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NCLEX > Oncology I > Flashcards

Oncology I Flashcards

1
Q

What 2 ways is cancer classified?

A
  • tissue or blood cells where it STARTS

- type

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of tumors?

A

Solid tumors and hematologic malignancies

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3
Q

What are the 2 subtypes of solid tumors?

A

Sarcomas (connective tissue)

Carcinomas (lining of organs…the epithelium)

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4
Q

What are 3 subtypes of hematologic malignancies?

A

Leukemias
Lymphomas
Myelomas

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5
Q

What 3 ways can malignancies occur?

A

Direct invasion
Blood system
Lymphatic system

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6
Q

1 cause of preventable cancer

A

tobacco

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7
Q

6 dietary causes of cancer:

A
  1. low-fiber diet
  2. increased red meat
  3. increased animal fat
  4. nitrites
  5. alcohol
  6. preservatives and additives
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8
Q

What race has the highest incidence of cancer?

A

African Americans

Caucasians are 2nd

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9
Q

Annual mammograms starting at age ___

A

40

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10
Q

Colonoscopy at age ___, then every ___ years if no probs

A

50

10

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11
Q

What is the #1 complaint of cancer pts?

A

Extreme fatigue

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12
Q

What blood cells are most affected by cancer?

A

Neutrophils

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13
Q

What is the difference between ADJUVANT and NEOADJUVANT therapies?

A

Adjuvant –> 2 therapies used together

Neoadjuvant –> time-specific therapies, or one before the other (ex/ surgery then chemo)

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14
Q

What is the difference between BRACHYTHERAPY and TELETHERAPY?

A

Brachytherapy –> internal radiation

Teletherapy –> external radiation

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15
Q

With internal, or brachytherapy, radiation, describe the difference between sealed and unsealed?

A

Sealed (solid) = CLIENT emits radiation, but body fluids do not
Unsealed = CLIENT AND BODY FLUIDS emit radiation (think…it’s unsealed, so radiation can spill out from everywhere)

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16
Q

Precautions with Internal Radiation:

A
  1. Nursing assignments rotated daily (not same pt on consecutive days
  2. Nurse only cares for 1 client with radiation implant during shift
  3. Private room
  4. Film badge
  5. Restrict visitors
  6. 30 min visitor limit
  7. 6 feet away from others
  8. No visitors < 16 yo
  9. No pregnant visitors/nurses
  10. Sleep alone for 1-11 days
  11. No public transportation
  12. Don’t return to work immediately
  13. Don’t share utensils or cook for others
  14. Flush 2-3 x after potty
17
Q

How to prevent dislodgment of radiation implant

A
  • bedrest
  • decrease fiber
  • prevent bladder distension (indwelling catheter)
18
Q

Common side effects of external radiation (teletherapy)

A
  • erythema
  • shedding of skin
  • altered taste
  • fatigue (#1 complaint)
  • pancytopenia
19
Q

How often should pt protect radiation site from sunlight and UV exposure?

A

1 year after completion of therapy

NCLEX (13 decks)

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