Oncology Flashcards
RF for developing N+V on chemo
anxiety // <50 // opioids // type of chemo
1st line anti-emetics low risk N+V patient
metoclopramide
1st line anti-emetics high risk N+V patient
5HT3 eg ondasetron (+ dexamethasone)
what type of meds are cyclophophamides and how do they work
alkylating agent - cross link DNA
SE cyclophophamides
haemorrhagic cystitis // myelosuppression // transitional carcinoma
what drug prevents haemorrhagic cystitis from cyclophophamides
Mesna
SE bleomycin
lung fibrosis
SE methotrexate
myelosuppression // mucositis // liver + lung fibrosis
se 5FU
myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis
SE cisplatin
ototoxic // peripheral neuropathy // low mg
what initial invx should all suspected cancer patients recieve
FBC // CXR // CT chest, abdo, pelvis // AFP + hCG
what tumour marker should men be screened for invx met of unknown origin
PSA
what tumour marker should women be screened for invx met of unknown origin + peritoneal malignancy or ascitic symptoms
Ca125
when is PET used
evaulate primary and metastitic disease - to see if legions are metabolically active
what cancer is Ca125 assoc with
ovarian + (liver)
what cancer is Ca199 assoc with
pancreatic + (liver) (+ cholangiocarcinoma)
what cancer is Ca153 assoc with
breast
what cancer is PSA assoc with
prostate
what cancer is AFP assoc with
hepatocellular + teratoma (+ testicular germ cell)
what cancer is CEA assoc with
colorectal
what cancer is aflatoxin ( from aspergillus) assoc with
liver
what cancer is aniline dyes assoc with
bladder (transitional)
what cancer is asbestos assoc with
mesothelioma + bronchial carcinoma
what cancer is nitrosamines assoc with
oesophageal + gastric
inheritance and mutation Li-Fraumeni syndrome
autosomal dominant, p53 suppressor
cancer in li-fraumeni
sarcoma + leukemia
diagnosis li-fraumeni
develop sarcoma under 45 // 1st degree FH cancer under 45 + another family malignacny under 45 or sarcoma at any age
BRCA 1 + 2 cancer assoc
breast (60%) // ovarian (25%) // prostate
lynch inheritance
dominant
cancer with lynch
coloni or endometrial
Amsterdam criteria for colorectal cancer
3 family members with colorectal (1 1st degree) // 2 generations // 1 diagnosis <50
gardners inheritence
dominant
cancers gardeners
colonic polyps
most common mets –> bone
prostate –> breast – Lung
most common place for bone –> mets
spine –> pelvis –> rib –> skull
symptoms bone cancer
pain // fractures // hypercalcaemia // raised ALP
subtypes of HPV –> cancer
16,18 (33)
subtype of HPV –> warts
6+11
HPV cell appearance
koilocytes –> enlarged nucleus, irregular membrane, dark nucleus
what hormone is released in SSC lung cancer and what metabolic symptom
PTHrP –> hypercalcaemia
what cancer is hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthroplasty assoc with
SCC lung
neoplastic spinal cord compression symptoms
back pain!!! worse lying down // LL weakness // sensory changes
invx neoplastic spinal compression
MRI within 24 hours presentation
mx neoplastic spinal cord
high dose oral dexa
symptoms SVC obstruction
SOB // swelling // headache // visual disturbance // pulseless JVP
causes SVC obstruction
small cell lung cancer // lympoma
