On the Floors

Question 1

Volume of blood in 1 unit of pRBCs?

Answer 1

Unit volume: ∼200–350 mL

Question 2

1 unit of pRBCs increases Hb value by how much?

Answer 2

∼ 1 g/dL.

Question 3

What are the indications for urgent renal replacement therapy (RRT):

Answer 3

“A.E.I.O.U.” -Acidosis, Electrolyte abnormalities (hyperkalemia), Ingestion (of poisons), Overload (fluid), Uremic symptoms

Question 4

Which medications/poisons are dialyzable?

Answer 4

“I STUMBLED” - Isoniazid, isopropyl alcohol; Salicylates; Theophylline, Tenormin® (atenolol); Urea; Methanol; Barbiturates; Lithium; Ethylene glycol; Dabigatran, Depakote® (valproic acid)

Question 5

How much blood in a full-term baby?

Answer 5

80 cc/kg

Question 6

How many calories in an ounce of mother’s breast milk?

Answer 6

20 cc/oz

Question 7

eGFR for CKD stages 1-5?

Answer 7

Question 8

Normal ECG with Reference Values

Answer 8

• P wave: amplitude < 0.25 mV; width < 0.12 s
• Q wave: duration < 0.04 s, depth: < ¼ of the following R wave
• PR interval: duration 0.12 – 0.2 s
• QRS complex: duration < 0.1 s
• ST segment: normally isoelectric
• T wave: concordant with QRS complex
• QT interval: duration adapted for heart rate (QTc): 390–450 ms (adult men); 390–460 ms (adult women)

Question 9

How quickly should sodium be corrected in the first 24 hrs of hyponatremia?

Answer 9

maximum correction rate for all patients should be 6–8 mEq/L within the first 24 hours

Question 10

What is the goal for sodium correction in the first 6 hours in a patient with hyponatremia?

Answer 10

↑ serum sodium 1–2 mEq/L/hour until an increase of 4–6 mEq/L has been reached within 6 hours

Question 11

What is the goal serum potassium repletion in hypokalemia?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the CHA2DS2-VASc score used for?

Answer 12

stroke prediction in atrial fibrillation

Question 13

Components of the CHA2DS2-VASc Score?

Answer 13

Question 14

The HAS-BLED scoring system is used to (…).

Answer 14

assess the risk of bleeding in patients starting anticoagulation.

Question 15

HAS-BLED Score?

Answer 15

Question 16

Long-term anticoagulation for patients with Afib in order to prevent thromboembolic complications is indicated if the patient has an (…), (…), and/or a (…) score ≥ 2 in men and ≥ 3 in women.

Answer 16

underlying valvular disease
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
CHA2DS2-VASc

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Revised Atlanta Criteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis?

Answer 18

Two of the three following criteria should be met for a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis to be made.

1. Characteristic abdominal pain
2. ↑ Serum pancreatic enzymes: lipase or amylase ≥ 3× ULN
3. Characteristic findings of acute pancreatitis on cross-sectional imaging (e.g., contrast-enhanced CT abdomen)

Question 19

Causes of high anion gap acidosis?

Answer 19

(MUDPILES): Methanol toxicity, Uremia, Diabetic ketoacidosis, Paraldehyde, Isoniazid or Iron overdose, Inborn error of metabolism, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol toxicity, Salicylate toxicity

Question 20

What is the peak incidence of febrile seizures?

Answer 20

2nd year of life; most commonly occurs between 6 months and 5 years of age

Question 21

What does the red reflex assess for during eye exam o f the newborn? Absence of the red reflex leads to high suspicion for (…) or (…).

Answer 21

The light reflection of the ocular fundus, which normally has a red color

congenital cataracts, retinoblastoma (white reflex suggesting leukocoria)

Question 22

Congenital dermal melanocytosis

Answer 22

Melanocytes migrating from the neural crest to the epidermis during development become entrapped in the dermis

Question 23

Holliday-Segar formula (4,2,1 rule)

Answer 23

4 mL/kg/hour for the first 10 kg
+ 2 mL/kg/hour for the next 10 kg
+ 1 mL/kg/hour for the remaining weight

Question 24

What are the four types of implantable pacemakers?

Answer 24

Question 25

Anatomical course of a lead in a transvenous ICD (implantable cardioverter-defibrillator)?

Answer 25

(Axillary v.) –> Subclavian v. –> R brachiocephalic vein –> Superior vena cava