Oncology 🐻 Flashcards
What will you see on x ray of osteosarcoma?
Destruction of normal trabecular pattern and irregular margins
What is tumor lysis syndrome?
Massive tumor cell lysis causing:
HYPERkalemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperphosphatemia
Acute renal failure
How do you diagnose Hodgkin lymphoma?
Tissue biopsy showing Reed-Sternberg cells
What marker is often elevated when someone has a hepatic tumor and will decrease when treatment is working?
Serum α-fetoprotein
Do retinoblastomas metastasize?
Not often, but when they do you die within one year
True or false:
Most liver masses found in childhood are malignant
True
Which is more common in ALL: B cell or T cell precursor lineage
B cell precursor lineage (85%)********
What’s the big deal if you have too many WBCs?
Hyperleukocytosis (>75,000) is an emergency because it can cause life threatening complications
How do you diagnose retinoblastoma?
A detailed ophthalmologic exam under anesthesia.
If you find a chalky, white retinal mass with soft friable consistency, you’ve diagnosed it
What are some of the predisposing factors for AML?
Down syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Environmental exposures: radiation, benzene, previous chemo
What is the most common abdominal tumor?
Neuroblastoma
Is rhabdomyosarcoma a common cancer?
No
Your Hodgkin lymphoma patient starts having dyspnea, cough, orthopnea, and facial and arm edema. What do you suspect?
Superior vena cava syndrome
That mediastinal mass is smooshing the SVC
What are the clinical findings of nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor)
Asymptomatic abdominal mass that is smooth, firm, well demarcated, and RARELY crosses midline**
Fever, hematuria, HTN (kidney tumor duh)
What causes ALL?
Uncontrolled proliferation of immature lymphocytes
Which two leukemias are associated with Down syndrome?
ALL
AML
**
What are the 2 types of brain tumors?
Glial tumors
Nonglial tumors
What is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood?
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Who does better with NON-Hodgkin lymphoma: children or adults?
Adults
In children, Non Hodgkin lymphomas are rapidly proliferating, high grade malignancies
What is the clinical presentation of ALL?
BONE PAIN- esp in pelvis, vertebrae, legs (may refuse to walk)
Bleeding- petechiae, pallor
Intermittent fever, fatigue
Hepatosplenomegaly
Lymphadenopathy
What will you see on a peripheral smear AND bone marrow biopsy of ALL?
Lymphoblasts
Who is most likely to get Ewing sarcoma?
White teenage boys
Is retinoblastoma ever Bilateral?
Yes 20-30% of the time.
May cause blindness
What is the usual presenting symptom of hepatic tumors?
Enlarging abdomen
10% of them are found on routine exam
Which bones are most often affected by Ewing sarcoma?
Shafts of long bones
Usually in extremities and pelvis
ALL vs AML. Which one has circulating lymphoblasts vs circulating myeloblasts
ALL= circulating lymphoblasts
AML= circulating myeloblasts (w auer rods too)
What will you see in a peripheral smear of CML?
Myeloid cells in all stages of maturation
Increased basophils and blast cells
Blast cells >20% in a blast crisis
What are Reed-Sternberg cells?
Germinal center B cells that have undergone a malignant transformation
(Hodgkin lymphoma)