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ONCOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

The nurse is instructing a client how to do
testicular examination. The nurse tells the client:
a. To examine testicles while lying down
b. That the best time for examination is
after a shower
c. To gently feel the testicle with 1 finger
to feel for a growth
d. That testicular self-exam is done at least
every 6 months

A

b. That the best time for examination is

after a shower

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2
Q

A patient with breast cancer is anxious about his
condition and asks the nurse about the site
where metastasis would most likely occur. The
nurse’s best response would be:
a. Brain
b. Bone
c. Liver
d. Spine and Legs

A

b. Bone - nearest to breast

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3
Q

A student nurse was giving a client with cancer
information regarding radiation therapy. The
staff nurse would intervene if the student nurse
states that:
a. “Unsealed radiation may be
administered via IV route”
b. “Unsealed radiation makes the patient
radio-active”
c. “Sealed radiation is a solid implant
placed anywhere in the body”
d. “Sealed radiation emits radiation thru
the implants”

A

c. “Sealed radiation is a solid implant

placed anywhere in the body”

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4
Q

A patient with a dislodged radiation source
needs more health teachings if he/she does
which of the following?
a. Prohibits visitor from visiting
b. covers radiation source with hands
c. prevents contact with pregnant women
d. notify the nurse

A

b. covers radiation source with hands - It has to be handled by long forcep

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5
Q 
All of the following are diagnostic 
procedures of cancer except:
a. MRI 
b. CT-scan 
c. CBC 
d. U/A
A

d. U/A - Urinalysis is wrong

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6
Q

All of the following are warning signs of cancer

except:
a. Hoarseness of voice
b. Lump in the testicles
c. Impaired digestion
d. Impaired respiratory function

A

d. Impaired respiratory function

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7
Q

A patient with cancer was admitted and
scheduled for biopsy of the staging type. It was
then confirmed that the cancer is in stage III. As
a nurse, you understand that this stage is:
a. Distant metastasis
b. Limited local spread
c. Tumor limited tissue of origin
d. Extensive local and regional spread

A

d. Extensive local and regional spread

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8
Q

Each of the following are carcinogenic chemicals

except:
a. Epstein-barr
b. Benzopyrene
c. Nitrosamine
d. Aflatoxin

A

a. Epstein-barr

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9
Q 
Which of the following neoplastic disorders is 
most likely caused by HPV? 
a. Lymphoma 
b. Liver cancer 
c. Nasopharyngeal cancer 
d. Cervical cancer
A

d. Cervical cancer

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10
Q 
A. patient taking chemotherapy is suffering from 
nausea and vomiting. One of the best 
interventions that the nurse could give would 
be: 
a. Increase sodium in diet 
b. Prevent complications of hyperaemia
c. Ingestion of more than the optimal 
amount of nutrients 
d. Watch out for signs and symptoms of 
hyperkalemia
A

c. Ingestion of more than the optimal

amount of nutrients

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11
Q

The client reports that while performing
testicular self exam, he found a lump the size
and shape of a pea. The appropriate response to
the client is:
a. Lumps like that are normal; don’t worry
b. Let me know if it gets bigger next
month
c. That could be cancer, I’ll ask the doctor
to examine you
d. That’s important to report even though
it might not be serious

A

d. That’s important to report even though

it might not be serious

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12
Q

The community nurse is conducting a health
promotion program at a health center and is
discussing the risk factors associated with
cervical cancer. Which of the following, if
identified by the client as a risk factor for
cervical cancer, indicates a need for further
teaching?
a. Smoking
b. multiple sex partners
c. 1st intercourse after age 20
d. HPV

A

c. 1st intercourse after age 20 -> Should be Upon 16 years Below

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13
Q

A patient with laryngeal cancer is undergoing
total laryngectomy. As a nurse, you must plan
for a post-operative care. All of the following are
included in post-op intervention except:
a. maintain surgical drains in the chest
b. maintain mechanical ventilator support
c. Increase activity as tolerated
d. assess gag reflex & cough reflex

A

a. maintain surgical drains in the chest

R: The word “chest” makes it wrong, it should be at the neck.

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14
Q 
A patient with gastric cancer underwent 
gastrojejunostomy(Billroth II). Which of the 
following interventions is included in the 
patient’s post-op care? 
a. Give patient a high fiber diet 
b. Plan for TPN 
c. Regular NGT irrigation 
d. Instruct client to eat solid foods
A

d. Instruct client to eat solid foods

R: Dire-diretso na ang pagkain dahil sa gastrojejunostomy(Billroth II). = Solid ffoods dapat para mapabagal pa ang digestion.

