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Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

4 factors to determine if you will need chemo

A

The phase cycle

Time or how often the drug is given

Growth fraction

Tumor burden

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2
Q

Tumor Burden:

A

How much tumor is present

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3
Q

Growth fraction:

A

% of cells dividing at a given time

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4
Q

Regional chemotherapy

A

Chemotherapy delivered to a specific site

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5
Q

How often is chemotherapy scheduled

A

every 3 - 4 weeks

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6
Q

3 body systems affected by chemotherapy

A

Integumentary (Skin and hair)

Blood

GI

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7
Q

Alopecia

A

Hair loss

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8
Q

Common complaints from chemo patients

A

N/V

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9
Q

Ways we as providers and caretakers can get exposed to chemo

A

Skin

Inhale

Ingestion

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10
Q

What do we need before we can administer a chemo drug:

A

Full precaution gear

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11
Q

Considered full precaution gear for chemo

A

Gown

Mask

Gloves

Goggles

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12
Q

How long is chemo excreted after it is given

A

For 3-7 days

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13
Q

excretion precaution

A

2 pairs of glove

gown

mask

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14
Q

One word to remember chemotherapy disposal containers

A

YELLOW

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15
Q

What is the yellow rigid chemotherapy waste container used for

A

disposal of sharps and IVs

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16
Q

What are yellow chemotherapy waste bags used for

A

gowns, gloves and disposable items

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17
Q

Order of putting on chemo stuff from spill kit

A

Wash

Grab Kit

Mask

Gown

Glove

Goggles

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18
Q

How many times does the floor of a chemo spill need to be cleaned?

A

3 times

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19
Q

How are most chemo drugs delivered

A

IV

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20
Q

Chemo drug that is dangerous if it infiltrates

A

Vesicants

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21
Q

Vesicants, if infiltrated, can cause ___

A

Necrosis

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22
Q

Necrosis =

A

Tissue being eaten

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23
Q

First complaint of necrosis

A

Pain

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24
Q

Common symptoms of necrosis

A

Pain

Swelling

No blood return

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25
Anytime we give a chemo drug, we need to look this up
If it is a vesicant or not
26
Good nursing intervention if your client is receiving a vesicant:
Stay with client
27
Another term for necrosis
Extravasate
28
#1 thing to remember with extravasation:
Prevention
29
The first thing to do if someone extravasates:
Stop the infusion
30
Nursing intervention to relieve extravasate
Cold packs
31
Cold packs promote
Vasoconstriction = away from the tissue
32
Primary transplants used for blood cancers
Bone Marrow and stem cell
33
Why the need of a transplant:
It is a rescue treatment Needed when high doses of chemo or radiation have destroyed too many blood cells
34
2 types of transplants
Stem cells and Bone Marrow
35
Bone Marrow Transplant
Stem cells are taken from Bone Marrow
36
Stem cell transplant
Stem cells from blood
37
Where can we get stem cells from
The patient Match donor Twin
38
How are stem cells given
via a vein like a blood transfusion
39
Complication of a transplant
infection
40
Graft vs Host disease
the graft (Stem cells) rejects the host
41
How does GVHD occur
Stem cells from someone else attack the host because they think it is foreign
42
Early signs of rejection
Abdominal pain GI issues Jaundice (Liver) Dark urine Skin - rash, itching
43
Two ways to treat GVJD
Steroids Anti-rejection drug
44
Reasons for Body image with chemo
Alopecia Incisions Amputations Scars
45
Every oncology patient will have this symptom
Fatigue
46
#1 cause of cancer related deaths
Infections
47
Several ways to prevent infection with your chemo patients
Own supplies Private room Wash hands Limited visitors A cough and deep breathe No fresh flowers Avoid crowds Raw fruits and vegetables Drink only fresh water
48
How often do IV tubing and dressings need to be changed
Daily
49
A slight increase in temperature can indicate:
Sepsis
50
The temperature we need to be mindful of
100.4 or 38 degrees Celsius
51
Most important piece of lab work
Absolute Neutrophil count
52
Neutropenia
A decrease in neutrophils
53
Neutrophils
Mature WBCs
54
Best way to assess neutropenia
Calculate an absolute neutrophil count
55
What does an ANC tell you:
How many of your WBCs are neutrophils
56
Purpose of neutrophils
fight off an infection
57
Nadir
The lowest point
58
Neutropenia + infection =
Sepsis or septic shock
59
At most risk for neutropenia
Very old and young
60
Deficiencies that contribute to neutropenia
B12 Folic acid
61
Priority treatment for neutropenia
Prophylactic Antibiotic
62
Neutropenic precautions
V/S q 4 Private room - door closed Antimicrobial soap No invasive procedures - IM, Rectal, NG, Foley Limit Tylenol
63
The second cause of death in cancer patients
DVT
64
Thrombocytopenia
Decrease in platelets
65
Platelets purpose
Clotting
66
Findings of thrombocytopenia
Petechiae ecchymosis Purpura - red/purple bruises Bleeding from eyes
67
Treatment for thrombocytopenia
Platelets
68
Red blood cell transfusion needed
SYMPTOMATIC anemia
69
labs that indicate an RBC transfusion
HGB - < 8 HCT - < .24
70
Why the need for platelet transfusion
Control bleeding
71
Never infuse ____ Platelets
Cold Spleen will reject it
72
The temperature needed for platelet transfusion
Room temperature
73
Test in donated blood?
CMV
74
Leukoreduction:
CMV reduction
75
Most common feared side effect from chemo
N/V
76
Pharm to prevent Chemo induced Nausea and Vomiting
Ondansetron
77
Oral antiemetic
Netupitant
78
When to give netupitant
1 hour before chemo
79
The gold standard for treating cancer pain
Opioids

Cancer (7 decks)

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