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PEDs > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common hemolytic disorder in children

A

anemia
(the iron deficiency one is most common)

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2
Q

if hemoglobin in child is low, recomend ___

A

high iron diet

-NO extra milk tho, doesnt have iron

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3
Q

top 2 signs and symptoms of anemia, but still list the others

A

Tachypnea and Tachycardia!!!!

pallor, weakness and fatigues, irritability

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4
Q

anemia interventions

A
  • RBC administration
  • supplemental oxygen
  • administer Epogen (stimulates production of RBCs)
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5
Q

examples of situations that cause anemia caused by inadequate supply or loss of iron

A

-rapid growth rate
- excessive milk intake.delayed addition of solid foods
- exclusive breastfed infant after age 6 months

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6
Q

what disorders are the most common cause of anemia

A

malabsorption disorders (GI)

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7
Q

Lab work for anemia

A

CBC, Reticulocyte count (immature RBCs)

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8
Q

what lab results would indicate improvement in anemia treatment

A

high reticulocyte count

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9
Q

what lab is MOST reliable/indicative of anemia (on exam fo sho)

A

Ferritin (protein that stores iron in blood)

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10
Q

Treatment for Anemia

A

-Add iron rich foods
-oral supplements : ferrour iron 3-6mg/kg

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11
Q

things to think aboutif giving iron to kids with anemia

A

-drink through straw bc it stains teeth
- take with fruit juice (orange is best)
- 3-6mg/kg per day

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12
Q

what are the 10 iron rich foods

A
  1. Red meat
  2. liver
  3. giblets
    4.prunes
    5.artichokes
  4. iron fortified cereals
  5. egg yolks
  6. shelfish (clams, scallops)
  7. dark leafy greens
    10.legumes
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13
Q

how is sickle cell inherited

A

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE

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14
Q

what is sickle cell

A

hemoglobin disorder that causes normal round cells to change to crescent shape

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15
Q

clinical manifestations of sickle cell (what would a patient present with)

A

pallor, weakness, jaundice, tissue hypoxia

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16
Q

abnormal lab findings for sickle cell

A

decreases HgB
Increased Plt
high reticulocyte
high bilirubin

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17
Q

sickle cell treatments

A

-packed red blood cells
- hydroxyurea (increases production of fetal hemoglobin which helps reduce sickling of RBCs)
- pain management

18
Q

what is the only curative treatment of sickle cell

A

bone marrow transplant

19
Q

Vaso-Occlusive crisis

A

masses of sickle RBCs occlude vessels resulting in thrombosis, ischemia, and infarction

20
Q

Life threatening ocmplications of sickle cell

A
  • infection/sespsis
  • splenic sequestration (acute splenic enlargement from pooling of
  • acute chest syndrome (infection, can cause pulmonary infarction or htn)
21
Q

in order for a child to have sickle cell: parents___

A

were both carriers for SS trait

22
Q

what are triggers for a vasocclusive crisis in child with SS

A

dehydration, infection, fever, cold temp

23
Q

what is Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura

A

autoimmune thrombocytopenia
(low platelet count due to destruction of platelets by immune system)

24
Q

sympptoms and lab findings of ITP

A
  • petichae, epistaxis (nosebleeds), hematuria, bloody stool
  • lab: abnormal coagulation labs, low platelet count
25
Q

treatment for ITP

A

steroids for inflammation, IVIG, drugs to boost platelet counts

26
Q

transmissionof hemophilia

A

x-linked (more commonin males)

27
Q

treatment of hemophilia

A

recombinanct factor 8 or 9 infusions

28
Q

what is hemophilia

A

hem a: clotting factor 8 deficiency
hem b:clotting factor 9 deficiency

29
Q

what causes childhood cancer

A

unknown
usually related to peak growth periods

30
Q

what is the most commontypeofchildhood cancer

A

leukemia

31
Q

name a risk factor in developing pediatric cancer

A

environemnt, genetic, past history, down syndrome

32
Q

what is the role of platelets

A

clot

33
Q

name some clinical symtoms of a brain tumor

A

headache, vomiting, nystagmus, increased ICP, bulging fontanels in newborns

34
Q

When are children screened for sicklecell disease

A

birth

35
Q

Whilm’s tumor

A

tumor in kidney
mostcommon in 2-3 year olds

36
Q

Neuroblastoma

A

cancer that develops fromimmature nerve cells (neuroblasts) typically in adrenal glands
- usually diagnosed at 19 months (1.5 years)

37
Q

Osteocarcoma, what is it and which age group most popular

A

most commonin teens because rapid bone growth
bone tumor that originates in bone forming cells (osteoblasts)

38
Q

pathophysiology of leukemia

A

genetic damage to single bone marrow cell
- causes uncontrolled multiplication of immature cells (blasts)

39
Q

children with this genetic order are at higher risk for which cancer

A

down syndrome for leukemia

40
Q

hodgkins vs nonhodgkins

A

localized vs.
spreads (more common)

41
Q

treatment for lymphoma

A

autologous or allogenic stem cell transplant

PEDs (2 decks)

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