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Onc > Onc - 1 > Flashcards

Onc - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinoma

A

Starts in skin or tissue lining organs

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2
Q

Sarcoma

A

Starts in Bone, Cartilage, Fat, Muscle, BVs, Connective tissue

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3
Q

Leukemia

A

Starts in blood forming tissue like BM

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4
Q

Tumor

A

Mass of tissue due to uncontrolled dividing or failed apoptosis

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5
Q

Malig vs Benign tumors

A

Malig - invades/destroys and spreads

Benign - Grows but doesnt invade/spread

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6
Q

Porto-oncogenes

A

Codes for NL proteins involved w/ stimulating division of cells

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7
Q

Oncogenes

A

Mutated Porto-oncogenes that stimulate cell division when it shouldnt

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8
Q

Tumor suppressor genes

A

Codes for proteins involved w/ inhibiting cell division.

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9
Q

What two genes can result in cancer if mutated

A

Oncogenes - promoting tumor growth

Tumor suppressor genes - doesnt inhibit tumor growth

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10
Q

USA top three causes of death?

A
  1. Heart Dz
  2. Cancer
  3. Chronic lower respiratory Dz
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11
Q

USA top three new Cancer incidences for M/F

A

Male
Prostate, Lung, CRC

Female
Breast, Lung, CRC

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12
Q

USA top three Cancers causing mortality for M/F

A

Male
Lung, Prostate, CRC
27, 9, 8%

Female
Lung, Breast, CRC
25, 14, 8%

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13
Q

RFs for Cancer

A

Exposures - Rad, chemicals, infections

Modifiable RFs - Tob, ETOH, nutrition, PT/obese

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14
Q

Cancer TXTs are aimed at what?

A

Oncogenes

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15
Q

What is the single greatest non-modifiable RF?

A

AGE

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16
Q

Colon Cancer and Familial adenomatous polyps notes

A
  • Autodom
  • Mutated APC gene (tumor suppressor)
  • 100% lifetime risk for CRC
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17
Q

Differences between BRCA 1/2

A

BRCA 1 -

  • Breast 85%
  • Ovary 50%

BRCA 2 -

  • Breast (M/F)
  • Ovarian/Prostate
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18
Q

What is the MC MEN syndrome?

A

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN - 1) AKA

- Werner syndrome

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19
Q

The P’s of Werner syndrome?

A

MC initial presentation- Hyperparathyroidism

- Pituitary tumors
Prolactinoma, pit adenoma
- Pancreatic tumors
(Gastronomy, insulinoma)

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20
Q

MEN 2 syndrome is due to?

A

Mutated RET gene

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21
Q

MEN 2 syndrome can cause

A 
MEN 2A - Sipple synd
- Hirschsprung Dz
MEN 2B 
- Marfans
\+
-Medullary thyroid CA
- Pheochromocytoma
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22
Q

Most preventable cause of cancer death?

A

Smoking cessation (30% M/M)

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23
Q

ETOH ass/w what CA?

A

Head/neck and liver CA

24
Q

Obesity ass/w what CA?

A

Breast/Uterine
Esophageal/CRC
Kidney

25
Q

Obesities mechanisms of higher cancer M/M contribution?

A

Insulin resistance
INC inflam markers
DEC screening/effectiveness
DEC TXT effectiveness

26
Q

Radiation is ass/w what CA?

A

Breast
Leukemia
Lung
Thyroid

27
Q

Radon is ass/w what CA?

A

Lung

28
Q

Vinyl chloride is ass/w what CA?

A

Hepatic angiosarcoma

29
Q

Benzene is ass/w what CA?

A

AML

Lymphoma

30
Q

UV light is ass/w what CA?

A

Skin

31
Q

HPV is ass/w what CA?

A

Cervical
Anal
Laryngeal

32
Q

EBV is ass/w what CA?

A

B-cell lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal
Oral hairy leukoplakia

33
Q

H. Pylori is ass/w what CA?

A

Gastric Ca

MALT lymphoma

34
Q

Schistosoma is ass/w what CA?

A

Bladder Cancer

35
Q

HHV-8 is ass/w what CA?

A

Kaposi Sarcoma

36
Q

HIV is ass/w what CA?

A

NHL/HL lymphoma

37
Q

Sjogrens inflammatory is ass/w what CA?

A

Lymphoma

38
Q

Dermatomyositis is ass/w what CA?

A

MC - Ovarian CA

Multiple others

39
Q

What is the best TXT choice for potential cure?

A

Surgery

40
Q

Surgery TXT can be implemented w/?

A

Renal cell carcinoma

Ovarian Cancer

41
Q

SEs of chemo?

A

Neutropenia
N/V
GI/Skin toxicity

42
Q

Adjuvant chemo is?

A

Given after primary TXT(surgery)?

43
Q

Neoadjuvant chemo is?

A

Given before primary TXT(surgery)

44
Q

What Oncologic emergency can radiation be used w/?

A

Spinal cord compression

45
Q

Latest cancer TXT advancement?

A

Biological/immunologic

Monoclonal therapy

46
Q

Tumor markers are useful for?

A

Prognosis and response to TXT

47
Q

AFP tumor marker ass/w?

A

Hepatocellular CA

Testicular Ca

48
Q

CA-125 tumor marker ass/w?

A

Ovarian CA

49
Q

CEA tumor marker ass/w?

A

CRC

50
Q

CA 19-9 tumor marker ass/w?

A

Pancreatic CA

51
Q

Paraneoplastic syndromes are?

A

Features due to remote effects of Cancer

52
Q

Types of Paraneoplastic syndromes

A

Endocrine
Dermatological
Hematologic
Neuromuscular

53
Q

Endocrine Paraneoplastic findings?

A

Cushing
SIADH
Hypercalcemia

54
Q

Dermatologic Paraneoplastic findings?

A

Dermatomyositis

Acanthosis nigrans

55
Q

Hematologic Paraneoplastic findings?

A

Erythrocytosis
Coagulopathy
Thrombophlebitis

56
Q

Neuromuscular Paraneoplastic findings?

A

Lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome

57
Q

What cancer is MOST LIKELY to be ass/w paraneoplastic syndrome?

A

SCLC

-Cushing, SIADH, Hypercalcemia, Lambert-Eaton, Dermatocytosis, cerebellum syndrome

Onc (3 decks)

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