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15
Q

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a
patient with multiple myeloma & includes which
priority intervention in the plan?
a. Encouraging fluids
b. Providing frequent oral care
c. Coughing & DBE
d. Monitoring RBC count

A

a. Encouraging fluids

R: Due to plasma gradually destroying the bones = decrease in density = decrease Ca in Blood = hypercalcemia = risk for renal calculi = FLUIDS

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16
Q

The hospice nurse visits a client dying of ovarian
cancer. During the visit, the client expresses that
“If I can just live long enough to attend my
daughter’s graduation, I’ll be ready to die”
Which phase of coping is the client
experiencing?
a. Anger
b. Denial
c. Bargaining
d. Depression

A

c. Bargaining

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17
Q

When assessing the laboratory results of the
client with bladder cancer and bone metastasis,
the nurse notes a calcium level of 12 mg/dl. The
nurse recognizes that this is consistent with
which oncological emergency?
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypercalcemia
c. Spinal cord depression
d. Superior vena cava syndrome

A

b. Hypercalcemia

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18
Q 
The client is admitted with a suspected 
Hodgkin’s Disease. Which assessment finding 
would the nurse expect to note specifically in the 
client? 
a. Fatigue 
b. Weakness 
c. Weight gain 
d. Enlarged lymph nodes
A

d. Enlarged lymph nodes

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19
Q

. In the immediate post-op period the nurse notes
a bloody drainage from the NGT of a patient
who underwent gastrectomy. Which of the
following is the appropriate nursing intervention?
a. Irrigate the NGT
b. Continue monitoring drainage
c. Replace NGT
d. Notify the physician

A

b. Continue monitoring

R: Continue monitoring as the client underwent to surgery, this is a normal phenomenon

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20
Q

A is patient diagnosed of having a bowel tumor.
He underwent different kinds of diagnostic
procedures. As a nurse, you know that the
confirmatory test for malignancy is:
a. MRI
b. CT-scan
c. Biopsy
d. Abdominal ultrasound

A

c. Biopsy

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21
Q

The nurse is caring for a client with cancer
experiencing acute pain. The appropriate
nursing assessment of the client’s pain would
include:
a. Client’s pain rating
b. Non-verbal cues from the client
c. The nurse’s impression of the client’s
pain
d. Pain relief after nursing intervention

A

a. Client’s pain rating

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22
Q

The client with leukemia is receiving busulfan
(myleran), and allopurinol (zyloprim) is
prescribed to him. The nurse tells the client that
the purpose of allopurinol is to:
a. Prevent nausea
b. Prevent alopecia
c. Prevent vomiting
d. Prevent hyperuricemia

A

d. Prevent hyperuricemia

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23
Q

The nurse is teaching a client about the risk
factors associated with colorectal cancer. The
nurse determines that further teaching is
necessary if the client associates which of the
following as a risk factor?
a. Age younger than 50 years
b. History of colorectal polyps
c. Family history of colorectal cancer
d. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease

A

a. Age younger than 50 years

R: It should be “Age older than 50 years”

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24
Q

The nurse is reviewing the history of a client
with bladder cancer. The nurse expects to note
documentation of which most common symptom
of this type of cancer?
a. Dysuria
b. Hematuria
c. Urgency of urination
d. Frequency of urination

A

b. Hematuria

R: because of tumor who is bleeding.

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25
Q

The nurse is caring for a patient with cancer
who underwent mastectomy. Which nursing
intervention would assist in preventing
lymphedema?
a. Placing cool compress on the affected
arm
b. Elevating the affected arm on a pillow
above heart level
c. Avoiding arm exercise in the immediate
post-op period
d. Maintaining IV site below the ante
cubital area on the affected side

A

b. Elevating the affected arm on a pillow

above heart level

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26
Q

A patient is undergoing radiation therapy for
treatment of breast cancer. The patient asks the
nurse about the treatment. The nurse incorrectly
responds to the patient if he states that:
a. Radiation is made of high energy waves
b. For external radiation, patient can be
exposed to pregnant visitors
c. External radiation makes the
patient radioactive
d. Internal radiation makes the patient a
source of radiation

