Onc - markers

Question 1

Testicular Cancer - markers in each type

Answer 1

Seminoma - no AFP and rarely HCG

Non-Seminoma GCT: AFP & HCG (50% each)

Question 2

Ca 15-3

Answer 2

Breast Ca

also preg

Question 3

Ca 19-9

Answer 3

GI type Ca - mostly Panc Ca
(also CRC, hepatobilary)

Can be increased in CF

Question 4

Ca-125

Answer 4

Ovarian

also endometriosis, pregnancy

Question 5

CEA

Answer 5

CRC (in 80%)
Panc (70%)
Breast (40%)
Other GI: liver, oesophagus

But also increased in ETOH, HCC, UC

Question 6

BRCA gene most common w/ ovarian BC

Answer 6

BRCA1

Question 7

BRCA2 hormone profile Breast Ca

Answer 7

Hormone receptor positive: ER+, PR+, HER2-

Still as likely as normal popn to be triple neg eg 30% of gen popn Breast Ca
(BRCA 1 far higher triple neg 90%)

HER2 are less likely in BRCA mutations

Question 8

Prostate Cancer - main genetic alteration in advanced prostate adenoCa

Answer 8

TMPRSST-ETS fusion (50%)
BRCA2 (10%) - tumour suppressor gene
CTNNB1 - oncogene

Question 9

RCC - types & associated mutations

Answer 9

Clear cell (75%) - VHL (+ SDH)
Papillary (15%) - MET, FH?