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SAM II Exam 1 > Oncology (Tumors) > Flashcards

Oncology (Tumors) Flashcards

1
Q

White cat lives outdoors presented with an ulcertaed lesion on nose (name other DDx).

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

DDx: LSA, eosinophilic granuloma, MCT

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2
Q

What parameters suggests SCC depth of invasion is superficial vs. infiltrative?

A

Superficial <2mm deep

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3
Q

What is the preferred tx for Nasal planum tumors?

A

If superficial, cryoablation (<1 cm)

If infiltrative lesion, surgery (nasal planectomy) needed

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4
Q

What breeds are predisposed to Ear canal tumors?

A

Cocker spaniels, poodles, and GSD

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5
Q

What are the common DDx for Ear canal tumors?

A

Ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma (cats tend to develop malignant dz, dogs 50/50), and other carcinomas (SCC/undifferentiated)

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6
Q

What is the preferred tx for Ear canal tumors?

A

Aggressive surgery (TECA-BO, not lateral canal resection)

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7
Q

What are the negative prognostic factors for for Ear canal tumors?

A

Extension beyond (not w/in) ear canal
Dx of SCC or undifferentiated carcinoma (instead of ceruminous)
Neuro signs at dx
Vascular or lymphatic invasion and high mitotic index

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8
Q

What are the predisposed factors for Canine Sinonasal tumors?

A

Common in older (10y), medium-large breed, dolichocephalic dogs; increased incidence in those exposed to smoke or kerosene (heaters) indoors.

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9
Q

What is the most common presenting compaint for Canine Sinonasal tumors?

A

2 – 3 month hx of unilateral epistaxis, sneezing, open mouth breathing w/ partial response to empirical treatments; facial deformity strongly suggests cancer

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10
Q

What are the common DDx for Canine Sinonasal tumors?

A

Dogs: 2/3 Carcinomas (ACA, SCC, and undifferentiated), Sarcoma (fibro-, osteo-, and chondro-), or Fungal dz (GSD)
Cats: LSA (90% malignant); differentiate LSA from lymphoplasmocytic rhinitis

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11
Q

What is included in the work-up for Canine Sinonasal tumors?

A

R/o causes of epistaxis (BP, coags, tick dz), rads. CT/MRI, biopsy, regional LN cytology

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12
Q

What is the tx for Canine Sinonasal tumors?

A

Palliative: NSAID’s, Low dose RT, Chemo alone (Cisplatin; Doxo, carbo, pirox. (advanced dz.); Palladia), hemorrhage control (palliation): embolization of terminal branches of the maxillary a. or unilateral/bilateral carotid aa. ligation)
Curative Intent: RT - External Beam (Course fractionated)—if recur after RT, cut via rhinotomy; Intensity-modulated RT, or Stereotactic RT

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13
Q

What are the important negative prognostic factors for Canine Sinonasal tumors?

A

old age (>10y), presence of epistaxis, longer duration of CS, tumor stage (advanced local dz. w/ cribriform involvement), presence of mets, histologic subtype (SCC/undifferentiated carcinomas are worse than sarcomas), or failure to achieve resolution of clinical symptoms after tx

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14
Q

What is the common signalment and location for Salivary tumors?

A

Common in older dogs (Spaniels) and cats (Siamese – more aggressive)
Most commonly affects mandibular/parotid salivary glands (locally invasive – firm, painless swelling at gland, dysphagia, halitosis)

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15
Q

What are the possible DDx for Salivary tumors?

A

Carcinomas vs. sialadenitis, mucocele, or misdiagnosed LN that is enlarged

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16
Q

What is the tx for Salivary tumors?

A

Surgery alone rarely curative so adjunct RT is needed for margins.

17
Q

What is the common signalment and presenting complaint for Thyroid tumors?

A

In older Goldens, Beagles, Boxer, and Huskies (Siamese/Himalayan have decreased risk) that present with visible/palpable cervical mass

18
Q

What are the possible DDx for Thyroid tumors?

A

Dogs (90 MN: 10 BF): Carcinomas
Cats (10 MN: 90 BF): Adenomas
If functional, signs of hyperthyroidism

19
Q

What is a unique phenomenon in dogs with Thyroid tumors?

A

Have multiple distinct malignancies (often intra-abdominal)

Mets to regional LN’s and lungs (live long w/ mets)

20
Q

How do you dx Thyroid tumors?

A

CBC, CHEM, T4, 3-view thoracic radiographs, mandibular LN assessment and abdominal ultrasound
FNA/cytology with needle off technique (can be very vascular); use avascular region with U/S to guide aspirate
Use hands to feel for slip to differentiate between fixed (infiltrative) vs. not fixed (can be resected)

21
Q

What is the tx and its complications for Thyroid tumors?

A

Tx: thyroidectomy (+/- neoadjuvant RT if not sick/critical)
Bilateral resection (>3y) requires post-op management (if not, will develop hypocalcemia)
Tx with I131 for nonresectable tumors may result in radioiodine-associated myelosuppression (fatal in 3m)

22
Q

What is the prognosis for Thyroid tumors?

A

Prognosis w/ surgical tx: mobile (>36m) vs. fixed (10m)
Negative prognostic factors: ↑ size/volume, invasion of tissue (fixed), 16x > risk of mets if bilateral or non-medullary thyroid carcinoma

SAM II Exam 1 (2 decks)

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