Oncology Flashcards
Carcinoma means a cancer of what cell type?
Epithelial
Impaired fasting glucose levels and impaired glucose tolerance levels are what range?
fasting glu: 6.1-6.9 (IFG)
OGTT2h: 7.8-11.0 (IGT)
What cancers causes SVCO?
Lung cancer and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma
What abx is given for neutropenic sepsis?
Pipperacillin + Tazobactam = IV Tazocin
MEN Type 1 includes what cancers?
Parathyroid, pituitary and pancreatic.
1st line to treat breathlessness in end of life care?
Subcutaneous morphine sulphate
A sarcoma is derived from what cell of origin?
Mesenchymal
CDX2 and CK7 = an adenocarcinoma from where?
Upper GI
CDX2 and CK20 = an adenocarcinoma from where?
Lower GI
PAX8 and CK7 = an adenocarcinoma from where?
Ovary (non-mucinous)
Define neutropenic sepsis:
It may be defined as a neutrophil count of < 0.5 * 10^9. in a patient who is having anticancer treatment and has one of the following:
- A temperature higher than 38ºC or
- Other signs or symptoms consistent with clinically significant sepsis
Most common pathogen that causes neutropenic sepsis:
Staphylococcus epidermidis
This is probably due to the use of indwelling lines in patients with cancer.
What prophylaxis should be given for neutropenia?
Fluoroquinolone
1st line abx for neutropenic sepsis:
Piperacillin with tazobactam (Tazocin)immediately
2nd line for neutropenic sepsis if patients are still unwell in 48hrs?
If patients are still febrile and unwell after 48 hours an alternative antibiotic such as meropenem is often prescribed +/- vancomycin
Features of SVCO:
- Dyspnoea is the most common symptom
- Swelling of the face, neck and arms - conjunctival and periorbital oedema may be seen
- Headache: often worse in the mornings
- Visual disturbance
- Pulseless jugular venous distension
Management of SVCO:
A-E. Then SOS.
Sit up!
Oxygen!
Steroids (dexamethasone).
If a thrombus then LMWH.
Definitive treatment for SVCO:
- Vascular stenting
- Chemotherapy, radiotherapy (depending on primary tumour).
BRCA2 increases risk of what cancers in men?
Prostate and breast
Raindrop skull and lytic lesions on X-ray =
Myeloma
Raindrop skull and lytic lesions on X-ray =
Myeloma
