ONCOLOGY: Ignatavicius Ch 21: Cancer Development Flashcards
The nurse working with oncology clients understands that interacting factors affect cancer development. Which factors does this include? (Select all that apply.)
a. Exposure to carcinogens
b. Genetic predisposition
c. Immune function
d. Normal doubling time
e. State of euploidy
a. Exposure to carcinogens
b. Genetic predisposition
c. Immune function
The three interacting factors needed for cancer development are exposure to carcinogens, genetic predisposition, and immune function.
A nurse is participating in primary prevention efforts directed against cancer. In which activities is this nurse most likely to engage? (Select all that apply.)
a. Demonstrating breast self-examination methods to women
b. Instructing people on the use of chemoprevention
c. Providing vaccinations against certain cancers
d. Screening teenage girls for cervical cancer
e. Teaching teens the dangers of tanning booths
b. Instructing people on the use of chemoprevention
c. Providing vaccinations against certain cancers
e. Teaching teens the dangers of tanning booths
Primary prevention aims to prevent the occurrence of a disease or disorder, in this case cancer. Secondary prevention includes screening and early diagnosis. Primary prevention activities include teaching people about chemoprevention, providing approved vaccinations to prevent cancer, and teaching teens the dangers of tanning beds. Breast examinations and screening for cervical cancer are secondary prevention methods.
A nurse is providing community education on the seven warning signs of cancer. Which signs are included? (Select all that apply.)
a. A sore that does not heal
b. Changes in menstrual patterns
c. Indigestion or trouble swallowing
d. Near-daily abdominal pain
e. Obvious change in a mole
a. A sore that does not heal
b. Changes in menstrual patterns
c. Indigestion or trouble swallowing
e. Obvious change in a mole
The seven warning signs for cancer can be remembered with the acronym CAUTION: changes in bowel or bladder habits, a sore that does not heal, unusual bleeding or discharge, thickening or lump in the breast or elsewhere, indigestion or difficulty swallowing, obvious change in a wart or mole, and nagging cough or hoarseness. Abdominal pain is not a warning sign.
