Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oncology > Oncology HI > Flashcards

Oncology HI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the histopathologies of lower GI cancers

A
  • adenocarcinoma
    Rare: lymphoma, melanoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does colorectal cancer present itself

A
  • change in bowel habit , bleeding
  • pain, weight loss (for more advanced disease)
  • obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does anal cancer present itself

A

Pruritus, bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does anal cancer present itself

A

Pruritus, nodule, bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is colorectal cancer staged (TNM)

A

T: extent / invasion
N: number of lymphnodes
M: presence or absence of distant Mets and number
A: 1 organ or site
B: 2 or more organs/sites
C: Mets to peritoneal surface and/or other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the treatment for early rectal cancer (stage 1)

A
  • surgery (TME , local resection)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the treatment regime for rectal cancer for stage II/III (locally advanced) (short course)

A

short course
- Neoadjuvant radiation
- surgery
- adjuvant chemo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the dosage for stage II/III (locally advanced) rectal cancer (short course)

A

25 Gy / 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment regime for rectal cancer for stage II/III (locally advanced) (long course)

A
  • induction cx + neoCRT/RT (TNT)
  • Neoadjuvant CRT + consolidation Cx (TNT)
  • adjuvant chemo (FOLFOX)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the dosage for stage II/III (locally advanced) rectal cancer (long course)

A

50gy in 25 or 45 in 25 (if small bowels dose contraints are not met)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the treatment regime for rectal cancer for stage IV

A

Systemic +/- local therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the primary treatment for colon cancer

A

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of RT in colon cancer

A

For metastatic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment regime for colon cancer for stage I

A

Surgery only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment regime for colon cancer for stage II

A
  • surgery
  • adjuvant chemo for high risk
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is considered high risk for colon cancer

A

High grade, positive margins, microscopic disease remaining, extra nodal deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is considered high risk for colon cancer

A

High grade, positive margins, microscopic disease remaining, extra nodal deposits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment regime for colon cancer for stage III

A

Primary: surgery
Adjuvant: chemo
CX
- FOLFOX (oxaplatin, 5FU, leucovorin) OR oxaplatin + capecitabine

19
Q

What is the treatment regime for colon cancer for stage IV

A

Primary: surgery
Adjuvant: radiation as needed

20
Q

How is anal cancer staged?

A

T: size and invasion / extent
N: location of LNs
M: presence or absence of distant Mets

21
Q

What is the treatment regime for ANAL for stage I-III

A
  • definitive CRT
  • chemo as a radiosensitizier
    Primary: radiation
22
Q

Describe the chemo options for anal cancer

A

Preferred: 5FU + mitomycin (5FU + cisplatin if mitomycin is contraindicated) - given in week 1 and 5 of XRT trt

Or oral capecitabine/xeloda during XRT - 5 days a week

23
Q

What are risk factors of lower GI cancer

A

Diet
Lifestyle
Smoking
IBS
Family history

24
Q

Name the genetic factors that are linked to causing CRC. What are each of their percentages of causing CRC

A

FAP - APC gene, AD
- 100%
HNPCC - AD, MRR (lynch syndrome)
- 80% (right sided)
Gardeners, turcots, cowdens, Li fraumeni
Chromosomal instability pathways (15%)

25
Q

Name the genetic factors that are linked to causing CRC. What are each of their percentages of causing CRC

A

FAP - APC gene, AD
- 100%
HNPCC - AD, MRR (lynch syndrome)
- 80% (right sided)
Gardeners, turcots, cowdens, Li fraumeni
Chromosomal instability pathways (15%)

26
Q

What is the average lifetime risk of CRC

A

5%

27
Q

What is the lifetime risk of having CRC with HNPCC in genders

A

54-75% men
30-52% women

28
Q

What is the lifetime risk of having CRC with familial polyposis

A

100% lifetime risk

29
Q

How should you get screened for CRC with average risk

A
  • once every 2 years with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT)
  • or flexible sigmoidoscopy every 10 years
30
Q

How should you get screened for CRC with increased risk

A
  • colonoscopy at age 50 or 10 years earlier than the age of relative diagnosis whichever is earlier
31
Q

What are the symptoms of CRC

A
  • changes in bowel habit
  • bleeding
  • weight loss
  • pain
  • obstruction
32
Q

What are the advance diseases of CRC

A
  • lymphadenopathy
  • hepatomegaly
  • cachexia
33
Q

What are the staging tools used for CRC

A

Labs
- CBC
- CEA (carcinoma embryonic antigen)
MRI
CT chest/abdo/pelvis
Endoscopic ultrasound

34
Q

What are forms of imaging we can use for diagnosis, screening, and staging

A
  • CT Colonography
  • barium enema
  • endoscopic ultrasound
  • MRI rectum
  • CT chest abdomen pelvis
  • ultrasound - liver
  • MRI liver
  • CT PET
35
Q

What are types of surgery involving the mesorectum

A

Lower anterior resection (LAR)
Abdominal perineal resection (APR)
Hartmann’s procedure
Total mesorectal excision (TME)

36
Q

What are expected side effects for early radiotherapy

A
  • skin
  • proctitis
  • cystitis
  • diarrhea
  • fatigue
37
Q

What are expected side effects of chemotherapy

A
  • diarrhea
  • nausea/vomiting
  • hand food syndrome
  • oral mucositis
  • reduction in blood count
38
Q

What are expected side effect of late radiotherapy (lower GI)

A
  • bowel obstruction
  • change in bowel function
  • sexual function
  • ovarian failure
39
Q

what is TNT

A

total neoadjuvant therapy
(chemo and radiation prior to surgery)

40
Q

What percentage of people with anal cancer have the HPV virus

A

90%

41
Q

What percentage of GI cancers are anal?

A

2.5%

42
Q

What percentage of people diagnosed with anal cancer are in stage I-II

A

> 50%

43
Q

Dosages for anal cancer

A

27 in 15 + 18 in 10 (45 in 25)
27 in 15 + 27 in 15 (54 in 30)
36 in 20 + 27 in 15 (63 in 35)

Oncology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions