in the course of the daily activities.
 They are often pathogenic, but can be removed easily from the skin by sanitizing the hands.

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31
Q

Autoclave

A

An apparatus for the sterilization of materials, using steam under pressure

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32
Q

Critical items

A

Items that come in contact with the sterile tissue or the vascular system

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33
Q

Decontamination

A

The physical or chemical means to remove or destroy pathogens on an item, so that it is no longer capable of transmitting disease; this makes the item safe to handle

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34
Q

Detergent

A

An agent that cleanses by emulsifying dirt and oil

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35
Q

Disinfectant

A

An agent used to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, but not their spores.
Disinfectants are usually applied to inanimate object.

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36
Q

Hazardous chemical

A

Any chemical that is classified as a health or physical hazard, a simple asphyxiant, a combustible dust, a pyrophoric dust, or a hazard not otherwise classified.

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37
Q

Incubate

A

To provide proper conditions for growth and development

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38
Q

Load

A

The articles that are being sterilized

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39
Q

Nom critical item

A

An item that comes into contact with intact skin but not with mucous membranes

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40
Q

Safety data sheet

A

A document that provides information regarding the chemical, its hazards, and measures to take to prevent injury and illness when handling the chemical

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41
Q

Sanitization

A

A process to remove organic matter from an article, and to reduce the number of micro organisms to a safe level as determined by public health requirements

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42
Q

Semi critical item

A

An item that comes into contact with a non-intact, skin or intact mucous membranes

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43
Q

Spore

A

A hard, thick walled capsule formed by some bacteria that contains only essential part of the protoplasm of the bacterial cell

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44
Q

Sterilization

A

 The process of destroying all forms of microbial life on my including bacterial spores

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45
Q

Thermolabile

A

Easily affected or changed by heat

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46
Q

Adventitious sounds

A

Normal breath sounds

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47
Q

Afebrile

A

Without fever, the body temperature is normal

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48
Q

Alveoli

A

Thin walled air sacks of the lungs, in which the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place

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49
Q

Alveol/o

A

Air sac

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50
Q

Antecubital space

A

The space located at the front of the elbow

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51
Q

Ante-

A

Before

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52
Q

Cubitum

A

Elbow

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53
Q

Antipyretic

A

An agent that reduces fever

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54
Q

Pyr/o

A

Fever

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55
Q

Aorta

A

The major trunk of the arterial system of the body.
The aorta arises from the upper surface of the left ventricle.

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56
Q

Apnea

A

The temporary cessation of breathing

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57
Q

-pnea

A

Breathing

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58
Q

Axilla

A

 Armpit

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59
Q

Bounding pulse

A

A pulse with an increased volume that feels very strong and full 

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60
Q

Bradycardia

A

An abnormally slow heart rate, less than 60 bpm

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61
Q

-ia

A

Condition of diseased or abnormal state

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62
Q

Bradypnea

A

An abnormal decrees in the respiratory rate of less than 10 respirations per minute

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63
Q

Conduction

A

The transfer of energy such as heat from one object to another by direct contact

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64
Q

Convection

A

The transfer of energy such as heat through air currents

65
Q

Crisis

A

A sudden falling of an elevated body temperature to normal

66
Q

Cyanosis

A

A blueish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes

67
Q

-osis

A

Abnormal condition

68
Q

Diastole

A

The phase in the cardiac cycle in which the heart relaxes between contractions

69
Q

Diastolic pressure

A

The point of lesser pressure on the arterial wall, which is a recorded during diastole

70
Q

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing

71
Q

Dys-

A

Difficult, painful, abnormal

72
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

An irregular rhythm

73
Q

-ia

A

Condition of diseased or abnormal state

74
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal respiration.
The rate is 16 to 20 respirations per minute. The rhythm is even and regular. The depth is normal.

