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MED-SURG > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the highest caused of cancer death in the US in both male and female population?

a. Lung
b. Liver
c. Colorectal
d. Pancreatic

A

a. Lung

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2
Q

What is the single most lethal chemical carcinogen that accounts to 30% of all cancer deaths?

a. Tobacco Smoke
b. ASbestos
c. Radon
d. Alcohol

A

a. Tobacco Smoke

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3
Q

The following are side effects of radiation therapy on the skin, EXCEPT:
a. Hirsutism
b. Erythema
c. Desquamation
d. Alopecia

A

a. Hirsutism

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4
Q

Which of the following is the most common side effects of anti-neoplastic therapy?
a. Anorexia
b. Thrombocytopenia
c. Alopecia
d. Nausea and Vomiting

A

d. Nausea and Vomiting

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5
Q

Which of the following anti-neoplastic drug is known to be to nephrotoxic?

a. Methotrexate
b. Imatinib
c. Vincristine
d. Doxorubicin

A

a. Methotrexate

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6
Q

What type of cytokines have both anti-viral and anti-tumor properties that stimulate the immune system to eradicate malignant growth?

a. Monoclona antibodies
b. Interleukins
c. Lymphokines
d. Interferon

A

d. Interferon

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7
Q

Which of the following is the best way of monitoring cancer patient’s nutritional status?

a.
Monitor intake and output
b.
Weight daily
c.
Monitoring daily calorie intake
d.
Observing proper wound healing

A

b.
Weight daily

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8
Q

What is the leading cause of cancer death during post-operative period?
a.
Electrolyte imbalance
b. Infection
c. Respiratory depression
d. Bleeding

A

b. Infection

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9
Q

Which of the following is a gram-negative bacillus that cause infection in immunocompromised patient?
a.
Enterobacteriaceae
b.
Haemophilus influenzae
c.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
d.
Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

c.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

The nurse will also assess for the postoperative complication of septic shock, which is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Tachycardia
b. Oliguria
c. Hypothermia
d. Hypertension

A

d. Hypertension

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11
Q

arting at what age colonoscopy is recommended with 10-year interval in between examination as a secondary prevention from colon cancer?

a.
50 years old
b.
60 years old
c.
40 years old
d.
30 years old

A

a.
50 years old

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12
Q

What immune component is responsible for directly destroying cancer cells by releasing lymphokines?

a.
T lymphocytes
b. Monocytes
c.
B lymphocytes
d.
Natural Killer Cells

A

d.
Natural Killer Cells

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13
Q

If the tumor of your client is graded by the physician as grade 1, what does it tells you about the tumor?

a.
Aggressive tumor with poor prognosis
b.
Cells of the tumor closely resembles that of the normal tissues
c.
Tumor cells are less differentiated and forms glands
d.
The tumor cells are undifferentiated

A

b.
Cells of the tumor closely resembles that of the normal tissues

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14
Q

What kind of surgery is when client’s nerve in the spine is cut to relieve the patient from excruciating pain?
a. Pallative
b. Curative
c. Reconstructive
d. Diagnostic

A

a. Pallative

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15
Q

Which type of tumors are more sensitive to radiation therapy?
a.
Big tumors sizes
b.
Poorly differentiated
c.
Poorly oxygenated tumor
d.
Slow proliferation rate

A

b.
Poorly differentiated

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16
Q

The following are safety precautions that a nurse should practice when taking care of patients receiving brachytherapy EXCEPT:
a.
Posting appropriate notices about radiation safety precautions
b.
Assigning one nurse to take care of the patient per shift
c.
Limit time in giving direct patient care for 30 minutes in a day per nurse
d.
Nurses who enter the room of the patient should wear a dosimeter badge

A

b.
Assigning one nurse to take care of the patient per shift

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17
Q

In administrating anti-neoplastic drugs, which of the following condition of the nurse should temporary hold the drug and need further assessment?
a.
Burning sensarion in the IV site
b.
There is backflow of blood in the IV line
c.
No resistance in the IV flow
d.
Flowing IV lin

A

a.
Burning sensarion in the IV site

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18
Q

The following are the correct management of extravasation, EXCEPT:
a.
Stop the anti-neoplastic infusion
b.
Inject antidote of the infiltrated drug
c.
Fast drip the main line to flush residual drug in the tubing
d.
Aspirate infiltrated medication from the tissue

