Oncology Flashcards
Types of germ cell tumors
Germinoma - sensitive to radiation and chemo
Non-germinomatous: Teratoma Yolk-sac tumor Embryonal carcinoma Choriocarcinoma
Germ cell tumor markers
CSF alpha fetoprotein, beta HCG, CEA
CNS lymphoma patient population
primarily immunocompromized
CNS lymphoma path
tightly packed B&T cells
CNS lymphoma imaging
diffusely enhancing, can cross CC
CNS lymphoma tx
high dose methotrexate
MPNST (Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor) patient population
50% in NF1, mutation of plexiform neurofibroma
MPNST (Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor) primary site
sciatic nerve
Craniopharyngioma origin
from remnants rathke’s cleft
Craniopharyngioma 2 types
Adamantinous - cystic, “motor oil” fluid
Squamous papillary - solid
Craniopharyngioma path
mixture of cell types in picture, looks like skin
“pickt fence” line of cells
“wet keratin” clumps of pink keratin
Medulloblastoma Grade, location, age
Grade 4
Cerebellar, often vermis
primarily kids (most common malignant brain tumor of childhood)
Medulloblastoma path
dense round blue cells
neuroblastic rosettes
Medulloblastoma imaging
heterogeneous enhancement
Ependymoma location
intracranial or spinal
primarily posterior fossa
Ependymoma path
perivascular pseudorosettes
Ependymal rosettes
GFAP+
Ependymoma imaging
relatively circumscribed +/- cystic
heterogeneous enhancement
Oligodendroglioma Path
uniform round nuclei with perinuclear halo
“fried egg”
Oligodendroglioma imaging
calcifications
Oligodendroglioma favorable mutation
1p19q
Glioblastoma path
endothelial prolifateration
pseudopalisading necrosis
Dense pink clusters of cells
GFAP+
Glioblastoma imaging
Heterogeneously enhancing
can cross CC
Meningioma grade, location
Gr 1
Dural, extraparenchymal
Meningioma path
Meningothelial "whorls" (or fascicles) Psammoatous calcifications (like tree rings)
Pilocytic astrocytoma Grade, location
Gr 1
primarily posterior fossa, optic nerve in NF1
Pilocytic astrocytoma path
mix spongy and compact spindle areas
bipolar astrocytes with “hairlike” processes
Rosenthal fibers
Pilocytic astrocytoma imaging
vividly enhancing
well circumscribed
solid and cystic
Cowden syndrome mutation
PTEN
Cowden syndrome sx
Lots of tumors
CNS - dysplastic ganglioglioma of cbl (tiger stripe on imaging)
Other cancers: breast, follicular thyroid, endometrial
Benign tumors: intestinal hamartomas, trichilemmoma skin
macrocephaly
DNET grade, loc, imaging
Gr 1
primarily anterior temporal
Bubbly appearing on imaging
