Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Med Screening > Oncological Screening > Flashcards

Oncological Screening Flashcards

1
Q

what is similar ab the number 1 type of cancer in men and women

A

both are areas that are very affected by hormones

men - prostate
women - breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do the most prevalent types of cancer compare between women and men

A

most common 2-5 are the same
2. lung and bronchus
3. colon and rectum
4. urinary bladder / uterine corpus
5. melanoma of skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what type of cancer has the highest mortality rate

A

lung and bronchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 3 basic rules of cancer screening

A
  1. review PMH
  2. clinical presentation
  3. associated s/sx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are 4 components of a risk factor assessment

A

age >50yo
ethnicity
family hx
environmental and lifestyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what age range has the highest incidence of cancer and cancer mortalities

A

> 65yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 4 types of cancer have inc incidence in older adults

A

colon/rectum
ovarian
prostate
chronic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what 2 types of cancer have inc incidence in a younger population

A

testicular
breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are 3 known childhood cancers

A

acute leukemia
retinoblastoma
sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what ethnicity has an inc risk? describe what that risk entails

A

African Americans

10x greater incidence than white
30% higher mortality
less responsive to cancer tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does a hispanic ethnicity impact the risk

A

lower incidence of the more common cancers

inc incidence of cancers w infectious etiology
- stomach
- liver
- uterine
- cervical
- gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how do you do a screen for a family hx

A

connected to 1st gen family members
- immediate family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what cancers is a family hx important bc of their mutated gene etiology

A

breast
colon
ovarian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does a family hx of cancer impact the screening process

A

colonoscopy and mammograms screenings start at 50yo
- if known family hx, will come in to start screening 10yr prior to when family member was dx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are 5 risks for hereditary cancer syndrome

A

cancer in >2 family members
cancer in family <50yo
same type of cancer in family
different CA in 1 person in family
rare cancer in >1 family member

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are modifiable risk factors that are linked to 80-90% of cancer cases (6)

A

obesity
diet
sedentary lifestyle
sexual practices
tobacco/alcohol/drug use
sun exposure / tanning beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are occupational risk factors

A

ionizing radiation
agent orange
chemical agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what cancers have low survival rates (4)

A

pancreatic cancer
lung/bronchus
liver and intrahepatic duct
esophageal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are PT warning signs (3)

A

idiopathic prox weakness
- trendelenburg gait
- SOB
- STS and stair climbing
DTR changes
pain & night pain (intense &/or constant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

how is DTR linked to cancer

A

DTR related to carcinomatous meningitis
- cancer cells to meninges of brain or SC resulting in neuromyopathy

will see DTRs and prox ms weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are 7 warning signs

A

C hanges in bowel/bladder habits
A sore doesn’t heal in 5wks
U nusual bleeding/discharge
T thickening lump in breast or other
I ndigestion or difficulty swallowing
O bvious changes in wart or mole
N agging cough or hoarseness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are 3 general types of cancer

A

carcinoma (85%) - epithelial
sarcoma - connective
bloodborne - blood and lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are ex of carcinomas (4)

A

skin
intestines
breast
lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are ex of sarcomas (3)

A

bone
cartilage
ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are ex of bloodborne (3)

A

leukemia
multiple myeloma
lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the most common sites for metastatic cancer (5)

A

integ
pulm
neuro
msk (often bones)
hepatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are s/sx of integument mets (4)

A

ABCDEs
- Asymmetry
- Border (irregular?)
- Color (constant or shades?)
- Diameter (small or large?)
- Evolving

clusters of moles
bleeding from mole
tenderness around a mole

28
Q

what are 4 s/sx of MSK mets

A

bone pain
pathologic fx
hypercalcemia
back and rib pain

29
Q

how does bone pain present in a MSK met

A

deep
dec WB tolerance
not responsive to treatment

30
Q

what does a pathologic fx seen w MSK mets mean

A

not bc of a trauma

31
Q

why do you see hypercalcemia w MSK mets

A

if calcium coming out of bones, then going into blood
if in blood, not keeping bones strong

32
Q

treatment for a MSK met

A

surgery isn’t necessarily the best option
- could see PT for QOL and pain management

33
Q

what are the most common sites for bone metastases (5)

A

skull
pelvis
prox femur
posterior ribs
spine (thoracic, then lumbar)

