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Radiology > OMR > Flashcards

OMR Flashcards

1
Q

how are congenitally missing teeth charted?

A

black vertical line or x through the tooth

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2
Q

how are previously extracted teeth charted?

A

blue vertical line or x through the tooth

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3
Q

how are existing composite resin restorations charted?

A

outline surfaces in blue

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4
Q

how are existing amalgam restorations charted?

A

fill in surfaces in blue

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5
Q

how are existing gold restorations charted?

A

cross hatch surfaces in blue

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6
Q

what is an odotogram

A

list all of the teeth for charting

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7
Q

how are existing porcelin/ ceramic crowns charted?

A

outline tooth in blue

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8
Q

what are 3 ways to maximize sharpness and resolution?

A
  1. use as small an effective focal spot as practical
  2. increase distance from focal spot to tooth with long open ended cylinder (aiming cylinder)
  3. minimize distance from tooth to image receptor (film next to tooth)
    - further away, tooth closer to film
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9
Q

image size distortion (magnification) can be minimized by?

A
  1. increase focal spot to image receptor distance (aiming cone)
  2. decrease tooth to receptor distance (film placement)
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10
Q

image shape distortion can be minimized by?

A
  1. position image receptor (film) parallel to long axis or the tooth
  2. orient central ray (cone) perpendicular to the tooth and image receptor
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11
Q

what color is used in charting for treatment that needs to be completed?

A

red

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12
Q

how can shape distortion manifest?

A

foreshortening or elongation of the film image

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13
Q

when does foreshortening of the film occur?

A

when the central bean is perpendicular to the image receptor (film) but the tooth is not
-film is not parallel to long axis of the tooth

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14
Q

when does elongation of the film occur?

A

when the central beam is perpendicular to the tooth but not the image receptor

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15
Q

what is paralleling technique ?

A

central ray should be perpendicular to the long axis of both the tooth and the image receptor

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16
Q

what x-ray technique generates the least distortion and is the preferred method of capturing images when possible?

A

paralleling technique

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17
Q

what is the bisecting angle technique?

A

the central beam should be directed at a right angle to the imaginary place bisecting the angle formed by the image receptor (film) and the central axis of the tooth. The film is slightly tilted more.
-angle bisects (inbetween) the central axis of the tooth and the film

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18
Q

what is the result of the bisecting angle technique?

A

image of correct length but with distortions in tooth and height of alveolar crest

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19
Q

Object localization rule : SLOB rule?

A

Same Lingual- Opposite Buccal

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20
Q

if an object moves mesial or the same direction as you moved the tubehead, this it is _______ to the teeth?

A

lingual

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21
Q

if the object shifts to the opposite direction, distally it is located _______ to the teeth?

A

buccal

22
Q

if the object does not shift, it is located _______ to the teeth

A

same plane

23
Q

how to increase periapical coverage?

A

increase the angle of the x-ray head and cone by 5-15 degrees

24
Q

To lessen distortion in a radiograph you can:
A. Increase distance between focal spot and image receptor
B. Decrease distance between object (tooth) and image receptor
C. Use paralleling technique
D. All of the above

A

D. All of the above

25
Q

how many films are in a full mouth series of radiographs?

A

18 films- 14 periapicals and 4 bitewings

26
Q

what number sensor is used for all radiographs?

A

2

27
Q

what is the central x-ray entry point of the maxillary premolar region

A

point down from the pupil of the eye to mid cheek area

28
Q

what is the central x-ray entry point for the maxillary cuspid region?

A

ala of the nose

29
Q

what is the central x-ray entry point for the maxillary molar region?

A

point down from the outer canthus (corner) of the eye to mid cheek area

30
Q

what do we want to see in the maxillary molar x-rays?

A

distal of 2nd premolar to the maxillary 3rd molar

31
Q

When taking periapical radiographs of the upper bicuspids you do which of the following?

A. Position the cone parallel to the occlusal plane
B. Position the sensor such that it captures the cuspid back to the first molar
C. Angle the cone from the mesial in order to project the cuspid onto the sensor
D. Tip the patient back in the chair, mouth open, until the mandible is parallel with the floor

A

B. Position the sensor such that it captures the cuspid back to the first molar

32
Q

radiopaque?

A

anything that blocks the transmission of x-rays

-photons are not reaching sensor b/c absorbed

33
Q

is air and metal radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

air = radiolucent

metal - radiopaque

34
Q

radiolucent?

A

permits the transmission of x-rays

35
Q

what is more radiopaque, enamel or dentin?

A

enamel is more radiopaque

36
Q

enamel is what percent mineral?

A

90%

-most dense natural substance in the body made of calcium phosphate

37
Q

is dentin radiolucent or radiopaque?

what percent mineral?

A
  • radiopaque
  • 75% mineral
  • makes up the largest portion of the hard structures of the tooth
  • same opacity as bone
38
Q

is cementum see radiographically?

A

seldom seen radiographically

-low contrast between it and dentin

39
Q

is pulp radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

-radiolucent

40
Q

lamina dura?

A

continuous with cortical bone at the alveolar crest

-surrounds the tooth locket with thick layer of dense bone

41
Q

is the lamina dura radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

radiopaque

42
Q

what can cause the lamina dura to appear more dense radiographically?

A
  • passing of the x-ray bean at a tangent

- it is not any more mineralized than the surrounding bone

43
Q

is the alveolar crest radiopaque or radiolucent?

A

radiopaque

44
Q

how does the alveolar crest vary in the anterior and posterior?

A

anterior: pointed
posterior: flat and parallel line connecting the CEJ’s of adjacent teeth

45
Q

cancellous bone also know as?

A

trabecular bone

46
Q

where is cancellous bone located?

A

between the cortical plate

47
Q

is the cancellous bone radiolucent or radiopaque?

A

radiopaque plates and rods surrounding radiolucent marrow pockets

48
Q

what is the accepted distance of the alveolar crest to the CEJ?

A

1.5-2mm

49
Q

what type of restorative materials appear radiolucent?

A
  • silicate cements
  • some composite resins
  • porcelain
50
Q

what type of restorative materials appear radiopaque?

A
  • silver alamgam
  • gold
  • pins and posts
  • calcium hydroxide
  • gutta percha
  • some composities
  • stainless steal crowns
  • ortho bands and appliances
  • impants
51
Q 
This portion of the tooth makes up the bulk of the structure of the tooth and is about the same opacity as bone:
A. Enamel
B. Dentin
C. Cementum
D. Pulp
A

B. Dentin

52
Q

where is the mental foramen typically located?

A

at the apex of the mandibular 2nd premolar

Radiology (3 decks)

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