Oncology Flashcards
what is the most common hemolytic disorder in children
anemia
(the iron deficiency one is most common)
if hemoglobin in child is low, recomend ___
high iron diet
-NO extra milk tho, doesnt have iron
top 2 signs and symptoms of anemia, but still list the others
Tachypnea and Tachycardia!!!!
pallor, weakness and fatigues, irritability
anemia interventions
- RBC administration
- supplemental oxygen
- administer Epogen (stimulates production of RBCs)
examples of situations that cause anemia caused by inadequate supply or loss of iron
-rapid growth rate
- excessive milk intake.delayed addition of solid foods
- exclusive breastfed infant after age 6 months
what disorders are the most common cause of anemia
malabsorption disorders (GI)
Lab work for anemia
CBC, Reticulocyte count (immature RBCs)
what lab results would indicate improvement in anemia treatment
high reticulocyte count
what lab is MOST reliable/indicative of anemia (on exam fo sho)
Ferritin (protein that stores iron in blood)
Treatment for Anemia
-Add iron rich foods
-oral supplements : ferrour iron 3-6mg/kg
things to think aboutif giving iron to kids with anemia
-drink through straw bc it stains teeth
- take with fruit juice (orange is best)
- 3-6mg/kg per day
what are the 10 iron rich foods
- Red meat
- liver
- giblets
4.prunes
5.artichokes - iron fortified cereals
- egg yolks
- shelfish (clams, scallops)
- dark leafy greens
10.legumes
how is sickle cell inherited
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
what is sickle cell
hemoglobin disorder that causes normal round cells to change to crescent shape
clinical manifestations of sickle cell (what would a patient present with)
pallor, weakness, jaundice, tissue hypoxia
abnormal lab findings for sickle cell
decreases HgB
Increased Plt
high reticulocyte
high bilirubin
sickle cell treatments
-packed red blood cells
- hydroxyurea (increases production of fetal hemoglobin which helps reduce sickling of RBCs)
- pain management
what is the only curative treatment of sickle cell
bone marrow transplant
Vaso-Occlusive crisis
masses of sickle RBCs occlude vessels resulting in thrombosis, ischemia, and infarction
Life threatening ocmplications of sickle cell
- infection/sespsis
- splenic sequestration (acute splenic enlargement from pooling of
- acute chest syndrome (infection, can cause pulmonary infarction or htn)
in order for a child to have sickle cell: parents___
were both carriers for SS trait
what are triggers for a vasocclusive crisis in child with SS
dehydration, infection, fever, cold temp
what is Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
autoimmune thrombocytopenia
(low platelet count due to destruction of platelets by immune system)
sympptoms and lab findings of ITP
- petichae, epistaxis (nosebleeds), hematuria, bloody stool
- lab: abnormal coagulation labs, low platelet count
