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Cancer > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

4 factors to determine if you will need chemo

A

The phase cycle

Time or how often the drug is given

Growth fraction

Tumor burden

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2
Q

Tumor Burden:

A

How much tumor is present

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3
Q

Growth fraction:

A

% of cells dividing at a given time

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4
Q

Regional chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy delivered to a specific site

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5
Q

How often is chemotherapy scheduled

A

every 3 - 4 weeks

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6
Q

3 body systems affected by chemotherapy

A

Integumentary (Skin and hair)

Blood

GI

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7
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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8
Q

Common complaints from chemo patients

A

N/V

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9
Q

Ways we as providers and caretakers can get exposed to chemo

A

Skin

Inhale

Ingestion

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10
Q

What do we need before we can administer a chemo drug:

A

Full precaution gear

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11
Q

Considered full precaution gear for chemo

A

Gown

Mask

Gloves

Goggles

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12
Q

How long is chemo excreted after it is given

A

For 3-7 days

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13
Q

excretion precaution

A

2 pairs of glove

gown

mask

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14
Q

One word to remember chemotherapy disposal containers

A

YELLOW

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15
Q

What is the yellow rigid chemotherapy waste container used for

A

disposal of sharps and IVs

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16
Q

What are yellow chemotherapy waste bags used for

A

gowns, gloves and disposable items

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17
Q

Order of putting on chemo stuff from spill kit

A

Wash

Grab Kit

Mask

Gown

Glove

Goggles

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18
Q

How many times does the floor of a chemo spill need to be cleaned?

A

3 times

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19
Q

How are most chemo drugs delivered

A

IV

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20
Q

Chemo drug that is dangerous if it infiltrates

A

Vesicants

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21
Q

Vesicants, if infiltrated, can cause ___

A

Necrosis

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22
Q

Necrosis =

A

Tissue being eaten

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23
Q

First complaint of necrosis

A

Pain

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24
Q

Common symptoms of necrosis

A

Pain

Swelling

No blood return

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25
Q

Anytime we give a chemo drug, we need to look this up

A

If it is a vesicant or not

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26
Q

Good nursing intervention if your client is receiving a vesicant:

A

Stay with client

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27
Q

Another term for necrosis

A

Extravasate

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28
Q

1 thing to remember with extravasation:

A

Prevention

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29
Q

The first thing to do if someone extravasates:

A

Stop the infusion

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30
Q

Nursing intervention to relieve extravasate

A

Cold packs

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31
Q

Cold packs promote

A

Vasoconstriction = away from the tissue

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32
Q

Primary transplants used for blood cancers

A

Bone Marrow and stem cell

33
Q

Why the need of a transplant:

A

It is a rescue treatment

Needed when high doses of chemo or radiation have destroyed too many blood cells

34
Q

2 types of transplants

A

Stem cells and Bone Marrow

35
Q

Bone Marrow Transplant

A

Stem cells are taken from Bone Marrow

36
Q

Stem cell transplant

A

Stem cells from blood

37
Q

Where can we get stem cells from

A

The patient

Match donor

Twin

38
Q

How are stem cells given

A

via a vein like a blood transfusion

39
Q

Complication of a transplant

A

infection

40
Q

Graft vs Host disease

A

the graft (Stem cells) rejects the host

41
Q

How does GVHD occur

A

Stem cells from someone else attack the host because they think it is foreign

42
Q

Early signs of rejection

A

Abdominal pain

GI issues

Jaundice (Liver)

Dark urine

Skin - rash, itching

43
Q

Two ways to treat GVJD

A

Steroids

Anti-rejection drug

44
Q

Reasons for Body image with chemo

A

Alopecia

Incisions

Amputations

Scars

45
Q

Every oncology patient will have this symptom

A

Fatigue

46
Q

1 cause of cancer related deaths

A

Infections

47
Q

Several ways to prevent infection with your chemo patients

A

Own supplies

Private room

Wash hands

Limited visitors

A cough and deep breathe

No fresh flowers

Avoid crowds

Raw fruits and vegetables

Drink only fresh water

48
Q

How often do IV tubing and dressings need to be changed

A

Daily

49
Q

A slight increase in temperature can indicate:

A

Sepsis

50
Q

The temperature we need to be mindful of

A

100.4 or 38 degrees Celsius

51
Q

Most important piece of lab work

A

Absolute Neutrophil count

52
Q

Neutropenia

A

A decrease in neutrophils

53
Q

Neutrophils

A

Mature WBCs

54
Q

Best way to assess neutropenia

A

Calculate an absolute neutrophil count

55
Q

What does an ANC tell you:

A

How many of your WBCs are neutrophils

56
Q

Purpose of neutrophils

A

fight off an infection

57
Q

Nadir

A

The lowest point

58
Q

Neutropenia + infection =

A

Sepsis or septic shock

59
Q

At most risk for neutropenia

A

Very old and young

60
Q

Deficiencies that contribute to neutropenia

A

B12

Folic acid

61
Q

Priority treatment for neutropenia

A

Prophylactic Antibiotic

62
Q

Neutropenic precautions

A

V/S q 4

Private room - door closed

Antimicrobial soap

No invasive procedures - IM, Rectal, NG, Foley

Limit Tylenol

63
Q

The second cause of death in cancer patients

A

DVT

64
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Decrease in platelets

65
Q

Platelets purpose

A

Clotting

66
Q

Findings of thrombocytopenia

A

Petechiae

ecchymosis

Purpura - red/purple bruises

Bleeding from eyes

67
Q

Treatment for thrombocytopenia

A

Platelets

68
Q

Red blood cell transfusion needed

A

SYMPTOMATIC anemia

69
Q

labs that indicate an RBC transfusion

A

HGB - < 8

HCT - < .24

70
Q

Why the need for platelet transfusion

A

Control bleeding

71
Q

Never infuse ____ Platelets

A

Cold

Spleen will reject it

72
Q

The temperature needed for platelet transfusion

A

Room temperature

73
Q

Test in donated blood?

A

CMV

74
Q

Leukoreduction:

A

CMV reduction

75
Q

Most common feared side effect from chemo

A

N/V

76
Q

Pharm to prevent Chemo induced Nausea and Vomiting

A

Ondansetron

77
Q

Oral antiemetic

A

Netupitant

78
Q

When to give netupitant

A

1 hour before chemo

79
Q

The gold standard for treating cancer pain

A

Opioids

Cancer (7 decks)

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