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3B > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Neutropenic sepsis aetiology

A

Aggressive chemo

Multiple rounds of chemo

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2
Q

Neutropenic sepsis clinical features

A

Temp > 37.5
In > 2 places
> 1 hour apart

Fever + Chemo = ??? Neutropenic sepsis ???

Other features of sepsis/source

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3
Q

Neutropenic sepsis investigations and management

A

Sepsis 6
Neutrophils < 1x10^9

IV Tazocin
Once confirmed - Gentamicin

Prevention

  • GCSF - Granulocyte stimulating factor
  • Ciprofloxacin
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4
Q

Tumour lysis syndrome

A

Increased breakdown/lysis of cells
Release of cellular content into the blood

Potassium
Phosphate
Uric acid

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5
Q

Tumour lysis syndrome risk factors

A

Dehydrated patients
Pre-existing renal disease

Fast growing/large cancers

  • Lymphoma - Burkitt’s
  • Leukaemia - ALL
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6
Q

Tumour lysis syndrome clinical features

A

Uric acid - Gout
Hyperkalaemia - Weakness, chest pain, arrhythmias
Hyperphosphataemia
Hypocalcaemia - Tetany, muscle cramps, peri-oral paraethesia
AKI - Oliguria

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7
Q

Tumour lysis syndrome investigations and diagnosis

A 
ECG - Arrhythmias - Long QT - Hypocalcaemia
Potassium ^
Phosphate ^
Calcium - LOW
Uric acid ^
U&E - AKI

Diagnosis - One of…

  • Creatinine ^
  • Arrhythmia
  • Seizure
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8
Q

Tumour lysis syndrome management and prevention

A

IV fluids
Treat hyperkalaemia
Rasburicase - Metabolises uric acid

Prevention

  • Hydration
  • Allopurinol
  • Rasburicase
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9
Q

Spinal cord compression aetiology

A

Tumour - Mets
Spinal cord tumours - Meningioma

Abscess
EDH
Disc prolapse

Osteophytes
Pott’s disease

Trauma

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10
Q

Cancers that metastasise to the bone

A

BLT with Ketchup Please

Breast
Lung
Thyroid
Kidney
Prostate
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11
Q

Spinal cord compression investigations and management

A

MRI spine

Management - Shrink tumour

  • Analgesia
  • IV Dex (+ PPI / BM monitoring)
  • Surgery
  • Radiotherapy
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12
Q

SVCO aetiology

A

Apical lung tumour

Lymphoma

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13
Q

SVCO presentation

A

Distended neck veins
Non pulsatile JVP

Dizziness, headaches, visual disturbances
Engorged conjunctiva
Facial flushing

Chest pain, palpitations, dyspnoea
Swollen arm
Cyanosis

Pemberton’s sign - Bilateral arm elevation causes facial plethora (increased blood flow)

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14
Q

SVCO investigations

A

Contrast venography
CXR
Doppler USS
CT

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15
Q

SVCO managment

A

O2
High dose dex

Decompression

  • Endovascular stenting
  • Radio/chemo
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3B (23 decks)

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