75
Q

Eu-

A

Normal, good

76
Q

Fahrenheit scale

A

Freezing point is 32°, boiling point is 212°

77
Q

Febrile

A

Pertaining to fever

78
Q

Fever

A

Body temperature that is above normal.
Synonym for pyrexia

79
Q

Frenulum linguae

A

The midline fold that connects the undersurface of the tongue with the floor of the mouth

80
Q

Hyperpnea

A

An abnormal increase in the rate and depth of respiration

81
Q

Hyperpyrexia

A

An extremely high fever

82
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Abnormally, fast and deep type of breathing, usually associated with acute anxiety condition

83
Q

Hypopnea

A

Abnormal decrease in the rate, and depth of respiration

84
Q

Hypotension

A

Low blood pressure

85
Q

Hypothermia

A

A body temperature that is below normal

86
Q

Hypoxemia

A

A decrease in the oxygen saturation of the blood. It may lead to hypoxia.

87
Q

Hypoxia

A

The reduction in the oxygen supply to the tissues of the body

88
Q

Korotkoff sounds

A

Sounds heard during the measurement of blood pressure that are used to determine the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings

89
Q

Malaise

A

A vague sense of body, discomfort, weakness, and fatigue that often marks the onset of a disease and continues through the course of the illness

90
Q

-mal

A

Bad

91
Q

Manometer

A

An instrument for measuring pressure

92
Q

-meter

A

Instrument used to measure

93
Q

Orthopnea

A

The condition in which breathing is easier when an individual is in a sitting or standing position

94
Q

Orth/o

A

Straight

95
Q

Pulse oximeter

A

A computerized device consisting of a probe, and the monitor used to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood

96
Q

Pulse oximetry

A

The use of a pulse oximeter to measure the oxygen saturation of arterial blood

97
Q

Pulse pressure

A

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

98
Q

Pulse rhythm

A

The time interval, between heartbeats

99
Q

Pulse volume

A

The strength of the heartbeat

100
Q

Radiation

A

The transfer of energy such as heat in the form of waves

101
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

An instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure

102
Q

Sphygm/o

A

Pulse

103
Q

Stethoscope

A

And the instrument used for amplifying and hearing sound produced by the body

104
Q

Steth/o

A

Chest

105
Q

-scope

A

To view, to examine

106
Q

Systole

A

The phase in the cardiac cycle, in which the ventricles contract, sending blood out of the heart, and into the aorta and pulmonary trunk

107
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally, fast, heart rate more than hundred beats per minute

108
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormal increase in the respiratory rate of more than 20 breaths per minute

109
Q

Thready pulse

A

A pulse with a decreased volume that feels weak and thin

110
Q

Reservoir host.

A
  1. Reservoir host is the one that becomes infected by the pathogen, and also serves as a source of transfer of the pathogen. The host provides nourishment for a microorganism to grow and multiply examples include people and animals.
111
Q

Infection process

A

Reservoir host.
Means of exit.
Means of transmission.
Means of entry.
Susceptible host.

112
Q

Means of exit

A

Means of exit from the Reservoir host, include the mouse, nose, throat, ears, eyes, intestinal, tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract, open wounds

113
Q

Means of transmission

A

Means of transmission from one person to another include direct contact, who is an infected person or discharge.
Indirect transfer includes the transfer of microorganisms by droplets of moisture, expelled from the upper respiratory tract, known as droplet infection, as when a person, cough sneezes; contaminated, hands and equipment; contaminated, food, and water; insects that carry pathogens.

114
Q

Means of entry

A

Means of entry into the host, include the mouse, nose, throat, ears, eyes, intestinal, tract, reproductive tract, open wounds, and breaks in the skin, mucous membranes

115
Q

Susceptible host

A

Susceptible host is one who is capable of being infected by the pathogen.
The resistance or ability to fight of disease of the host is low human factors that contribute to low resistance and increased susceptibility include your health, poor hygiene, poor nutrition, and stress

116
Q

Audiometer

A

Instrument used to measure hearing

117
Q

Audi/o

A

Hearing

118
Q

Auscultation

A

The process of listening to the sounds produced within the body to detect signs of disease

119
Q

Bariatrics

A

The branch of medicine that deals with the treatment and control of obesity and diseases associated with obesity

120
Q

Bar/o

A

Weight

121
Q

-iatrics

A

Branch of medicine

122
Q

Body mechanics

A

Use of the correct muscles to maintain proper balance, posture, and body alignment to accomplish a task safely and deficiency without undue strain on any muscle or joint

123
Q

Clinical diagnosis

A

A tentative diagnosis of a patient’s condition obtained through evaluation of the health, history and physical examination, without the benefit of laboratory or diagnostic tests

124
Q

Diagnosis

A

The scientific method of determining and identifying a patient’s condition

125
Q

Dia-

A

Complete , through

126
Q

-gnosis

A

Knowledge

127
Q

Differential diagnosis

A

A determination of which of two or more diseases with similar symptoms is producing a patient symptoms

128
Q

Inspection

A

The process of observing a patient to detect signs of disease

129
Q

Mensuration

A

The process of measuring a patient

130
Q

Ophthalmoscope

A

Instrument for examining the interior of the eye

131
Q

Otoscope

A

Instrument for examining the external ear canal and tympanic membrane

132
Q

Palpation

A

The process of feeling with the hands to detect signs of disease

133
Q

Percussion

A

The process of tapping the body to detect signs of disease

134
Q

Percussion hammer

A

Instrument with a rubber head, used for testing reflexes

135
Q

Prognosis

A

The probable course and outcome of the patient’s condition, and the patient’s prospect for recovery

136
Q

Pro-

A

Before

137
Q

Speculum

A

Instrument for opening a body orifice or cavity for viewing

138
Q

Symptom

A

Any change in the body or its functioning That indicates a disease might be present

139
Q

Astigmatism

A

A refractive error that causes distorted and blurred vision for both near and far objects due to a cornea that is oval shaped

140
Q

Stigma/a

A

Point

141
Q

-ism

A

State of

142
Q

Canthus

A

The junction of the eyelids  at either corner of the eye

143
Q

Cerumen

A

Earwax
A yellowish waxy substance secreted by glands in the ear canal which functions to lubricate and protect the ear canal.

144
Q

Hyperopia

A

A refractive error in which the light rays are brought to a focus behind the retina resulting in a difficulty viewing object at the reading or working distance.
Farsightedness.

145
Q

Impacted cerumen

A

Cerumen that is wedged firmly together in the ear canal so as to be immovable

146
Q

Instillation

A

The dropping of a liquid into a body cavity

147
Q

Irrigation

A

The washing of a body canal with a flowing solution

148
Q

Myopia

A

Nearsightedness.
A refractive error in which the light rays are brought to a focus in front of the retina resulting in difficulty viewing objects at a distance

149
Q

-opia

A

Vision

150
Q

Presbyopia

A

A decrease in the elasticity of the lens that occurs with aging, resulting in a decrease the booty to focus on close objects

151
Q

Refraction

A

Deflection, or bending of light rays by a lens

152
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Thin, semitransparent membrane between the external ear canal and the middle ear that receives and transmits sound waves.
Also known as the eardrum

153
Q

Tympan/o

A

Eardrum

154
Q

Visual acuity

A

Acuteness or sharpness of vision

155
Q

Four types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria.
Virus
Fungi
Protozoa.

156
Q

Medical asepsis

A

A set of practises in the medical office that must be deployed to keep the object and area, clean and free of pathogens

157
Q

Heterotroph

A

Microorganism that uses organic or living substances for food

158
Q

Five personal protective equipment

A

Medical mask
Medical face shield, chin length
Laboratory coat
Medical gloves,
protective eyewear, that covers the sides of the head

Midterm-Clinical Procedures (1 decks)

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