34
Q

s/sx of neurological mets (12)

A

drowsiness
HA
n/v
irritability
confusion
mental status changes
vision changes
numbness/tingling
balance/coordination problems
DTR changes
- (+) Babinski
- clonus
tone changes
paraneoplastic syndrome

35
Q

what is paraneoplastic syndrome

A

group of rare disorders that are triggered by an abnormal immune response to a cancerous tumor

36
Q

what cancers is paraneoplastic syndrome most common with (4)

A

ovarian
breast
lung
hodgkins lymphoma

37
Q

what are the types of paraneoplastic syndrome (4)

A

endocrine
neurological
musculoskeletal
hematological

38
Q

s/sx of pulmonary mets (4)

A

dyspnea
wheezing - new onset
productive cough
pleural pain

39
Q

how does a productive cough present in a pulmonary met

A

sputum - yellow, green, rust colored

40
Q

how does pleural pain present in pulmonary mets

A

sharp chest pain that occurs while someone is breathing

41
Q

s/sx of hepatic mets (6)

A

RUQ tenderness/pain
- anatomic location of liver
R shoulder pain (referred)
jaundice
ascites
B CTS/TTS
encephalopathy

42
Q

how does jaundice present

A

yellow coloration best seen in eyes
- if bad, could probably see across body

43
Q

how does ascites present

A

distention of abdomen
- d/t fluid buildup bc of disruption of flow in portal v as it leaves the liver

makes it difficult for fluid to get back to heart and into circulation
- buildup of fluid that then goes into abdomen

44
Q

what is the significance of a bilateral presentation

A

likely a systemic issue

45
Q

how does CTS and TTS present in hepatic mets

A

CTS - carpal tunnel syndrome
TTS - tarsal tunnel syndrome

may be bilateral

46
Q

how does encephalopathy present

A

path relating to brain
- confusion
- cog impairments
- neuropathies

47
Q

why would hepatic mets lead to encephalopathy

A

liver being unable to transport ammonia out of body via portal v
- ammonia is instead transported back into the brain causing encephalopathy

48
Q

how does oncologic pain present

A

usually a late sign of cancer

49
Q

what are 5 paths for oncologic pain

A
  1. bone destruction
  2. visceral obstruction (among organs)
  3. nerve compression
  4. skin/tissue distention
  5. tissue inflammation, infection, necrosis
50
Q

what are 4 cancer treatments

A

surgery
radiation
chemotherapy
immunotherapy

51
Q

how does surgery treat CA

A

completely remove

52
Q

how does radiation treat CA

A

pinpoint area
- kill it locally

53
Q

how does chemo treat CA

A

systemic
goal is to kill fast growing cells (which CA is)
- does kill other good fast growing cells

54
Q

how does immunotherapy treat CA

A

immune response to target a specific tumor

55
Q

what are signs of side effects to look for in pts undergoing cancer treatment

A

infection
fever
thrombocytopenia
- dec platelets&raquo_space; inc bleed risk
DVT
dehydration
electrolyte imbalance

56
Q

what are 2 things to monitor in outpatient setting if pt undergoing cancer treatment

A

VS - identify how tolerating tx
RPE - may be overly fatigued/tired
- want to make sure working them at an appropriate level

57
Q

what are 4 contraindications for aerobic ex

A

platelets <50k
hemoglobin <10
WBC <3k
absolute granulocytes <2500

58
Q

metastatic pathway for lung CA in adults

A

brain
bone
mediastinum

59
Q

metastatic pathway for colon CA in adults

A

bone
belly
liver
lung

60
Q

metastatic pathway for breast CA in adults

A

bone
lung
liver
brain

61
Q

metastatic pathway for prostate CA in adults

A

bone
bladder
colon

62
Q

metastatic pathway for leukemia in children

A

doesn’t “metastasize” by nature is everywhere

63
Q

metastatic pathway for brain CA in children

A

local

64
Q

metastatic pathway for sarcoma in children

A

local
- tends to stay in that bone/cartilage area

65
Q

what indicates a need for an immediate referral (5)

A

lumps and bumps - new or changed
lymph node changes
prox weakness w DTR changes
bleeding - unexplained
s/sx of mets

66
Q

how would a lump present if cancerous? how would a non cancerous lump present?

A

hard and not movable - CA
squishy and movable - lipoma

Med Screening (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions