Oncology Flashcards
Types of tumour
Epithelial
Mesenchymal
Round cell
Diagnosis of
Fine needle aspirate
Incisional biopsy
Excisional biopsy
Definition of grading tumours
Features of the tumour on cytology/histopathology which allow predictions to be made about the behaviour of the tumour
Definition of staging tumours
An assessment that combines features of the primary tumour and a measurement of where it has spread
What to look at when staging solid tumours
Tumour
Lymph Node
Distant metastasis
4 stages of soft tissue sarcomas (TNM)
Stage I - small, superficial, low/intermediate grade tumours without nodal or distant metastasis
Stage II - superficially large or deep small tumours (any grade) without nodal or distant metastasis
Stage III - large, deep tumours without nodal or distant metastasis
Stage IV - any tumour with nodal or distant metastasis
What tissues are removed in radical surgery?
Entire compartment or structure containing the mass (limb, bone, muscle)
What tissues are removed in surgery with curative intent?
2-3cm lateral margins and one fascial plane
What tissues are removed in marginal surgery?
Removing the whole mass within the pseudocapsule
What tissues are removed in cytoreductive surgery?
Removing the bulk of disease within the pseudocapsule
Features of high grade tumours
High mitotic cell count
Poorly differentiated
Locally invasive
Nuclear/cellular atypia
Necrosis
Pros of FNA
Easy
Can often be done conscious
Give cytology results
Pros of incisional/excisional biopsy
Gives more tissue
Usually requires anaesthesia or sedation
Gives histology results
Types of epithelial tumour
Papilloma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Adenoma
Adenocarcinoma
