On the Floors Flashcards
Volume of blood in 1 unit of pRBCs?
Unit volume: ∼200–350 mL
1 unit of pRBCs increases Hb value by how much?
∼ 1 g/dL.
What are the indications for urgent renal replacement therapy (RRT):
“A.E.I.O.U.” -Acidosis, Electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia), Ingestion (of poisons), Overload (fluid), Uremic symptoms
Which medications/poisons are dialyzable?
“I STUMBLED” - Isoniazid, isopropyl alcohol; Salicylates; Theophylline, Tenormin® (atenolol); Urea; Methanol; Barbiturates; Lithium; Ethylene glycol; Dabigatran, Depakote® (valproic acid)
How much blood in a full-term baby?
80 cc/kg
How many calories in an ounce of mother’s breast milk?
20 cc/oz
eGFR for CKD stages 1-5?
Normal ECG with Reference Values
- P wave: amplitude < 0.25 mV; width < 0.12 s
- Q wave: duration < 0.04 s, depth: < ¼ of the following R wave
- PR interval: duration 0.12 – 0.2 s
- QRS complex: duration < 0.1 s
- ST segment: normally isoelectric
- T wave: concordant with QRS complex
- QT interval: duration adapted for heart rate (QTc): 390–450 ms (adult men); 390–460 ms (adult women)
How quickly should sodium be corrected in the first 24 hrs of hyponatremia?
maximum correction rate for all patients should be 6–8 mEq/L within the first 24 hours
What is the goal for sodium correction in the first 6 hours in a patient with hyponatremia?
↑ serum sodium 1–2 mEq/L/hour until an increase of 4–6 mEq/L has been reached within 6 hours
What is the goal serum potassium repletion in hypokalemia?
What is the CHA2DS2-VASc score used for?
stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation
Components of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score?
The HAS-BLED scoring system is used to (…).
assess the risk of bleeding in patients starting anticoagulation.
HAS-BLED Score?
Long-term anticoagulation for patients with Afib in order to prevent thromboembolic complications is indicated if the patient has an (…), (…), and/or a (…) score ≥ 2 in men and ≥ 3 in women.
underlying valvular disease
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
CHA2DS2-VASc
Revised Atlanta Criteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis?
Two of the three following criteria should be met for a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis to be made.
- Characteristic abdominal pain
- ↑ Serum pancreatic enzymes: lipase or amylase ≥ 3× ULN
- Characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis on cross-sectional imaging (e.g., contrast-enhanced CT abdomen)
Causes of high anion gap acidosis?
(MUDPILES): Methanol toxicity, Uremia, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Paraldehyde, Isoniazid or Iron overdose, Inborn error of metabolism, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol toxicity, Salicylate toxicity
What is the peak incidence of febrile seizures?
2nd year of life; most commonly occurs between 6 months and 5 years of age
What does the red reflex assess for during eye exam o f the newborn? Absence of the red reflex leads to high suspicion for (…) or (…).
The light reflection of the ocular fundus, which normally has a red color
congenital cataracts, retinoblastoma (white reflex suggesting leukocoria)
Congenital dermal melanocytosis
Melanocytes migrating from the neural crest to the epidermis during development become entrapped in the dermis
Holliday-Segar formula (4,2,1 rule)
4 mL/kg/hour for the first 10 kg
+ 2 mL/kg/hour for the next 10 kg
+ 1 mL/kg/hour for the remaining weight
What are the four types of implantable pacemakers?
