Oncology

Question 1

What is the target of trastuzumab?

Answer 1

Her-2/neu, a human epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase

Question 2

What is the target of cetuximab?

Answer 2

EGFR

Question 3

What is the target of imatinib?

Answer 3

c-kit, a stem cell growth factor receptor, implicated in GISTs

Question 4

What is the target of ipilimumab?

Answer 4

anti-CTLA-4 to promote growth and function of T cells, mostly for melanoma

Question 5

What is the target of nivolumab?

Answer 5

anti-PDL-1, removes checkpoint inhibition to allow T cells to function

Question 6

What is the target of pembrolizumab?

Answer 6

anti-PD-1 receptor to remove checkpoint inhbition

Question 7

Cisplatin’s main side effects are?

Answer 7

ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

Question 8

Bleomycin’s main side effect is?

Answer 8

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 9

Doxorubicin’s main side effect is?

Answer 9

cardiotoxicity

Question 10

Vincristine’s main side effect is?

Answer 10

peripheral neuropathy

Question 11

Cyclophosphamide’s main side effect is?

Answer 11

hemorrhagic cystitis

Question 12

What genes are involved in Lynch syndrome?

Answer 12

MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2 (mismatch repair genes)

Question 13

Lynch syndrome increases the risk of what cancers?

Answer 13

colon and endometrial mostly

Question 14

What is APC?

Answer 14

a tumor suppressor gene that regulates intra-cytoplasmic pool of beta-catenin

Question 15

What is Turcot syndrome?

Answer 15

a variant of Lynch syndrome or FAP that is associated with a brain tumor

Question 16

What is Li Fraumeni syndrome?

Answer 16

a heritable cancer syndrome secondary to TP53 defect (a tumor suppressor gene)

Question 17

What is TP53?

Answer 17

a tumor suppressor gene associated with Li Fraumeni syndrome

Question 18

What is STK11?

Answer 18

a tumor suppressor gene associated with Putz-Jueger disease

Question 19

What are the screening recommendations for patients with BRCA mutations?

Answer 19

• females: breast MRI annually starting at 25
• males: annual breast exams

Question 20

What is CDH1?

Answer 20

a tumor suppressor gene associated with E-cadherin and hereditary diffuse gastric cancer

Question 21

What phase of cell division is most vulnerable to radiation treatment?

Answer 21

M phase

Question 22

What tumors are associated with the following tumor markers:
- CEA
- CA 19-9
- CA 125
- AFP
- LDH
- PSA
- Alk P
- Her-2
- Chromogranin

Answer 22

• colon
• hepatobiliary and pancreatic
• ovarian
• HCC and non-seminoma testicular
• melanoma and testicular cancer
• prostate
• prostate
• breast
• carcinoid