Oncology I Flashcards
List ways on which adults can control their health and reduce their cancer risk
Stay away from tobacco (smoking cessation if needed)
Stay at a health weight
Get moving with regular physical activity
Eat healthy with plenty of fruits and vegetables
Limit how much alcohol u drink (if u drink at all)
Protect your skin
Know you’ll, ur FH and ur risks
Have regular check-ups and cancer screening tests
Most cancers will not relapse if a pt remains CA free for 5 yrs?
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What’s most often the primary tx of CA?
Surgery (if CA is resectable)
Role of radiation or chemo?
Neoadjuvant therapy…. May be used b4 surgery to shrink tumor initially
What’s Neoadjuvant therapy?
Given B4 surgery
What’s adjuvant therapy?
Radiation and/or chemo done AFTER surgery (to eradicate residual dx and decease recurrence)
Chemo regimens are usually designed for synergy?
T
Chemo regimens are designed to complement each other (with different MOA, toxicities, and cell cycle specificity)
What’s the main cause of ADRs suffered by CA pts?
Damaging effects of chemo on rapidly dividing cells that are not cancerous
Where are the normal rapidly dividing cells? SEs from these?
GI, Hair follicles and bone marrow (blood cells)
T4, the most common SEs of chemo are
N/V; Alopecia; Myelosuppression
Why must the pts quality of Iife be accessed?
Bcuz of sever SEs of chemo
Is chemo advised during pregnacy (both males and females) and during breast feeding?
No
List the toxicities caused by chemo agents
Myelosuppression
Neuropathy
Cardiotoxicity
Pulmonary toxicity
Pneumonitis
Nephrotoxicity/Bladder toxicity (cystitis)
Acneform rash
Mucositis
Hand-foot syndrome
Hepatoxicity
Clotting risk
Alopecia
Extravasation
What’s Myelosuppression? Monitoring?
Bone marrow suppression => Decreased RBC, WBC, and platelets
CBC + differential (includes segs and bands, to calculate absolute neutrophil count (ANC))
Which drugs don’t cause Myelosuppression?
ABV
Asparaginase
Bleomycin
Vincristine
Classes with highest risk of Neuropathy?
PTV
Platinum agents
Taxanes
Vinca alkaloids
Monitoring for Cardiotoxicity? What should be avoided?
ECG or ECHO or MUGA monitoring
Chest radiation is avoided…causes more damage
Cardiotoxicity is more severe with what agents?
Cardiomyopathy:
- Anthracyclines* (think chemo man doxorubicin-heart)
- HER2-I’s
- fluorouracil
- lapatinib
QT Prolongation:
- Arenicic trioxide*
- TKIs
High risk agents for Pulmonary toxicity?
Pulmonary fibrosis:
- Belomycin and 3 specific alkylators: busulfan, carmustine, lomustine (think chemo man bleomycin lungs)*
Pneumonitis:
- Methotrexate
- Immune therapy MAB’s
What’s used to flush drug out and prevent bladder/renal toxicity?
Hydration
What may be used to reduce risk of Cisplatin-induced nal toxicity?
Amifostene (Ethyol)
What’s always given with Ifosfamide? Why?
MESNA (Mesnex) (also recommended in HIGH doses of cyclophosphamide)
To prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
Which agents cuz Acneiform rash?
Cetuximab
Erlotinib
Panitumumab
Sorafenib
Sunitinib
And all agents with EGFR inh MOA
What’s mucositis?
Painful inflammation of GI tract
Called oral mucositis if conc in mouth
High risk agents for Mucositis?
5- fluorouracil
Capecitabine
Irinotecan
Methotrexate