A

c.
Fast drip the main line to flush residual drug in the tubing

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19
Q

Which of the following anti-neoplastic drug you have to watch out for severe diarrhea?
a. Vincristine
b. Imatinib
c. Cyclophosphamide
d. Doxorubicin

A

d. Doxorubicin

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20
Q

One of the side effects of anti-neoplastic therapy is tumor lysis syndrome leading to hyperuricemia, which of the following medication you would expect to be given to the client?

a. Allopurinol
b. Kayexelate
c. Furosemide
d. Alluminum hydroxide

A

a. Allopurinol

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21
Q

To reduce nitrate intake because of possible carcinogenic action, the nurse suggests that a patient decrease his or her intake of:
a.
Bacon and Ham
b.
Milk and cheese
c.
Green leafy vegatebles and red meats
d.
Eggs and chicken

A

a.
Bacon and Ham

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22
Q

A patient is scheduled for an outpatient procedure whereby liquid nitrogen is used to freeze a cervical cancer. The procedure is known as:
a.
Radiofrequency ablation
b.
Laser surgery
c. Chemosurgery
d. Cryosurgery

A

d. Cryosurgery

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23
Q

Surgery done to remove lesions that are likely to develop into cancer is known as:
a. Prophylaxis
b. Diagnostic
c. Reconstructive
d. Curative

A

a. Prophylaxis

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24
Q

major disadvantage of chemotherapy is that it:
a.
functions against disseminated disease.
b.
attacks cancer cells during their vulnerable phase
c.
targets both normal and malignant cells
d.
is systemic.

A

c.
targets both normal and malignant cells

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25
Q

When a patient takes vincristine, a plant alkaloid, the nurse should assess for symptoms of toxicity affecting the:
a.
Nervous system
b.
Respiratory system
c.
Gastrointestinal System
d. Urinary System

A

a.
Nervous system

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26
Q

A breast cancer patients is scheduled to begin radiation therapy, followed by chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil. Realizing the side effects of radiation therapy, the nurse should prepare the client for all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
the skin at the treatment area may become red and inflamed.
b.
her lungs may possibly produce more mucus.
c.
alopecia will occur as a result of the quickly growing hair follicles.
d.
she may tire more easily and require additional rest periods.

A

c.
alopecia will occur as a result of the quickly growing hair follicles.

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27
Q

The nurse should teach a cancer patient what she can do to protect her skin between radiation treatments. Measures include all of the following EXCEPT:
a.
avoid irritation with soap and water.
b.
Wear loose fitting clothing
c.
use a heat lamp once a day directed to the radiation site to promote tissue
d.
handle the area gently.

A

c.
use a heat lamp once a day directed to the radiation site to promote tissue

28
Q

Post radiation therapy, a cancer patient is diagnosed as having thrombocytopenia. The nurse should assess for all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Echymosis
b. Hematuria
c. Hematemesis
d. Fever

A

d. Fever

29
Q

The following are nursing actions appropriate in preventing stomatitis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy,EXCEPT?
a.
Rinse mouth with Mycostatin and topical anesthetic
b.
Provide pureed diet
c.
Encourage to wear dentures all the time
d.
Advise client to avoid commercial mouthwash

A

c.
Encourage to wear dentures all the time

30
Q

Which of the following is an appropriate nursing intervention to minimize hair loss for a diagnosis of “impaired tissue integrity: alopecia”?
a.
Use scalp hyperthermia to increase blood circulation
b.
Comb hair 100 times after bathing
c. Encourage shampooing of hair everyday
d.
Cut long hair before treatment

A

d.
Cut long hair before treatment

31
Q

The following are ways to assist a cancer patient in coping with hair loss EXCEPT:
a.
Contact the American Cancer Society for donated wig
b.
Wear hat, scarf, or turban
c.
Explain that hair growth usually begins again once therapy is completed
d.
Begin to wear wig when majority of the hair has fall off.

A

d.
Begin to wear wig when majority of the hair has fall off.

