OMS overview Flashcards
What germ layers and which branchial arch give rise to the teeth?
● Ectoderm
● First branchial arch as well as ectomesenchyme from the neural crest and mesoderm
Name the muscles of mastication.
● Masseter muscle
● Medial pterygoid muscle
● Lateral pterygoid muscle
● Temporalis muscle
Name the teeth from lateral to medial.
● Molars: Third (wisdom tooth), second, first
● Premolars: Second bicuspid/premolar, first bicuspid/
premolar
● Canines: Cuspid
● Incisors: Lateral incisor, central incisor
Number the teeth according to the universal numbering system.
Count maxillary teeth from right to left: ● No. 1: Right maxillary third molar ● No. 16: Left maxillary third molar ● No. 17: Mandibular left third molar ● No. 32: Mandibular right third molar
Name the origin, insertion, and function of the lateral pterygoid muscle.
● Origin: Superior head, greater wing of sphenoid; inferior
head, lateral aspect of lateral pterygoid plate
● Insertion: Superior head, articular disk; inferior head,
condylar neck
● Function: Opens and protrudes jaw
Name the main components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) within the joint capsule from superior to inferior.
● Glenoid fossa ● Superior joint space ● Articular disk ● Inferior joint space ● Head of mandibular condyle
Describe the various surfaces of the teeth.
● Mesial: Toward the midline
● Distal: Away from the midline
● Facial: Toward the cheek or lips
● Labial: Toward the lips (anterior teeth)
● Buccal: Toward the cheeks (posterior teeth)
● Lingual: Toward the tongue
● Incisal: Toward the biting surface (anterior teeth)
● Occlusal: Toward the biting surface (posterior teeth)
● Apical: Toward the apex or tip of the root
Describe the sensory innervation to the TMJ.
The masseteric, deep temporal, and auriculotemporal
nerves (all branches of cranial nerve [CN] V3) supply the
joint capsule.
What are the three main layers of a tooth?
● Enamel
● Dentin
● Dental pulp
What are the functions of the posterior teeth?
The premolars and molars grind food as well as establish a vertical dimension of occlusion.
What are bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs)?
Proteins that are osteoinductive and are instrumental in
regulating bone and cartilage development and formation
Describe the Angle classification of dental relationships.
● Class I: Normal occlusion, mesiobuccal cusp of the maxillary first molar aligns with the buccal groove of the
mandibular first molar
● Class II: Distoclusion (retrognathism), mesiobuccal cusp
of the maxillary first molar mesial to the buccal groove
● Class III: Mesioclusion (prognathism), mesiobuccal cusp
of the maxillary first molar distal to the buccal groove
Describe the evaluation of a panoramic radiograph
orthopanotomogram
Evaluation should include the teeth and any evidence of
dental caries or periapical pathology, the alveolar and basal
bone of the jaws, the inferior alveolar nerve canal, ramus
and condyles, and maxillary sinuses; account for any
impacted or missing/supernumerary teeth.
Describe the radiologic findings common to
benign odontogenic tumors.
Common findings include radiolucency, often multilocular,
and a propensity to expand the cortical boundaries of the
jaw and push the inferior alveolar nerve inferiorly. Cortical
margins are typically intact. Teeth may be displaced or
roots resorbed (more aggressive malignancy will often
show the whole root and a “tooth floating in space”).
Which anatomical regions are best visualized by
standard dental X-rays?
Tooth-bearing regions of the maxilla and mandible are well
demonstrated by dental films; the ramus, condylar region,
and inferior aspect of the mandible are usually missed by
most dental films (periapical and bitewing films). Panoramic radiographs show the jaws and the condyle more completely, but they are less accurate in diagnosing dental disease. Panorex is often distorted in the midline.
