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Passmed > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

BRCA1 & BRCA2 chromosome mutations

A

BRCA1 - Chromosome 17

BRCA2 - Chromosome 13

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2
Q

Hyoscine hydrobromide used for what?

A

Respiratory secretions in palliative care
Anticholinergic action

BONUS (also hypersalivation with antiphyscotics)

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3
Q

Hyoscine butylbromide used for what?

A

Bowel colic with bowel obstruction

Hyoscine Hydrobromide = hydro = resp secretions
Hyoscine Butylbromide = Butt = bowel colic

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4
Q

p53 tumour suppressor gene affected in what genetic condition that predisposes to CA? Which CA is predominant?

A

Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Sarcomas & leukaemias

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5
Q

LiFraumeni Syndrome diagnosis

A

Sarcoma <45 yrs old

First degree relative x2 with CA <45 years
First degree relative with ca<45 yrs + 1st deg relative with sarcome any age

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6
Q

FAP/Gardeners syndrome gene affected

A

APC gene on chromosome 5

BONUS: Other CA’s: thyroid cancer, retroperiotnial desmoid tumours, skull osteoma

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7
Q

HNPCC/Lynch syndrome diagnostic criteria

A

Amsterdam criteria
Three or more family members with a confirmed diagnosis of colorectal cancer, one of whom is a first degree (parent, child, sibling) relative of the other two.
Two successive affected generations.
One or more colon cancers diagnosed under age 50 years.
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) has been excluded.

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8
Q

Bacteria linked to Guillian-Barré

A

Campylobacter

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9
Q

BRCA2 gene associated with what and percentage risk

A

Breast 60%
Ovarian 25%
Prostate

Chromsome 13

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10
Q

BRCA1 gene associated with what and percentage risk

A

Breast 75%
Ovarian 50%

Minimal colorectal risk also

Chromosome 17%

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11
Q

HER2 +ve breast ca percentage

A

20%

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12
Q

BRCA +ve breast ca percentage

A

5%

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13
Q

Domperidone MoA

A

Dopamine D2 antagonist

Antiemetic, prokinetic, can promote lactaction (galactorreahae)

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14
Q

Conversion from oral to SC morphine?

A

Divide by 2

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15
Q

How do you work out PRN morphine dose?

A

1/6th total daily dose (TDD)

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16
Q

Codeine to morphine conversion

A

Dose divided by 10

17
Q

What do you always prescribe with morphine?

A

Antiemetic and LAXATIVE

18
Q

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) 1 cancers

A

3 P’s:
Pituitary adenoma
Parathryroid Ca
Pancreatic CA

19
Q

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) type IIa cancers

A

Parathyroid ca
Medullary Thyroid ca
Pheocytochroma

20
Q

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) type IIb cancers

A 
3 M's (+ pheochromocytoma):
Marfaniod habitus 
Medullary thyroid cancers 
Mucosal neuromas
Pheochromocytoma
21
Q

Chemo drug causing hypomagnesaemia

A

Cisplatin

cytotoxin DNA cross-linking, used in breast cancer, magnesium is monitored - remember Dr Chaudri’s clinic

22
Q

Tumour marker for medullary thyroid CA

A

Calcitonin (parafollicular cells secrete calcitonicn and this is where medullary thyriod ca originates)

23
Q

Small cell lung Ca tumour marker

A

Bombesin (also could monitor ACTH, ADH as these are hormones SCLC can secrete causing a parameoplastic syndrome)

24
Q

Lung fibrosis is a chemo SE of which drug notoriously?

A

Bleomycin

25
Q

Neutropenic sepsis definition

A

WCC <0.5
PLUS

Temp >38
or symptoms of sepsis

26
Q

G6PD blood film shows?

A

Bite and blister cells

Hienz bodies with an extra stain

27
Q

Epstien Barr virus associated with which ca?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (rapid B cell malignancy)

28
Q

Starry sky picture on lympho node biopsy associated with what?

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma (associated with epstein barr virus)

29
Q

Where are the likely areas for melanoma to be found in males and females?

A

Males - trunk (chest & back)

Females - Limbs

30
Q

Commonest site for metastasis to the spine

A
  1. Thoracic spine
31
Q

Risk factors for prostate CA

A 
Age (>65)
Black > White > Asian
FHx
BRCA2
Agent Orange exposure (vietnam war) 
Eating habits 
Taller people more likely to have aggresive disease
32
Q

Obesity cause increased cancer risk in which cancers?

A 
Breast
Bowel
Oesophagela
Pancreatic
Kidney
Liver
Gastric cardia
gallbladder
ovarian
thyroid
myeloma
meningioma
33
Q

Skin cancer risk factors

A 
Age 
Cumulative UV exposure
Sun beds
Skin type (e.g. Fitzgerald Type 1)
Hair colour (redheads) 
Moles and freckles (100+) 
FHx - CDKN2A mutation in FAMMM
Autoimmune conditions (e.g. Chrons)
HIV 
Obesity 
Occupation - airline pilots &amp; cabin crew - related to UV exposure most likely
34
Q

Blood tranfusion effects on serum K+ and Ca2+

A

K+ - hyperkalaemia (raises ir by 30-40) treat with insulin/detrose

Ca2+ - Citrated blood lowers Ca2+ - administer calcium gluconate/calcium chloride

35
Q

Name for sign to check imminent airway obstruction for SVCO

A

Pembleton’s manoeuvre (lift arms up to side of face) look for signs of SOB after 1 min

Passmed (2 decks)

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