32
Q

What is the rationale of using diversional activity such as music therapy and imagery throughout the phase of chemotherapy in the control and prevention of nausea and vomiting?
a.
Unpleasant sensations can stimulate the nausea and vomiting center
b.
Gives patient sense of empowerment and control.
c.
Reducing anxiety helps in the control and prevention of nausea and vomiting
d.
Increased comfort increases physical tolerance of symptoms

A

c.
Reducing anxiety helps in the control and prevention of nausea and vomiting

33
Q

The following are sources of fatigue in cancer patient, EXCEPT:
a.
Dream deprivation
b. Anxiety
c.
Pain and pruritus
d. Anemia

A

a.
Dream deprivation

34
Q

Why do we need to encourage patient participation when changes of pain management arise?
a.
To increase anxiety of the client
b.
To increase the client self-esteem
c.
To encourage social engagement
d.
To decrease sense of powerlessness

A

d.
To decrease sense of powerlessness

35
Q

The following are effective nursing interventions as the patient enters terminal phase of the disease, EXCEPT:
a.
Advising the client and family on what to do about palliative care
b.
Acknowledging the reactions of the patient and family
c.
Assists in the exploration for preferences related to end-of-life care
d.
Holding patient’s hand and being at the bedside of the client.

A

d.
Holding patient’s hand and being at the bedside of the client.

36
Q

Which of the following laboratory results on platelet count indicates the patient is at moderate risk for bleeding?
a.
50, 0000- 100,000/mm3
b.
Less than 20,000/mm3
c. 20,000-50,000/mm3
d. 150,000-100,000/mm3

A

c. 20,000-50,000/mm3

37
Q

Which of the following tool would you recommend in trimming the nail of a cancer patient who it as risk bleeding?
a.
Nail cutter
b. Thootette
c.
Emery board
d. Scissors

A

c.
Emery board

38
Q

How long will you apply pressure over the venipuncture site to minimizes blood loss in patients with thrombocytopenia?

a.
10 minutes
b.
2 minutes
c.
5 minutes
d.
15 minutes

A

c.
5 minutes

39
Q

The following are independent nursing intervention appropriate to client whose platelet count is less than 20,000/mm3, EXCEPT:

a.
Administer platelet transfusion
b.
Bed rest with padded side rails
c.
No strenuous activity
d.
Caution against forceful nose blowing

A

a.
Administer platelet transfusion

40
Q

What is the underlying mechanism as to why malignancy leads to infection?
a.
Cells disturb the balance of normal flora, allowing other microorganisms to become more pathogenic.
b.
Cells create a port of entry and possible introduction of exogenous organisms into the system.
c.
Cells masks the inflammatory response.
d.
Cells infiltrate the bone marrow and interfere with production of WBC and lymphocytes.

A

d.
Cells infiltrate the bone marrow and interfere with production of WBC and lymphocytes.

41
Q

Why life-threatening hypercalcemia occurs in cancer patients?
a.
Rapid destruction of cancer cells by anti-neoplastic drugs cause the release of calcium in the blood.
b.
Destruction of red blood cells in the spleen leads to the release of calcium into the blood.
c.
It is due to the decrease in parathyroid hormones.
d.
Body response to cancer may cause breakdown of bone releasing stored calcium into the blood.

A

d.
Body response to cancer may cause breakdown of bone releasing stored calcium into the blood.

42
Q

Tumor lysis syndrome may result to hyperkalemia due to the release of intracellular contents into the blood stream. Which of the following medication would you expect to be given to manage life-threatening hyperkalemia?
a.
Alluminum hydroxide
b. Kayexalate
c. Allopurinol
d. Furosemide

A

b. Kayexalate

43
Q

What do you call this therapy in which a gene is administer to invoke the antitumor response for the immune system?
a.
Active immunotherapy
b.
Adoptive immunotherapy
c.
Tumor-directed therapy
d.
Gene therapy

A

a.
Active immunotherapy

44
Q

What medication is given to inhibit angiogenesis of malignant tumors?
a. Imatinib
b. Avastin
c. Tamoxifen
d. Retinoids

A

b. Avastin

45
Q

Which medication specifically targets cancer cells sparing normal cells from damages?
a. Imatinib
b. Doxorubicin
c. Cisplatin
d. Vincristine

A

d. Vincristine

46
Q

Nurse Gia is caring for a client following a mastectomy. Which assessment finding indicates that the client is experiencing complication related to the surgery?
a.
Sanguineous drainage in the Jackson-Pratt drain
b.
Arm edema on the operative site
c.
Complaints of decreased sensation near the operative site.
d.
Pain at the incisional site

A

b.
Arm edema on the operative site

47
Q

Nurse Pamela is teaching a client who suspects that she has a lump in her breast. The nurse instructs the client that a diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by:
a.
Breast ultrasound
b. Mammography
c.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy
d.
Breast examination

A

d.
Breast examination

48
Q

The nurse is caring for a female client experiencing neutropenia as a result of chemotherapy and develops a plan of care for the client. The nurse plans to…
a.
Restict all visitors
b.
Encourage eating of raw vegetables.
c.
Teach the client and family about the need for hand hygiene
d.
Limit fluid intake.