A

c. External radiation makes the

patient radioactive

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27
Q

Nurse Kara admits a patient diagnosed with
Laryngeal cancer. Which of the following is least
expected to be seen in a patient with this type
of cancer?
a. Hemoptysis
b. Difficulty swallowing
c. Projectile vomiting
d. Hoarseness of voice

A

c. Projectile vomiting

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28
Q

As a knowledgeable nurse, you must know that
if a patient is experiencing the most common
side effect of chemotherapy, you have to:
a. Avoid sunlight
b. Use non-restrictive clothings
c. Administer anti-diarrheals
d. Administer anti-emetics

A

d. Administer anti-emetics

29
Q

Which of the following laboratory data is least
likely in a patient diagnosed with multiple
myeloma?
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Bence Jones protein
c. Increased uric acid
d. Increased WBC

A

d. Increased WBC

30
Q

A patient diagnosed with Bone cancer asks the
student nurse about the characteristics of this
kind of neoplastic disorder. The staff nurse
would intervene if the student states to the
patient which of the following?
a. There are different types of bone cancer
depending on its origin
b. This cancer can affect the blood calcium
level
c. Bone cancer will only experience
pain with movement and palpation
d. You can expect your nurse to support
your ambulation and provide care in
turning you in bed

A

c. Bone cancer will only experience

pain with movement and palpation

31
Q 
Which of the following is the primary goal for 
surgical resection of lung cancer?
a. To remove the tumor and all 
surrounding tissue
b. To remove the tumor and as little 
surrounding tissue as possible
c. To remove all of the tumor and 
collapsed alveoli
d. To remove as much tumor as possible 
without removing an alveoli
A

b. To remove the tumor and as little

surrounding tissue as possible

32
Q

According to a standard staging classification of
Hodgkin’s disease, which of the following criteria
reflects stage II?
a. Involvement of extralymphatic organs
b. Involvement of a single lymph node
c. Involvement of two or more lymph
node structures
d. Involvement of two or more lymph node
structures on both sides of the
diaphragm

A

c. Involvement of two or more lymph

node structures

33
Q

A client with stomach cancer is admitted to the
oncology unit after vomiting for 3 days. Physical
assessment findings include irregular pulse, muscle twitching, and complaints of prickling
sensations in the fingers and hands. Laboratory
results include a potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L, a
pH of 7.46, and a bicarbonate level of 29 mEq/L.
The client is experiencing:
a. Respiratory alkalosis
b. Respiratory acidosis
c. Metabolic alkalosis
d. Metabolic acidosis

A

Metabolic alkalosis

34
Q

Which of the following interventions is the key to
increasing the survival rates of clients with lung
cancer?
a. Early bronchoscopy
b. Early detection
c. High dose chemotherapy
d. Smoking cessation

A

b. Early detection

35
Q

The nurse is teaching a 17-year old client and
the client’s family about what to expect with
high-dose chemotherapy and the effects of
neutropenia. What should the nurse teach as the
most reliable early indicator of infection in a
neutropenic client?
a. Fever
b. Chills
c. Tachycardia
d. Dyspnea

A

a. Fever

36
Q 
5. Which of the following assessment findings in a 
client with leukemia would indicate that the 
cancer has invaded the brain?
a. Headache and vomiting
b. Restlessness and tachycardia
c. Hypervigilant and anxious behavior
d. Increased heart rate and decreased 
blood pressure
A

a. Headache and vomiting

37
Q 
A child is seen in the pediatrician’s office for 
complaints of bone and joint pain. Which of the 
following other assessment findings may 
suggest leukemia?
a. Abdominal pain
b. Increased activity level
c. Increased appetite
d. Petechiae
A

d. Petechiae

38
Q

A 36-year-old man with lymphoma presents with
signs of impending septic shock 9 days after
chemotherapy. The nurse could expect which of
the following to be present?
a. Flushing, decreased O2 sat, mild
hypotension
b. Low grade fever, chills, tachycardia
c. Elevated temperature, oliguria,
hypotension
d. High grade fever, normal blood
pressure, increased RR

A

b. Low grade fever, chills, tachycardia

39
Q

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of
a client receiving chemotherapy. The platelet
count is 10,000 cells/mm. Based on this
laboratory value, the priority nursing assessment
is which of the following?
a. Assess level of consciousness
b. Assess temperature
c. Assess bowel sounds
d. Assess skin turgor

A

a. Assess level of consciousness

40
Q

A 56-year-old woman is currently receiving
radiation therapy to the chest wall for recurrent
breast cancer. She calls her health care provider
to report that she has pain while swallowing and
burning and tightness in her chest. Which of the
following complications of radiation therapy is
most likely responsible for her symptoms?
a. Hiatal hernia
b. Stomatitis
c. Radiation enteritis
d. Esophagitis

A

d. Esophagitis

41
Q 
Which of the following foods should a client with 
leukemia avoid?
a. White bread
b. Carrot sticks
c. Stewed apples
d. Medium rare steak
A

b. Carrot sticks

42
Q

Which of the following statements is correct
about the rate of cell growth in relation to
chemotherapy?
a. Faster growing cells are less susceptible
to chemotherapy
b. Non dividing cells are more susceptible
to chemotherapy
c. Faster growing cells are more
susceptible to chemotherapy
d. Slower growing cells are more
susceptible to chemotherapy

A

c. Faster growing cells are more

susceptible to chemotherapy

43
Q 
For which of the following conditions is a client 
with multiple myeloma (MM) monitored?
a. Hypercalcemia
b. Hyperkalemia
c. Hypermagnesemia
d. Hypernatremia
A

a. Hypercalcemia

44
Q

A client with leukemia has neutropenia. Which of
the following functions must be frequently
assessed?
a. Blood pressure
b. Bowel sounds
c. Heart sounds
d. Breath sounds

A

d. Breath sounds

45
Q

The client with cancer is receiving chemotherapy
and develops thrombocytopenia. The nurse identifies which intervention as the highest
priority in the nursing plan of care?
a. Ambulation 3 times per day
b. Monitoring temperature
c. Monitoring platelet count
d. Monitoring for pathological factors

A

c. Monitoring platelet count

46
Q

The nurse is caring for a client following a
modified radical mastectomy. Which assessment
finding would indicate that the client is
experiencing a complication related to this
surgery?
a. Sanguinous drainage from JP drain
b. Pain at the operative site
c. Complaints of decreased sensation in
operative site
d. Arm edema on operative site

A

d. Arm edema on operative site

47
Q 
Which of the following conditions is not a 
complication of Hodgkin’s disease?
a. Anemia
b. Infection
c. Myocardial Infarction
d. Nausea
A

c. Myocardial Infarction

48
Q

A nurse is providing education in a community
setting about general measures to avoid
excessive sun exposure. Which of the following
recommendations is appropriate?
a. Apply sun screen only after going in the
water
b. Avoid peak exposure from 9am to 1pm
c. Wear loosely woven clothes
d. Apply sun screen with SPF 15 or
more before sun exposure

A

d. Apply sun screen with SPF 15 or

more before sun exposure

49
Q

Which of the following medications usually is
given to a client with leukemia as prophylaxis
against P. carinii pneumonia?
a. Bactrim
b. Oral nystatin suspension
c. Prednisone
d. Oncovin

A

a. Bactrim

50
Q 
A centrally located pulmonary tumor would 
produce which of the following symptoms?
a. Coughing
b. Hemoptysis
c. Pleuritic pain
d. Shoulder pain
A

a. Coughing

51
Q

The oncology nurse specialist provides an
educational session to nursing staff regarding
the characteristics of Hodgkin’s disease. The
nurse determines that further education is
needed if a nursing staff member states that
which of the following is characteristic of the
disease?
a. Presence of reed sternberg cells
b. Involvement of spleen and liver and
lymph nodes
c. Occurs most often in older adults
d. Prognosis depends on stage

A

c. Occurs most often in older adults

52
Q

Which of the following represents the most
appropriate nursing intervention for a client with
pruritis caused by cancer or the treatments?
a. Administration of antihistamines
b. Steroids
c. Silk sheets
d. Medicated cool baths

A

d. Medicated cool baths

53
Q

The client with a benign lung tumor is treated in
which of the following ways?
a. The tumor is treated with radiation only
b. The tumor is treated with chemotherapy
only
c. The tumor is left alone unless symptoms
are present
d. The tumor is removed, involving
the least possible amount of tissue

A

d. The tumor is removed, involving

the least possible amount of tissue

54
Q

Which of the following substances has abnormal
values early in the course of multiple myeloma
(MM)?
a. Immunoglobulins
b. Platelets
c. RBCs
d. WBCs

A

c. RBCs

55
Q

At the time of diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma,
which of the following areas is often involved?
a. Back
b. Chest
c. Groin
d. Neck

