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Adult Health > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Tumor Staging- T

A

Tx- cannot be assessed
T0- No evidence of primary tumor
TiS Carcinoma in situ
T1-T4- increasing size or local extent of tumor

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2
Q

Tumor Staging- Lymph Nodes-N

A

Nx- Cannot be assessed
N0- No regional metastasis
N1-N3- Increasing involvement regional lymph nodes

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3
Q

Tumor Staging- Metastasis

A

Mx Distant metastasis cannot be assessed
M0- No distant metastasis
M1- Distant metastasis

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4
Q

Purpose of staging

A

Baseline

Determine tx option and prognosis

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5
Q

Intraperitoneal chemo

A

Abdominal/ovarian cancer

Higher doses provided

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6
Q

Intraarterial chemo

A

Liver only (From colon)

Delivered into hepatic artery. Very high doses chemo.

5 FU and FUDR (Combo)

By pump

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7
Q

Intrathecal

A

For mets to CNS. Tube to spinal fluid.

Cross brain blood barrier

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8
Q

Portacath benefits

A 
0 dressing
less heparin
under skin
-may move
-may occlude
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9
Q

Most common s/e of chemo

A

N/v

  • premedicate
  • relaxation
  • no spicy food
  • avoid favorite foods
  • anti-anxiety meds
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10
Q

Management of Diarrhea with chemp

A 
^fiber food
^K+ foods
^fluid intake
Immodium
Call if >24 hr or stanky
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11
Q

Managing Mucositis

A
  • Soft nylon tooth brush
  • Lidocaine
  • Bland, soft, cold foods
  • Straw
  • Dentist prior to chemo
  • pain meds
  • Maalox

AVOID

  • Salty/sugar/acid/booze
  • Whitening toothpaste, mouthwash
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12
Q

Cancer fatigue

A
  • Not resolved with rest
  • interferes with life
  • encourage rest
  • administer blood
  • assess fluid/electrolyte
  • assess meds
  • assess nutrition
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13
Q

Myelosuppression

A
  • decreased WBC, RBC, PLT
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14
Q

Neurtopenia Drug therapy

A

Neupogen, leukine

IV/SQ

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15
Q

WBC WNL

A

(4.5-11)

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16
Q

RBC WNL

A

(4.5-6)

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17
Q

Neutrophil count <500

A

Severe risk- rating 4

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18
Q

Neutrophil count 1500-2000

A

No risk, normal, Rating 0

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19
Q

Thromocytopenia measures

A
  • No IM
  • Caution with foley
  • Monitor LOC- Intracranial bleed
  • Report bleeding
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20
Q

Anemia

A

S/s

  • low BP
  • Orthostatic BP
  • Tachycardisa
  • Decreased sat

Give fluids/RBC
Oxygen
OOB with assist

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21
Q

Alopecia

A

Temporary with chemo
Permanent with radiation

Avoid hair dryers/straighteners

22
Q

Top 3 cancers in men

A

Prostate
Lung
Colorectal

DEATHS
Lung
Prostate
Colorectal

23
Q

Top 3 cancer women

A

Breast
Lung
Colorectal

DEATHS
Lung
Breast
Colorectal

24
Q

S/s Breast ca

A
  • Redness
  • veins
  • edema/pitting
  • Nipple inversion
  • discharge
25
Q

Are Lymph nodes usually palpable?

A

Nope

26
Q

High risk breast CA screening

A

Annual mammogram with MRI

27
Q

Excisional lumpectomy

A

Entire mass, plus margin of skin

28
Q

Incisional biopsy

A

Surgical- portion of mass

29
Q

Ductal Carcinoma in situ

A 
Non-invasive
Milk ducts
No metz
no death
Removal of CA without breast
30
Q

Invasive

A 
Infiltrating ductal (Common, ducts=pathway)
Medullary
Mucinous
tubular
inflammatory
Paget's
31
Q

Risk factors: Breast CA

A
  • female
  • age
  • History CA
  • Family history CA
  • BRACA1 BRCA2
  • Early menarche
  • Late menopause
  • No full term pregnancy
  • Old first pregnancy
  • hormone therapy
  • radiation
  • Obesity
  • alcohol, high fat diet
32
Q

Chemo Prevention

A

Tamoxifen, Evista

Estrogen blocker

33
Q

Breast CA most likely to spread,,,

A

Bone, lung, liver, pluera, adreanal, skin, brain

34
Q

Sentinel node

A

-The first node that receives drainage from primary tumor

Found by injecting dye or radioactive isotope into breast and watching for first node

35
Q

Prevention of lymphedema

A
  • avoid IV/injections/blood draws
  • Avoid BP
  • Only electric razor
  • Do not lift more than 5lb
  • insect/sun repellent
36
Q

Sentinel lymph node biopsy management

A

Blue/green urine and stool

37
Q

Radiation probably needed for how long?

A

5-6wks

Decreases recurrence

38
Q

SE radiation

A 
Erythema
Edema
Skin breakdown
Rash 
Fatigue
39
Q

Combo Chemo time

A

3-6 mo

40
Q

70% of patients with lung ca have what at time of diagnosis?

A

Spread to regional lymph nodes

41
Q

Small cell lung CA

A

Aggressive, quick, rapid spread

10-15%

Lower the stage, better the prognosis

42
Q

Non-small cell CA

A

85-90%

Lower the stage, better teh prognosis

43
Q

S/S lung CA

A
  • CHRONIC COUGH*
  • dyspnea
  • Hemoptysis
  • Chest/shoulder pain
  • Anorexia
  • weight loss

-Asymptomatic until late

44
Q

Diagnostics Lung CA

A

CXR
CT
Bronchoscopy with biopsy
Fine needle aspiration

45
Q

SE lung radiation

A 
Esophagitis
Pneumonitis
Lung fibrosis
Pericarditis
Fatigue
46
Q

Risk factors colorectal CA

A
  • western culture
  • age
  • genetics
  • IBD
  • Smoke/drink/fattyfat
  • High fat, high protein
47
Q

Colorectal CA

A

-90% survival if caught early, but most not caught early

Low rate at late stages

Asymptomatic early stages

48
Q

Screening colonoscopy

A

At age 50
- Blood testing every year
-Sigmoidoscopy q3yr
Colonoscopy q10yr

49
Q

s/s Butt cancer

A

Most common- Change bowel habits

  • blood or tarry stoools
  • abd pain, constipation, distension
50
Q

Tenesmus

A

-Gotta poop, can’t poop. No poop.

51
Q

Post-op colorectal monitors

A
  • abd assess
  • bowel sounds
  • distension
  • Palpitation
  • s/s infection
  • Report stat
  • –Rectal Bleeding
  • –Abrupt change in abd pain
  • –s/s shock

Atelectasis
Pneumonia

52
Q

Stages Colorectal cancer

A 
A- Mucosa 
B1- Into mucosa
B2- Penetrating mucosa
C1- Into muscle, nodes
C2- Into muscle, nodes
D- many spreads

Adult Health (4 decks)

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