A

c.
Teach the client and family about the need for hand hygiene

49
Q

On clinic visit a client who has a relative with cancer, is asking about the warning signs that may related to cancer. The nurse correctly identifies the warning signs of cancer by responding:
a.
“A lump located only in the breast area may suggest presence of cancer.”
b.
“If a sore healing took a month or more to heal, cancer should be suspected.”
c.
“Presence of dry cough is one of the warning signs of cancer.”
d.
“Sudden weight loss of unexplained etiology can be a warning signs of cancer.”

A

d.
“Sudden weight loss of unexplained etiology can be a warning signs of cancer.”

50
Q

In staging and grading neoplasm TNM system is used. TNM stands for:
a.
Time, neoplasm, mode of growth
b.
Tumor, Node, Metastasis
c.
Time, Node, mode of spread
d.
Time, Neoplasm, metastasis

A

b.
Tumor, Node, Metastasis

51
Q

Nausea and vomiting is an expected side effect of chemotherapeutic drug use. Which of the following drug should be administered to a client on chemotherapy to prevent nausea and vomiting?
a.
Busulfan (Myleran)
b.
Succimer (Chemet)
c.
Metochlopramide (Metozol)
d.
Anastrazole (Arimedex)

A

c.
Metochlopramide (Metozol)

52
Q

The nurse is preparing Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Safe handling of drug should be implemented to protect the nurse from injury. Which of the following action by the nurse should be corrected?
a.
Air bubbles should be expelled on wet cotton
b. Label the hanging IV bottle with “ANTINEOPLASTIC CHEMOTHERAPY” sign.
c.
The nurse should only wear mask and gloves
d.
Vent vials after mixing to relieve pressure in the vial.

A

c.
The nurse should only wear mask and gloves

53
Q

In teaching about cancer prevention to a community group, the nurse stresses promotion of exercise, normal body weight, and low-fat diet because…
a.
Dietary fat and obesity promote growth of many types of cancer
b.
Most people are willing to make these changes to avoid cancer
c.
Obesity and lack of exercise cause cancer in susceptible people.
d.
People who exercise and eat healthy will make other lifestyle changes.

A

a.
Dietary fat and obesity promote growth of many types of cancer

54
Q

The clinic nurse is caring for a 42-year-old male oncology patient. He complains of extreme fatigue and weakness after his first week of radiation therapy. Which response by the nurse would best reassure this patient?
a.
Try not to be concerned about these symptoms. Every patient feels this way after having radiation therapy.
b.
Even though it is uncomfortable, this is a good sign. It means that only the cancer cells are dying.
c.
These symptoms are part of your disease and are an unfortunately inevitable part of living with cancer.
d.
These symptoms usually result from radiation therapy; however, we will continue to monitor your laboratory and x-ray studies.

A

d. These symptoms usually result from radiation therapy; however, we will continue to monitor your laboratory and x-ray studies.

55
Q

A 50-year-old man diagnosed with leukemia will begin chemotherapy. What would the nurse do to combat the most common adverse effects of chemotherapy?
a.
Administer anticoagulant
b.
Administer anti-emetic
c.
Administer anti-metabolite
d.
Adminiter antibiotics

A

b.
Administer anti-emetic

56
Q

An oncology patient has begun to experience skin reactions to radiation therapy, prompting
the nurse to make the diagnosis Impaired Skin Integrity: erythematous reaction to radiation therapy. What intervention best addresses this nursing diagnosis?
a.
Apply phototherapy PRN
b.
Avoid rubbing or scratching the affected area
c.
Apply an ice pack or heating pad PRN to relieve pain and pruritis
d.
Avoid skin contact with water whenever possible