A

d. Neck

56
Q

. Which of the following tests in performed on a
client with leukemia before initiation of therapy
to evaluate the child’s ability to metabolize
chemotherapeutic agents?
a. Lumbar puncture
b. Liver function test
c. CBC
d. Peripheral blood smear

A

b. Liver function test

57
Q

The community nurse is conducting a health
promotion program at a local school and is
discussing the risk factors associated with
cancer. Which of the following, if identified by
the client as a risk factor, indicates a need for
further instructions?
a. Viral factors
b. Stress
c. Low fat and high fiber
d. Exposure to radiation

A

c. Low fat and high fiber

58
Q 
A pneumonectomy is a surgical procedure 
sometimes indicated for treatment of non-smallcell lung cancer. A pneumonectomy involves 
removal of:
a. An entire lung field
b. A small wedged shape lung surface
c. One lobe of lung
d. One or more segments of a lung lobe
A

a. An entire lung field

59
Q

In the client with terminal lung cancer, the focus
of nursing care is on which of the following
nursing interventions?
a. Provide emotional support
b. Provide nutritional support
c. Provide pain control
d. Prepare the client’s will

A

c. Provide pain control

60
Q

her first office visit since undergoing a left
mastectomy. When asked how she is doing, the
woman states her appetite is still not good, she
is not getting much sleep because she doesn’t
go to bed until her husband is asleep, and she is
really anxious to get back to work. Which of the
following nursing interventions should the nurse
explore to support the client’s current needs?
a. Call the physician to allow client to
return to work immediately
b. Suggest that the client learn relaxation
techniques to help with insomnia
c. Perform a nutritional assessment to
assess for anorexia
d. Ask open minded questions about
sexuality issues related to her
mastectomy

A

d. Ask open minded questions about
sexuality issues related to her
mastectomy

61
Q

A client is diagnosed with multiple myeloma. The
client asks the nurse about the diagnosis. The
nurse bases the response on which of the
following descriptions of this disorder?
a. Malignant exacerbation in the number of
leukocytes
b. Altered RBC production
c. Altered production of lymph nodes
d. Malignant proliferation of plasma
cells in the bone

A

d. Malignant proliferation of plasma

cells in the bone

62
Q

The nurse is developing a plan of care for the
client with multiple myeloma. The nurse includes
which priority intervention in the plan of care?
a. Coughing and deep breathing
b. Encourage fluids
c. Monitoring RBC
d. Providing frequent oral care

A

b. Encourage fluids

63
Q 
Which of the following complications are three 
main consequences of leukemia?
a. Bone deformities, spherocytosis, 
infection
b. Anemia, infection and bleeding 
tendencies
c. Lymphocytopoiesis, growth delays, 
hirsutism
d. Polycythemia, decreased clotting, 
infection
A

b. Anemia, infection and bleeding

tendencies

64
Q

Giving instructions for breast self-examination is
particularly important for clients with which of
the following medical problems?
a. Cervical dysplasia
b. Dermoid cyst
c. Endometrial polyps
d. Ovarian cancer

A

d. Ovarian cancer

65
Q

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of
a client diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Which
of the following would the nurse expect to note
specifically in this disorder?
a. Decreased number of plasma cells
b. Increased WBC
c. Increased serum calcium
d. Decreased BUN

A

c. Increased serum calcium

66
Q 
A 58-year-old man is going to have 
chemotherapy for lung cancer. He asks the 
nurse how the chemotherapeutic drugs will 
work. The most accurate explanation the nurse 
can give is which of the following?
a. Chemotherapy affects all rapidly 
dividing cells
b. The molecular structure of DNA is 
altered
c. Cancer cells are susceptible to drug 
toxins
d. Chemotherapy encourages cancer cells 
to divide
A

a. Chemotherapy affects all rapidly

dividing cells

67
Q 
A client has been diagnosed with lung cancer 
and requires a wedge resection. How much of 
the lung is removed?
a. One entire lung
b. A lobe of the lung
c. A small, localized area near the 
surface of the lung
d. A segment of the lung including 
bronchiole and it’s alveoli
A

c. A small, localized area near the

surface of the lung

68
Q

The client reports that while performing
testicular self exam, he found a lump the size
and shape of a pea. The appropriate response to
the client is:
a. Lumps like that are normal; don’t worry
b. Let me know if it gets bigger next
month
c. That could be cancer, I’ll ask the doctor
to examine you

d. That’s important to report even
though it might not be serious

A

d. That’s important to report even

though it might not be serious

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