A

b.
Avoid rubbing or scratching the affected area

57
Q

A nurse who works in an oncology clinic is assessing a patient who has arrived for a 2- month follow-up appointment following chemotherapy. The nurse notes that the patients skin appears yellow. Which blood tests should be done to further explore this clinical sign?
a.
Complet blood count (CBC)
b.
Blood Urea Nitrogen & Creatinine
c. Uninalysis
d.
Liver function test (FLT)

A

d.
Liver function test (FLT)

58
Q

While a patient is receiving IV doxorubicin hydrochloride for the treatment of cancer, the nurse observes swelling and pain at the IV site. The nurse should prioritize what action?
a.
Stopping the administration of the drug immediately
b.
Continuing the infusion but decreasing the rate
c.
Applying a warm compress to the infusion site
d.
Notifying the patients physician

A

a.
Stopping the administration of the drug immediately

59
Q

A woman who was diagnosed with breast cancer underwent chemotherapy then followed by surgical removal of the tumor. What type of treatment did the client underwent?
a.
Adjunct Chemotherapy
b.
Post-adjuvant chemotherapy
c.
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy
d.
Adjuvant chemotherapy

A

c.
Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy

60
Q

A patient was diagnosed with Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL). The client is recommended to undergo bone marrow transplant and his son was selected to have a good match as a donor. What kind of bone marrow transplant will the patient undergo?
a.
Adjuvant transplant
b.
Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant
c.
Allogeneic Transplant
d.
Autologus transplant

A

c.
Allogeneic Transplant

61
Q

woman diagnosed with stage 3 cancer just underwent modified radical mastectomy with 2 Jackson pratt in placed. How long would it take before removing the drain from the surgical site?
a.
2 months after surgery
2 weeks after surgery
c.
It is removed upon discharge before going home.
d.
After 5 days post surgery

A

2 weeks after surgery

62
Q

woman diagnosed with stage 3 cancer underwent modified radical mastectomy and must go home with drains inplaced. The following are the conditions about the incision and JP drainage that the patient and family should watch out and report to the nurse or AP EXCEPT:
a.
Bright red drainage for 2-3 days
b.
Drainage of 50 cc for 24 hours
c.
Fever, malaise, myalgia
d.
Thick-purulent drainage

A

b.
Drainage of 50 cc for 24 hours

63
Q

After radiation therapy, a woman with breast cancer begins a regimen of chemotherapy with 5- fluorouracil. Three weeks after treatment begins, the patient develops a fever, sore throat, and cold symptoms. The nurse knows that Kim’s symptoms could be due to all of the
following except:
a.
bone marrow depression.
b. hypercalcemia.
c. leukopenia.
d.
altered nutrition.

A

d.
altered nutrition.

64
Q

Which of the following are the major factors that motivate patients and their family to seek unconventional cancer treatments?
1. Hopefullness
2. Desperation
3. Met needs
4. Social Pressures
5. Lack of knowlegde
a. 2,4,5
b. 1,2,3
c. 3,4,5
d. 1,3,5

A

a. 2,4,5

65
Q

The nurse on a bone marrow transplant unit is caring for a patient with cancer who is preparing for hematopoetic stem cell therapy.

What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this patient?
a.
Altered nutrition: less than body requirements related to anorexia
b.
Body image disturbance related to weight loss and anorexia
c.
Fatigue related to altered metabolic processes
d.
Risk for infection related to altered immunologic response

A

a.
Altered nutrition: less than body requirements related to anorexia

66
Q

The following are independent nursing intervention to mitigate fatigue in cancer patients, EXCEPT:
a.
Assess fluid and electrolyte imbalance
b. Encourage use of relaxation techniques, mental imagery.
c.
Administer pack RBC.
d.
Encourage rest periods during the day, especially before and after physical exertion.

A

c.
Administer pack RBC.

67
Q

The following are measures to minimize the risk of bleeding on cancer patietns undergoing chemotherapy, EXCEPT:
a.
*Avoid intramuscular injections; use smallest needle possible
b.
Draw all blood for lab work with one daily venipuncture.
c.
Rectal route is preffered when administering medications through a suppository.

d.
Apply direct pressure to injection and venipuncture sites for at least 5 minutes

A

c.
Rectal route is preffered when administering medications through a suppository.

MED-SURG (4 decks)

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